Interleukin 35
Encyclopedia
Interleukin 35 is an IL-12
family cytokine that is produced by regulatory
, but not effector, T cells and plays a role in immune suppression. It is a dimeric protein composed of IL-12α
and IL-27β
chains, which are encoded by two separate gene
s called IL12A
and EBI3
, respectively. Secreted by regulatory T cells (Tregs), IL-35 suppresses inflammatory responses
of immune cells. Studies in mice show the absence of either IL-35 chain from regulatory Tregs reduces the cells' ability to suppress inflammation; this has been observed during cell culture
experiments and using an experimental model for inflammatory bowel disease
. To produce its suppressive effects, IL-35 has selective activities on different T cell subsets; it induces proliferation
of Treg cell populations but reduces activity of Th17 cell
populations.
Interleukin 12
Interleukin 12 is an interleukin that is naturally produced by dendritic cells, macrophages and human B-lymphoblastoid cells in response to antigenic stimulation.-Gene and structure:...
family cytokine that is produced by regulatory
Regulatory T cell
Regulatory T cells , sometimes known as suppressor T cells, are a specialized subpopulation of T cells which suppresses activation of the immune system and thereby maintains tolerance to self-antigens. The existence of regulatory T cells was the subject of significant controversy among...
, but not effector, T cells and plays a role in immune suppression. It is a dimeric protein composed of IL-12α
Interleukin 12
Interleukin 12 is an interleukin that is naturally produced by dendritic cells, macrophages and human B-lymphoblastoid cells in response to antigenic stimulation.-Gene and structure:...
and IL-27β
Interleukin 27
Interleukin-27 is a heterodimeric cytokine belonging to the IL-12 family that is composed of two subunits, Epstein-Barr virus -induced gene 3 and IL27-p28 ....
chains, which are encoded by two separate gene
Gene
A gene is a molecular unit of heredity of a living organism. It is a name given to some stretches of DNA and RNA that code for a type of protein or for an RNA chain that has a function in the organism. Living beings depend on genes, as they specify all proteins and functional RNA chains...
s called IL12A
IL12A
Interleukin-12 subunit alpha is a protein that in humans is encoded by the IL12A gene.-Further reading:...
and EBI3
EBI3
Epstein-Barr virus induced gene 3, also known as EBI3, is a protein which in humans is encoded by the EBI3 gene.- Function :This gene was identified by the induction of its expression in B lymphocytes by Epstein-Barr virus infection...
, respectively. Secreted by regulatory T cells (Tregs), IL-35 suppresses inflammatory responses
Inflammation
Inflammation is part of the complex biological response of vascular tissues to harmful stimuli, such as pathogens, damaged cells, or irritants. Inflammation is a protective attempt by the organism to remove the injurious stimuli and to initiate the healing process...
of immune cells. Studies in mice show the absence of either IL-35 chain from regulatory Tregs reduces the cells' ability to suppress inflammation; this has been observed during cell culture
Cell culture
Cell culture is the complex process by which cells are grown under controlled conditions. In practice, the term "cell culture" has come to refer to the culturing of cells derived from singlecellular eukaryotes, especially animal cells. However, there are also cultures of plants, fungi and microbes,...
experiments and using an experimental model for inflammatory bowel disease
Inflammatory bowel disease
In medicine, inflammatory bowel disease is a group of inflammatory conditions of the colon and small intestine. The major types of IBD are Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis.-Classification:...
. To produce its suppressive effects, IL-35 has selective activities on different T cell subsets; it induces proliferation
Cell growth
The term cell growth is used in the contexts of cell development and cell division . When used in the context of cell division, it refers to growth of cell populations, where one cell grows and divides to produce two "daughter cells"...
of Treg cell populations but reduces activity of Th17 cell
T helper 17 cell
T helper 17 cells are a subset of T helper cells producing interleukin 17 discovered in 2007. They are considered developmentally distinct from Th1 and Th2 cells and excessive amounts of the cell are thought to play a key role in autoimmune disease such as multiple sclerosis , but also...
populations.