International Arbiter
Encyclopedia
In chess
, International Arbiter is a title awarded by FIDE to individuals deemed capable of acting as arbiter in important chess matches (the arbiters are responsible for ensuring the rules and laws of chess are adhered to). The title was established in 1951.
Requirements for the title to be awarded are detailed in section B.05 of the FIDE Handbook. As well as thorough knowledge of the laws of chess
and a proved impartiality, they include the ability to speak a FIDE-approved language and previous experience as arbiter in important tournaments.The FIDE World Chess Federation displays the list of International Arbiters with their ID numbers, name, and title on its official web site.
Some individuals have had careers as strong players and later become International Arbiters. Notable examples include:
Chess
Chess is a two-player board game played on a chessboard, a square-checkered board with 64 squares arranged in an eight-by-eight grid. It is one of the world's most popular games, played by millions of people worldwide at home, in clubs, online, by correspondence, and in tournaments.Each player...
, International Arbiter is a title awarded by FIDE to individuals deemed capable of acting as arbiter in important chess matches (the arbiters are responsible for ensuring the rules and laws of chess are adhered to). The title was established in 1951.
Requirements for the title to be awarded are detailed in section B.05 of the FIDE Handbook. As well as thorough knowledge of the laws of chess
Rules of chess
The rules of chess are rules governing the play of the game of chess. While the exact origins of chess are unclear, modern rules first took form during the Middle Ages. The rules continued to be slightly modified until the early 19th century, when they reached essentially their current form. The...
and a proved impartiality, they include the ability to speak a FIDE-approved language and previous experience as arbiter in important tournaments.The FIDE World Chess Federation displays the list of International Arbiters with their ID numbers, name, and title on its official web site.
Some individuals have had careers as strong players and later become International Arbiters. Notable examples include:
- Albéric O'Kelly de GalwayAlbéric O'Kelly de GalwayAlbéric O'Kelly de Galway was a Belgian chess Grandmaster , and an International Correspondence Chess Grandmaster , most famous for being the third ICCF World Champion in correspondence chess between 1959 and 1962. He was also a chess writer...
, Grandmaster who was third correspondence chessCorrespondence chessCorrespondence chess is chess played by various forms of long-distance correspondence, usually through a correspondence chess server, through email or by the postal system; less common methods which have been employed include fax and homing pigeon...
world champion before becoming an International Arbiter in 1962 and acting as Chief Arbiter at the 1966World Chess Championship 1966The 1966 World Chess Championship was played between Tigran Petrosian and Boris Spassky in Moscow from April 9 to June 9, 1966. Petrosian won.-Qualification:-The World Championship match:The match was played as best of 24 games...
and 1969World Chess Championship 1969The 1969 World Chess Championship was played between Tigran Petrosian and Boris Spassky in Moscow from April 14 to June 17, 1969. Spassky won.-Qualification:...
over-the-board World ChampionshipWorld Chess ChampionshipThe World Chess Championship is played to determine the World Champion in the board game chess. Men and women of any age are eligible to contest this title....
matches; - Lothar SchmidLothar SchmidLothar Maximilian Lorenz Schmid is a German chess grandmaster who was born in Dresden. He is best known as the arbiter of several World Chess Championship matches...
, Grandmaster who finished joint second with the then World Champion Tigran PetrosianTigran PetrosianTigran Vartanovich Petrosian was a Soviet-Armenian grandmaster, and World Chess Champion from 1963 to 1969. He was nicknamed "Iron Tigran" due to his playing style because of his almost impenetrable defence, which emphasised safety above all else...
at Bamberg 1968 and was also a strong correspondence player before becoming an International Arbiter in 1975 and acting as Chief Arbiter in the 1972, 1978World Chess Championship 1978The 1978 World Chess Championship was played between Anatoly Karpov and Viktor Korchnoi in Baguio City, Philippines from July 18 to October 18, 1978. Karpov won.- Qualification :...
, and 1986 World ChampionshipWorld Chess Championship 1986The 1986 World Chess Championship was played between Anatoly Karpov and Garry Kasparov in London and Leningrad from July 28 to October 8, 1986. Kasparov won. Anatoly Karpov was already assured of this rematch during his previous year's match which was won by Garry Kasparov.-Results:The match was...
matches. - Gideon StåhlbergGideon StåhlbergAnders Gideon Tom Ståhlberg was a Swedish chess grandmaster.He won the Swedish Chess Championship of 1927, became Nordic champion in 1929, and held it until 1939....
, Grandmaster who was SwedenSwedenSweden , officially the Kingdom of Sweden , is a Nordic country on the Scandinavian Peninsula in Northern Europe. Sweden borders with Norway and Finland and is connected to Denmark by a bridge-tunnel across the Öresund....
's top player for many years and refereed several of Mikhail BotvinnikMikhail BotvinnikMikhail Moiseyevich Botvinnik, Ph.D. was a Soviet and Russian International Grandmaster and three-time World Chess Champion. Working as an electrical engineer and computer scientist at the same time, he was one of the very few famous chess players who achieved distinction in another career while...
's world championship matches.