Indium

Indium

Indium is a chemical element with the symbol In and atomic number 49. This rare, very soft, malleable and easily fusible post-transition metal is chemically similar to gallium and thallium, and shows the intermediate properties between these two...

(In) consists of two primordial nuclide

Primordial nuclide

In geochemistry and geonuclear physics, primordial nuclides or primordial isotopes are nuclides found on the earth that have existed in their current form since before Earth was formed. Only 288 such nuclides are known...

s, with the most common (~ 95.7%) nuclide (¹¹⁵In) being measurably radioactive (although with a very long half-life). The stable isotope ¹¹³In is only 4.3% of naturally occurring indium. Among elements with a known stable isotope, only tellurium and rhenium

Rhenium

Rhenium is a chemical element with the symbol Re and atomic number 75. It is a silvery-white, heavy, third-row transition metal in group 7 of the periodic table. With an average concentration of 1 part per billion , rhenium is one of the rarest elements in the Earth's crust. The free element has...

 similarly occur with a stable isotope in lower abundance than the long-lived radioactive isotope. Other than ¹¹⁵In, the longest-lived radioisotope is ¹¹¹In with a half-life of 2.8047 days. All other radioisotopes have half-lives less than a day. This element also has 47 isomers

Nuclear isomer

A nuclear isomer is a metastable state of an atomic nucleus caused by the excitation of one or more of its nucleons . "Metastable" refers to the fact that these excited states have half-lives more than 100 to 1000 times the half-lives of the other possible excited nuclear states...

, the longest-lived being ^114m1In with a half-life of 49.51 days. All other meta-states have half-lives less than a day, most less than an hour, and many measured in milliseconds or less..

Indium-111 is used medically in nuclear imaging, as a radiotracer nuclide tag for gamma camera

Gamma camera

A gamma camera, also called a scintillation camera or Anger camera, is a device used to image gamma radiation emitting radioisotopes, a technique known as scintigraphy...

 localization of protein radiopharmaceuticals, such as In-111-labeled octreotide

Octreotide

Octreotide is an octapeptide that mimics natural somatostatin pharmacologically, though it is a more potent inhibitor of growth hormone, glucagon, and insulin than the natural hormone...

, which binds to receptors on certain endocrine tumors (Octreoscan). Indium-111 is also used in indium white blood cell scan

Indium white blood cell scan

The indium white blood cell scan, also called "indium leukocyte imaging," "indium-111 scan," or simply "indium scan," is a nuclear medicine procedure in which white blood cells are removed from the patient, tagged with the radioisotope Indium-111, and then injected intravenously into the patient...

s which use nuclear medical techniques to search for hidden infections.

Standard atomic mass: 114.818(3) u

Table

nuclide symbol	Z(p Proton The proton is a subatomic particle with the symbol or and a positive electric charge of 1 elementary charge. One or more protons are present in the nucleus of each atom, along with neutrons. The number of protons in each atom is its atomic number.... )	N(n Neutron The neutron is a subatomic hadron particle which has the symbol or , no net electric charge and a mass slightly larger than that of a proton. With the exception of hydrogen, nuclei of atoms consist of protons and neutrons, which are therefore collectively referred to as nucleons. The number of... )	isotopic mass (u)	half-lifeBold for isotopes with half-lives longer than the age of the universe (nearly stable)	decay mode(s)Abbreviations: EC: Electron capture Electron capture Electron capture is a process in which a proton-rich nuclide absorbs an inner atomic electron and simultaneously emits a neutrino... IT: Isomeric transition Isomeric transition An isomeric transition is a radioactive decay process that involves emission of a gamma ray from an atom where the nucleus is in an excited metastable state, referred to in its excited state, as a nuclear isomer....	daughter isotope(s)Bold for stable isotopes, bold italics for nearly-stable isotopes (half-life longer than the age of the universe)	nuclear spin	representative isotopic composition (mole fraction)	range of natural variation (mole fraction)
	excitation energy
97In	49	48	96.94954(64)#	5# ms			9/2+#
98In	49	49	97.94214(21)#	45(23) ms [32(+32-11) ms]	β+ Beta decay In nuclear physics, beta decay is a type of radioactive decay in which a beta particle is emitted from an atom. There are two types of beta decay: beta minus and beta plus. In the case of beta decay that produces an electron emission, it is referred to as beta minus , while in the case of a...	98Cd	0+#
98mIn	0(500)# keV			1.7(8) s [1.2(+12-4) s]
99In	49	50	98.93422(43)#	3.1(8) s [3.0(+8-7) s]	β+	99Cd	9/2+#
99mIn	400(150)# keV			1# s			1/2-#
100In	49	51	99.93111(27)	5.9(2) s	β+ (96.1%)	100Cd	(6,7)+
					β+, p Proton emission Proton emission is a type of radioactive decay in which a proton is ejected from a nucleus. Proton emission can occur from high-lying excited states in a nucleus following a beta decay, in which case the process is known as beta-delayed proton emission, or can occur from the ground state of very...  (3.9%)	99Ag
101In	49	52	100.92634(32)#	15.1(3) s	β+	100Cd	9/2+#
					β+, p	100Ag
101mIn	550(100)# keV			10# s			1/2-#
102In	49	53	101.92409(12)	23.3(1) s	β+ (99.99%)	102Cd	(6+)
					β+, p (.00929%)	101Ag
103In	49	54	102.919914(27)	60(1) s	β+	103Cd	9/2+#
103mIn	631.7(1) keV			34(2) s			(1/2-)#
104In	49	55	103.91830(9)	1.80(3) min	β+	104Cd	5,6(+)
104mIn	93.48(10) keV			15.7(5) s	IT (80%)	104In	(3+)
					β+ (20%)	104Cd
105In	49	56	104.914674(19)	5.07(7) min	β+	105Cd	9/2+
105mIn	674.1(3) keV			48(6) s	IT	105In	(1/2)-
106In	49	57	105.913465(13)	6.2(1) min	β+	106Cd	7+
106mIn	28.6(3) keV			5.2(1) min	β+	106Cd	(3+)
107In	49	58	106.910295(12)	32.4(3) min	β+	107Cd	9/2+
107mIn	678.5(3) keV			50.4(6) s	IT	107In	1/2-
108In	49	59	107.909698(10)	58.0(12) min	β+	108Cd	7+
108mIn	29.75(5) keV			39.6(7) min	β+	108Cd	2+
109In	49	60	108.907151(6)	4.2(1) h	β+	109Cd	9/2+
109m1In	650.1(3) keV			1.34(7) min	IT	109In	1/2-
109m2In	2101.8(2) keV			209(6) ms			(19/2+)
110In	49	61	109.907165(13)	4.9(1) h	β+	110Cd	7+
110mIn	62.1(5) keV			69.1(5) min	β+	110Cd	2+
111InUsed in medical applications Nuclear medicine In nuclear medicine procedures, elemental radionuclides are combined with other elements to form chemical compounds, or else combined with existing pharmaceutical compounds, to form radiopharmaceuticals. These radiopharmaceuticals, once administered to the patient, can localize to specific organs...	49	62	110.905103(5)	2.8047(5) d	EC Electron capture Electron capture is a process in which a proton-rich nuclide absorbs an inner atomic electron and simultaneously emits a neutrino...	111Cd	9/2+
111mIn	536.95(6) keV			7.7(2) min	IT Isomeric transition An isomeric transition is a radioactive decay process that involves emission of a gamma ray from an atom where the nucleus is in an excited metastable state, referred to in its excited state, as a nuclear isomer....	111In	1/2-
112In	49	63	111.905532(6)	14.97(10) min	β+ (56%)	112Cd	1+
					β- (44%)	112Sn
112m1In	156.59(5) keV			20.56(6) min	β+	112Cd	4+
112m2In	350.76(9) keV			690(50) ns			7+
112m3In	613.69(14) keV			2.81(3) µs			8-
113In	49	64	112.904058(3)	Observationally StableTheoretically capable of spontaneous fission Spontaneous fission Spontaneous fission is a form of radioactive decay characteristic of very heavy isotopes. Because the nuclear binding energy reaches a maximum at a nuclear mass greater than about 60 atomic mass units , spontaneous breakdown into smaller nuclei and single particles becomes possible at heavier masses...			9/2+	0.0429(5)
113mIn	391.699(3) keV			1.6579(4) h	IT	113In	1/2-
114In	49	65	113.904914(3)	71.9(1) s	β+ (99.5%)	114Cd	1+
					β- (0.5%)	114Sn
114m1In	190.29(3) keV			49.51(1) d	IT (96.75%)	114In	5+
					β+ (3.25%)	114Cd
114m2In	501.94(3) keV			43.1(6) ms	IT (96.75%)	114In	(8-)
					β+ (3.25%)	114Cd
114m3In	641.72(3) keV			4.3(4) µs	(7+)
115InFission product Fission product Nuclear fission products are the atomic fragments left after a large atomic nucleus fissions. Typically, a large nucleus like that of uranium fissions by splitting into two smaller nuclei, along with a few neutrons and a large release of energy in the form of heat , gamma rays and neutrinos. The... Primordial Primordial nuclide In geochemistry and geonuclear physics, primordial nuclides or primordial isotopes are nuclides found on the earth that have existed in their current form since before Earth was formed. Only 288 such nuclides are known...  radionuclide Radionuclide A radionuclide is an atom with an unstable nucleus, which is a nucleus characterized by excess energy available to be imparted either to a newly created radiation particle within the nucleus or to an atomic electron. The radionuclide, in this process, undergoes radioactive decay, and emits gamma...	49	66	114.903878(5)	4.41(25)×1014 a	β-	115Sn	9/2+	0.9571(5)
115mIn	336.244(17) keV			4.486(4) h	IT (95%)	115In	1/2-
					β- (5%)	115Sn
116In	49	67	115.905260(5)	14.10(3) s	β-	116Sn	1+
					EC	116Cd
116m1In	127.267(6) keV			54.29(17) min			5+
116m2In	289.660(6) keV			2.18(4) s			8-
117In	49	68	116.904514(6)	43.2(3) min	β-	117Sn	9/2+
117mIn	315.302(12) keV			116.2(3) min	β- (52.91%)	117Sn	1/2-
					IT (47.09%)	117In
118In	49	69	117.906354(9)	5.0(5) s	β-	118Sn	1+
118m1In	100(50)# keV			4.364(7) min	β-	118Sn	5+
118m2In	240(50)# keV			8.5(3) s			8-
119In	49	70	118.905845(8)	2.4(1) min	β-	119Sn	9/2+
119m1In	311.37(3) keV			18.0(3) min	β- (94.4%)	119Sn	1/2-
					IT (5.6%)	119In
119m2In	654.27(7) keV			130(15) ns			1/2+,3/2+
120In	49	71	119.90796(4)	3.08(8) s	β-	120Sn	1+
120m1In	50(60)# keV			46.2(8) s			5+
120m2In	300(200)# keV			47.3(5) s	β-	120Sn	8(-)
121In	49	72	120.907846(29)	23.1(6) s	β-	121Sn	9/2+
121mIn	312.98(8) keV			3.88(10) min	β- (98.8%)	121Sn	1/2-
					IT (1.2%)	121In
122In	49	73	121.91028(5)	1.5(3) s	β-	122Sn	1+
122m1In	40(60)# keV			10.3(6) s			5+
122m2In	290(140) keV			10.8(4) s	β-	122Sn	8-
123In	49	74	122.910438(26)	6.17(5) s	β-	123mSn	(9/2)+
123mIn	327.21(4) keV			47.4(4) s	β-	123mSn	(1/2)-
124In	49	75	123.91318(5)	3.11(10) s	β-	124Sn	3+
124mIn	-20(70) keV			3.7(2) s	β-	124Sn	(8)(-#)
					IT	124In
125In	49	76	124.91360(3)	2.36(4) s	β-	125mSn	9/2+
125mIn	360.12(9) keV			12.2(2) s	β-	125Sn	1/2(-)
126In	49	77	125.91646(4)	1.53(1) s	β-	126Sn	3(+#)
126mIn	100(60) keV			1.64(5) s	β-	126Sn	8(-#)
127In	49	78	126.91735(4)	1.09(1) s	β- (99.97%)	127mSn	9/2(+)
					β-, n Neutron emission Neutron emission is a type of radioactive decay of atoms containing excess neutrons, in which a neutron is simply ejected from the nucleus. Two examples of isotopes which emit neutrons are helium-5 and beryllium-13... (.03%)	126Sn
127mIn	460(70) keV			3.67(4) s	β- (99.31%)	127mSn	(1/2-)
					β-, n (.69%)	126Sn
128In	49	79	127.92017(5)	0.84(6) s	β- (99.96%)	128Sn	(3)+
					β-, n (.038%)	127Sn
128m1In	247.87(10) keV			10(7) ms			(1)-
128m2In	320(60) keV			720(100) ms	β-	128Sn	(8-)
129In	49	80	128.92170(5)	611(4) ms	β- (99.75%)	129Sn	9/2+#
					β-, n (.25%)	128Sn
129m1In	380(70) keV			1.23(3) s	β- (97.2%)	129Sn	(1/2-)#
					β-, n (2.5%)	128Sn
					IT (.3%)	129In
129m2In	1688.0(5) keV			8.5(5) µs			17/2-
130In	49	81	129.92497(4)	0.29(2) s	β- (98.35%)	130Sn	1(-)
					β-, n (1.65%)	129Sn
130m1In	50(50) keV			538(5) ms			10-#
130m2In	400(60) keV			0.54(1) s			(5+)
131In	49	82	130.92685(3)	0.28(3) s	β- (97.8%)	131Sn	(9/2+)
					β-, n (2.19%)	130Sn
131m1In	363(37) keV			0.35(5) s			(1/2-)
131m2In	4.10(7) MeV			320(60) ms			(19/2+ to 23/2+)
132In	49	83	131.93299(7)	206(4) ms	β- (94.8%)	132Sn	(7-)
					β-, n (5.2%)	131Sn
133In	49	84	132.93781(32)#	165(3) ms	β-, n (85%)	132Sn	(9/2+)
					β- (15%)	133Sn
133mIn	330(40)# keV			180# ms	IT	133In	(1/2-)
134In	49	85	133.94415(43)#	140(4) ms	β- (79%)	134Sn
					β-, n (17%)	133Sn
					β-, 2n (4%)	132Sn
135In	49	86	134.94933(54)#	92(10) ms			9/2+#

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