Iranian Studies
Encyclopedia
Iranian studies is an interdisciplinary field dealing with the study of history, literature, art and culture of the Iranian people. It is a part of the wider field of Oriental studies
Oriental studies
Oriental studies is the academic field of study that embraces Near Eastern and Far Eastern societies and cultures, languages, peoples, history and archaeology; in recent years the subject has often been turned into the newer terms of Asian studies and Middle Eastern studies...

.

Iranian studies is broader than and distinct from Persian studies
Persian studies
Persian Studies is the study of the Persian language and its literature specifically. It is differentiated from Iranian Studies which is a broader, more interdisciplinary subject that focuses more on the histories and cultures of all Iranian peoples....

, which is the study of the modern Persian language
Persian language
Persian is an Iranian language within the Indo-Iranian branch of the Indo-European languages. It is primarily spoken in Iran, Afghanistan, Tajikistan and countries which historically came under Persian influence...

 (known as "Farsi" or "Parsi" to the natives) and literature
Persian literature
Persian literature spans two-and-a-half millennia, though much of the pre-Islamic material has been lost. Its sources have been within historical Persia including present-day Iran as well as regions of Central Asia where the Persian language has historically been the national language...

 specifically. The discipline of Iranian Studies focuses on broad trends in culture, history, language and other aspects of only Persians
Persian people
The Persian people are part of the Iranian peoples who speak the modern Persian language and closely akin Iranian dialects and languages. The origin of the ethnic Iranian/Persian peoples are traced to the Ancient Iranian peoples, who were part of the ancient Indo-Iranians and themselves part of...

, but not a variety of other contemporary and historical Iranic peoples, such as Baluchis, Kurds, Pashtuns, Ossetians
Ossetians
The Ossetians are an Iranic ethnic group of the Caucasus Mountains, eponymous of the region known as Ossetia.They speak Ossetic, an Iranian language of the Eastern branch, with most also fluent in Russian as a second language....

, Scythians, Parthians, Sogdians, Bactrians
Bactrians
The Bactrians were the inhabitants of Bactria.Several important trade routes from India and China passed through Bactria and, as early as the Bronze Age, this had allowed the accumulation of vast amounts of wealth by the mostly nomadic population. The first proto-urban civilization in the area...

, etc.

Iranian Studies in pre-modern Iran

Ferdowsi
Ferdowsi
Ferdowsi was a highly revered Persian poet. He was the author of the Shahnameh, the national epic of Iran and related societies.The Shahnameh was originally composed by Ferdowsi for the princes of the Samanid dynasty, who were responsible for a revival of Persian cultural traditions after the...

, a Persian poet and thinker, is known as the founder of Iranian Studies. In his masterpiece Shahnameh
Shahnameh
The Shahnameh or Shah-nama is a long epic poem written by the Persian poet Ferdowsi between c.977 and 1010 AD and is the national epic of Iran and related societies...

, he tried extensively to address Persian culture, literature
Persian literature
Persian literature spans two-and-a-half millennia, though much of the pre-Islamic material has been lost. Its sources have been within historical Persia including present-day Iran as well as regions of Central Asia where the Persian language has historically been the national language...

, art, history and anthropology
Anthropology
Anthropology is the study of humanity. It has origins in the humanities, the natural sciences, and the social sciences. The term "anthropology" is from the Greek anthrōpos , "man", understood to mean mankind or humanity, and -logia , "discourse" or "study", and was first used in 1501 by German...

.

In the ninth century, the Persian historian Jarir e Tabari
Muhammad ibn Jarir al-Tabari
Abu Ja'far Muhammad ibn Jarir al-Tabari was a prominent and influential Sunni scholar and exegete of the Qur'an from Persia...

 made a distinct contribution to Iranian Studies with his book entitled History of the Prophets and Kings, which covers historical events till 915 AD. Tarikh-e Mas'oudi, by the Persian historian and author Abolfazl Beyhaghi
Abolfazl Beyhaghi
Abul-Fazl Bayhaqī , was a Persian historian and author.He wrote the famous work of Persian literature Tarikh-e Mas'oudi ....

 (995-1077), is one of the most creditable sources about the Ghaznavid Empire
Ghaznavid Empire
The Ghaznavids were a Persianate Muslim dynasty of Turkic slave origin which existed from 975 to 1187 and ruled much of Persia, Transoxania, and the northern parts of the Indian subcontinent. The Ghaznavid state was centered in Ghazni, a city in modern-day Afghanistan...

, and his fluent prose style has made the book considerable in Persian literature
Persian literature
Persian literature spans two-and-a-half millennia, though much of the pre-Islamic material has been lost. Its sources have been within historical Persia including present-day Iran as well as regions of Central Asia where the Persian language has historically been the national language...

, too.

The Persian historian Ata Malek Joveyni
Ata al-Mulk Juvayni
Atâ-Malek Jovayni was a Persian historian who wrote an account of the Mongol Empire entitled Ta' rīkh-i jahān-gushā .He was born in Juvain, a city in Khorasan in northeastern Iran...

 was the first of several brilliant representatives of Persian historiography who flourished during the period of Mongol domination in Iran (1220–1336). Joveyni's magnum opus, the Tarikh-i jehan-gusha, is one of the most important works of Persian historiography.http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9044037

Sharaf ad-Din Ali Yazdi
Sharaf ad-Din Ali Yazdi
Sharaf ad-Din Ali Yazdi was a 15th-century Persian historian.Little about his early life is known. As a young man he was a teacher in his native Yazd and a close companion of the Timurid ruler Shah Rukh and his son Mirza Ibrahim Sultan...

 was one of the greatest historians of 15th-century Persia. The work for which he is best known is the Zafernameh (The Book of Victory). It is a history of the Mongolian conqueror Timur (Tamerlane; 1370–1405) and was probably based on the history of the same name by Nizam ad-Din Shami, a work written at Timur's request.http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9067147?hook=165034

Iranian Studies in modern Iran

Tehran University established several Iranian studies chairs, as ancient Iranian linguistics
Iranian languages
The Iranian languages form a subfamily of the Indo-Iranian languages which in turn is a subgroup of Indo-European language family. They have been and are spoken by Iranian peoples....

 and culture, Persian literature, history and archeology. Many prominent figures held these chairs during last century such as Badiozzaman Forouzanfar
Badiozzaman Forouzanfar
Badi'ozzamān Foruzānfar was a scholar of Persian literature, Iranian linguistics and culture, and an expert on Molana Jalaleddin Balkhi and his works...

, Abdolhossein Zarrinkoub, Zabihollah Safa
Zabihollah Safa
Zabihollahhh Safa was a scholar and professor Emeritus of Iranian Studies at the University of Tehran....

, Mojtaba Minovi
Mojtaba Minovi
Mojtaba Minovi , the well-known Iranian historian, literary scholar and professor of Tehran University. he was a participant in the Ferdowsi Millenary celebrations in 1934 in Tehran.-References:...

 and Ahmad Tafazzoli
Ahmad Tafazzoli
Dr. Ahmad Tafazzoli was a prominent Persian Iranist and master of ancient Iranian literature and culture. Professor Tafazzoli was a faculty member of Tehran University....

. Shiraz University
Shiraz University
Shiraz University , formerly known as Pahlavi University, is a public university located in Shiraz, Iran. It is one of the major universities of Iran....

 also has chairs in Iranian studies and many notable figures have been conducting world class research on Iranology there (e.g. Alireza Shapour Shahbazi
Alireza Shapour Shahbazi
Alireza Shapour Shahbazi was a prominent Persian archeologist, Iranologist and a world expert on Achaemenid archeology. Alireza Shahbazi got a BA degree in and an MA degree in East Asian archeology from SOAS. Shahbazi had a doctorate degree in Achaemenid archeology from University of London...

, the world class Achaemenid archaeologist). Once Shiraz University
Shiraz University
Shiraz University , formerly known as Pahlavi University, is a public university located in Shiraz, Iran. It is one of the major universities of Iran....

 hosted the Asia institute
Asia Institute
Asia Institute, was founded in 1928 in New York under the name of the American Institute for Persian Art and Archaeology. Later, it continued its activity in Shiraz between 1965-79...

 directed by Arthur pope and hold many conferences and published books and articles on Iranian art and archeology.

Early in 20th century a huge project was started by Persian linguist and historian Ali-Akbar Dehkhoda. His encyclopedic collection is the largest comprehensive Persian dictionary ever published, in 15 volumes (26000 pages).

Iranian Studies in Europe

University of Goettingen is the pioneer of Iranian studies in the West. In 2003 the hundredth anniversary of Iranian studies Department was held at Göttingen University. Among European countries, Germany contributed most to Iranian studies and Persian studies.http://www.naghed.net/Naghd_ha/Iranistik.htm and http://naghed.net/Maghale_ha/Saadi_Simin_Iranistik_BBC_1.htm

European Iranologist Society
European Iranologist Society
Societas Iranologica Europaea runs an association of scholars working in the field of Iranian Studies based in Rome. It includes members from European, Asian, and American countries. The organization holds many international conferences and meetings in different universities and scientific centers...

 has many international meetings in its periodical conferences in different universities and scientific centers all over the world.

Iranian Studies in North America

Academic studies and instruction of Persian language were launched in the United States in 1958. Since then, Iranology departments have been founded in numerous American universities such as UCLA and Columbia University
Columbia University
Columbia University in the City of New York is a private, Ivy League university in Manhattan, New York City. Columbia is the oldest institution of higher learning in the state of New York, the fifth oldest in the United States, and one of the country's nine Colonial Colleges founded before the...

. Columbia University's Encyclopædia Iranica
Encyclopædia Iranica
Encyclopædia Iranica is a project whose goal is to create a comprehensive and authoritative English language encyclopedia about the history, culture, and civilization of Iranian peoples from prehistory to modern times...

for example, which is the most reputable source of Iranian culture, involves prominent Iranists like Richard Nelson Frye
Richard Nelson Frye
Richard Nelson Frye is an American scholar of Iranic and Central Asian Studies, and Aga Khan Professor Emeritus of Iranian Studies at Harvard University...

 and Ehsan Yarshater
Ehsan Yarshater
Ehsan Yarshater is the founder and director of The Center for Iranian Studies, and Hagop Kevorkian Professor Emeritus of Iranian Studies at Columbia University. He was the first full-time professor of Persian at a U.S. university since World War II....

. The encyclopedia remains the only precise and reliable large scale reference work on the lands, life, culture and history of all Iranian peoples
Iranian peoples
The Iranian peoples are an Indo-European ethnic-linguistic group, consisting of the speakers of Iranian languages, a major branch of the Indo-European language family, as such forming a branch of Indo-European-speaking peoples...

 and their interaction with other societies.

Other academic centers such as UT Austin operate Archnet
ArchNet
ArchNet is the world’s largest online databank of international architecture. It was developed at the University of Texas at Austin and the MIT School of Architecture and Planning in co-operation with the Aga Khan Trust for Culture...

, which is a database archiving documents pertaining to Iranian and Islamic architecture, in addition to offering PhD degrees in Persian language and culture.

Journals


Yarshater lectureship

The Yarshater lectureship is today the most prestigious honor in the field.

See also

  • Assyriology
    Assyriology
    Assyriology is the archaeological, historical, and linguistic study of ancient Mesopotamia and the related cultures that used cuneiform writing. The field covers the Akkadian sister-cultures of Assyria and Babylonia, together with their cultural predecessor; Sumer...

  • Egyptology
    Egyptology
    Egyptology is the study of ancient Egyptian history, language, literature, religion, and art from the 5th millennium BC until the end of its native religious practices in the AD 4th century. A practitioner of the discipline is an “Egyptologist”...

  • Academy of Persian Language and Literature
    Academy of Persian Language and Literature
    Iran's Academy of Persian Language and Literature is a body controlled by the Iranian government presiding over the use of the Persian language in Iran and other Persian speaking countries. The academy members are academics of Persian literature and linguistics from , , , and .- History :The...

  • Chicago's Persian heritage crisis
    Chicago's Persian heritage crisis
    Chicago's Persian heritage crisis refers to a threat to seize invaluable Persian antiquities kept at the University of Chicago by the United States federal courts and also a threat to numerous other Persian antiquities kept in the Field Museum in Chicago...

  • International rankings of Iran

List of Iranologists

(Note some of these authors have also written articles for the Encyclopædia Iranica
Encyclopædia Iranica
Encyclopædia Iranica is a project whose goal is to create a comprehensive and authoritative English language encyclopedia about the history, culture, and civilization of Iranian peoples from prehistory to modern times...

)
  • Abbas Zaryab Khoi
    Abbas Zaryab Khoi
    Abbas Zaryab was a distinguished historian, translator, literature Professor and Iranologist. He was the author of several books, including a life of Muhammad, and articles in the Persian encyclopedia , Western peer reviewed Journals as well as Iranica.-Biography:Abbas Zaryab Khoi was born in...

  • Abdolhossein Zarrinkoob
  • Afsaneh Najmabadi
    Afsaneh Najmabadi
    Afsāneh Najmābādi is an Iranian-American historian and gender theorist. She is professor of History and of Studies of Women, Gender, and Sexuality at Harvard University. At present she chairs the Committee on Degrees in Studies of Women, Gender, and Sexuality...

  • Ahmad Karimi-Hakkak
    Ahmad Karimi-Hakkak
    Ahmad Karimi-Hakkak is a Persian literary figure and Iranist.Ahmad Karimi Hakkak was Professor of Near Eastern Languages and Civilizations at the University of Washington for nineteen years. He is currently a professor and founding director of the Roshan Center for Persian Studies in the School of...

  • Ahmad Tafazzoli
    Ahmad Tafazzoli
    Dr. Ahmad Tafazzoli was a prominent Persian Iranist and master of ancient Iranian literature and culture. Professor Tafazzoli was a faculty member of Tehran University....

  • Aleksander Chodźko
    Aleksander Chodzko
    Aleksander Borejko Chodźko was a Polish poet, Slavist, and Iranologist.-Biography:He was born in Krzywicze in Russia , and attended the University of Vilnius...

  • Ali Akbar Dehkhoda
    Ali Akbar Dehkhoda
    Allameh Ali Akbar Dehkhoda was a prominent Iranian linguist, and author of the most extensive dictionary of the Persian language ever published.-Biography:...

  • Alireza Shapour Shahbazi
    Alireza Shapour Shahbazi
    Alireza Shapour Shahbazi was a prominent Persian archeologist, Iranologist and a world expert on Achaemenid archeology. Alireza Shahbazi got a BA degree in and an MA degree in East Asian archeology from SOAS. Shahbazi had a doctorate degree in Achaemenid archeology from University of London...

  • Angelo Michele Piemontese
  • August Kościesza-Żaba
    August Kosciesza-Zaba
    August Kościesza-Żaba , from coat of arms of Kościesza, was a Polish orientalist, diplomatist in Russian service. He studied Eastern languages in Saint Petersburg, Russia...

  • Azartash Azarnoush
    Azartash Azarnoush
    Azartash Azarnoush is a linguist and scholar of Iran.Born in 1937 in Qom, he holds two Ph.D degrees from France. He specializes in Arabic literature....

  • Bagher Najafi
    Bagher Najafi
    Seyyed Mohammad Bagher Najafi Shoushtari was a prominent Iranian scholar of Iranian Studies, in particular Iranian art and culture, and Islamic Studies...

  • Bert Fragner
  • Bahar Mokhtarian
  • Christoph Marcinkowski
  • Dariush Shayegan
    Dariush Shayegan
    Dariush Shayegan is one of Iran's prominent thinkers, cultural theorists and comparative philosophers.Shayegan studied at Sorbonne University in Paris...

  • David Neil MacKenzie
    David Neil MacKenzie
    David Neil MacKenzie FBA was a reputed scholar of Iranian languages.-Biography:Neil MacKenzie was born in London in 1926 and attended a succession of schools in Southern England. In 1943, aged 17, he enlisted in the British Army...

  • David Stronach
    David Stronach
    David Stronach is a Scottish archeologist of ancient Iran and Iraq. He is currently a professor at the University of California, Berkeley.Stronach is a leading Western expert on the city of Pasargadae. He obtained an Master of Arts from Cambridge University in 1958. In the 1960s and 1970s he was...

  • Dick Davis
  • Ebrahim Poordavood
    Ebrahim Poordavood
    Ebrāhim Pourdāvoud , was born in Rasht, Iran, to a mother who was the daughter of a clergyman and a father who was a reputable merchant and landlord. He is one of the most formidable scholars of Iran during the 20th century. Pourdavoud translated Avesta into Persian in six volumes...

  • Edward Granville Browne
    Edward Granville Browne
    Edward Granville Browne , born in Stouts Hill, Uley, Gloucestershire, England, was a British orientalist who published numerous articles and books of academic value, mainly in the areas of history and literature...

  • Ehsan Yarshater
    Ehsan Yarshater
    Ehsan Yarshater is the founder and director of The Center for Iranian Studies, and Hagop Kevorkian Professor Emeritus of Iranian Studies at Columbia University. He was the first full-time professor of Persian at a U.S. university since World War II....

  • Elton L. Daniel
    Elton L. Daniel
    Elton L. Daniel, Ph.D., is a historian and Iranologist.A professor at the University of Hawaii, he received his doctorate from UT Austin. Elton Daniel is an associate editor of Encyclopædia Iranica, and has conducted research and traveled extensively in Iran, Turkey, Syria, Egypt, France, and the...

  • Ernst Herzfeld
    Ernst Herzfeld
    Ernst Emil Herzfeld was a German archaeologist and Iranologist.-Life:Herzfeld was born in Celle, Province of Hanover...

  • Fazlollah Pakzad Soraki
  • Gherardo Gnoli
  • Harold Walter Bailey
    Harold Walter Bailey
    Sir Harold Walter Bailey , who published as H. W. Bailey, was an eminent English scholar of Khotanese, Sanskrit, and the comparative study of Iranian languages....

  • Henry Corbin
    Henry Corbin
    Henry Corbin was a philosopher, theologian and professor of Islamic Studies at the Sorbonne in Paris, France.Corbin was born in Paris in April 1903. As a boy he revealed the profound sensitivity to music so evident in his work...

  • Iraj Afshar Yazdi
  • Jalal Matini
    Jalal Matini
    Jalal Matini is a scholar of Persian literature, particularly the epic Shahnameh by Ferdowsi, and Iranian studies. He is also known for producing the critical edition of the Kush Nama....

  • Jerry Clinton
    Jerry Clinton
    Jerome Wright Clinton was a Ferdowsi scholar and Professor of Persian language and literature at Princeton University...

  • Johnny Cheung
  • Josef Wiesehöfer
    Josef Wiesehöfer
    Josef Wiesehöfer is a German classical scholar and current professor of Ancient history at the Department of Classics of the University of Kiel...

  • Kaveh Farrokh
  • Khosrow Naghed
  • Mary Boyce
    Mary Boyce
    Nora Elisabeth Mary Boyce was a British scholar of Iranian languages, and an authority on Zoroastrianism...

  • Mehdi Mohaghegh
    Mehdi Mohaghegh
    Mehdi Mohaghegh, sometimes alternately transliterated Mahdi Muhaqqiq, is an Iranian scholar specializing in Persian literature, Islamic studies and philosophy....

  • Mehrdad Bahar
    Mehrdad Bahar
    Mehrdād Bahār was a prominent Iranist, linguist, mythologist and Persian historian.Mehrdad Bahar, was the youngest son of Persian poet Mohammad Taghi Bahar. He held a PhD degree in Persian literature and Ancient Iranian languages from Tehran University...

  • Meysam Shokripour
  • Mohammad-Amin Riahi
    Mohammad-Amin Riahi
    Mohammad-Amin Riahi was a prominent Iranian literary scholar of Persian literature, a historian, writer and statemens. Apart from being one of the authors of Dehkhoda Dictionary and Encyclopædia Iranica, he was the author and editor of several well-known scholarly books...

  • Nasser Takmil Homayoun
    Nasser Takmil Homayoun
    Nasser Takmil Homayoun is an Iranian historian.He received two PhDs, one in history and another in Sociology from the Sorbonne in France....

  • Nicholas Sims-Williams
    Nicholas Sims-Williams
    Nicholas Sims-Williams is a professor of the School of Oriental and African Studies , University of London, where he is the Research Professor of Iranian and Central Asian Studies at the Department of the Languages and Cultures of Near and Middle East. Sims-Williams is a scholar who specializes in...

  • Nora Elisabeth Mary Boyce
  • Parviz Varjavand
    Parviz Varjavand
    Parviz Varjavand was a notable Iranian archaeologist, researcher, university professor and politician who was a prominent member of Iran National Front . -Early and political carrer:...

  • Pierre Briant
    Pierre Briant
    Pierre Briant is a French Iranologist, Professor of History and Civilisation of the Achaemenid World and the Empire of Alexander the Great at the Collège de France , Doctor Honoris Causa at the University of Chicago, and founder of the website achemenet.com.He studied History at the University of...

  • Ralph Groves
  • Reynold A. Nicholson
    Reynold A. Nicholson
    Reynold Alleyne Nicholson, or R. A. Nicholson, was an eminent English orientalist, scholar of both Islamic literature and Islamic mysticism, and widely regarded as one of the greatest Rumi scholars and translators in the English language.-Life:Son of paleontologist Henry Alleyne Nicholson,...

  • Richard Bulliet
    Richard Bulliet
    Richard W. Bulliet is a professor of history at Columbia University who specializes in the history of Islamic society and institutions, the history of technology, and the history of the role of animals in human society.-Early life and education:...

  • Richard Foltz
    Richard Foltz
    Richard Foltz is a Canadian scholar of American origin. He is a specialist in the history of Iran and the history of religions, particularly Islam and Zoroastrianism...

  • Richard Nelson Frye
    Richard Nelson Frye
    Richard Nelson Frye is an American scholar of Iranic and Central Asian Studies, and Aga Khan Professor Emeritus of Iranian Studies at Harvard University...

  • Roman Ghirshman
    Roman Ghirshman
    Roman Ghirshman was a Ukrainian-born French archeologist who specialized in ancient Iran.A native of Kharkiv, Ghirshman moved to Paris in 1917 to study Archeology and Ancient Languages...

  • Sayyed Hassan Taqizadeh
  • Shahrokh Meskoob
    Shahrokh Meskoob
    Shahrokh Meskoob , was an outstanding Iranian writer, translator, scholar and University professor. He had been living in Paris, France for twenty years.-Works:...

  • Sir Henry Rawlinson
  • Touraj Daryaee
    Touraj Daryaee
    Touraj Daryaee is a contemporary Persian Iranologist and historian.His elementary and secondary schooling was in Tehran, Iran and Athens, Greece. Daryaee took his Ph.D. in History at the University of California, Los Angeles in 1999...

  • Vladimir Fedorovich Minorsky
    Vladimir Fedorovich Minorsky
    Vladimir Fedorovich Minorsky was a Russian Orientalist best known for his contributions to Kurdish and Persian history, geography, literature, and culture.-Life and career:...

  • Warwick Ball
    Warwick Ball
    Warwick Ball is an Australian born Near Eastern archeologist.In the past 30 years, Ball has mainly excavated in Jordan, Iran, Iraq, Syria, and Afghanistan.Ball was formerly director of excavations at The British School of Archaeology in Iraq....

  • William Chittick
    William Chittick
    William C. Chittick is a leading translator and interpreter of classical Islamic philosophical and mystical texts. He is best known for his groundbreaking work on Rumi and Ibn 'Arabi, and has written extensively on the school of Ibn 'Arabi, Islamic philosophy, Shi'ism, and Islamic...

  • Zabihollah Safa
    Zabihollah Safa
    Zabihollahhh Safa was a scholar and professor Emeritus of Iranian Studies at the University of Tehran....


External links

The source of this article is wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.  The text of this article is licensed under the GFDL.
 
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