Interleukin-3 receptor
Encyclopedia
The interleukin-3 receptor (also known as CD123 antigen) is a molecule found on cells which helps transmit the signal of interleukin-3, a soluble cytokine
important in the immune system
.
The gene
coding for the receptor is located in the pseudoautosomal region
of the X
and Y chromosome
s.
The receptor belongs to the type I cytokine receptor
family and is a heterodimer with a unique alpha chain paired with the common beta (beta c or CDw131) subunit.
The gene for the alpha subunit is 40 kilobases long and has 12 exon
s.
The receptor, found on pluripotent progenitor cells, induces tyrosine
phosphorylation
within the cell and promotes proliferation and differentiation within the hematopoietic cell lines.
Cytokine
Cytokines are small cell-signaling protein molecules that are secreted by the glial cells of the nervous system and by numerous cells of the immune system and are a category of signaling molecules used extensively in intercellular communication...
important in the immune system
Immune system
An immune system is a system of biological structures and processes within an organism that protects against disease by identifying and killing pathogens and tumor cells. It detects a wide variety of agents, from viruses to parasitic worms, and needs to distinguish them from the organism's own...
.
The gene
Gene
A gene is a molecular unit of heredity of a living organism. It is a name given to some stretches of DNA and RNA that code for a type of protein or for an RNA chain that has a function in the organism. Living beings depend on genes, as they specify all proteins and functional RNA chains...
coding for the receptor is located in the pseudoautosomal region
Pseudoautosomal region
The pseudoautosomal regions, PAR1 and PAR2 are homologous sequences of nucleotides on the X and Y chromosomes.The pseudoautosomal regions get their name because any genes located within them are inherited just like any autosomal genes...
of the X
X chromosome
The X chromosome is one of the two sex-determining chromosomes in many animal species, including mammals and is common in both males and females. It is a part of the XY sex-determination system and X0 sex-determination system...
and Y chromosome
Y chromosome
The Y chromosome is one of the two sex-determining chromosomes in most mammals, including humans. In mammals, it contains the gene SRY, which triggers testis development if present. The human Y chromosome is composed of about 60 million base pairs...
s.
The receptor belongs to the type I cytokine receptor
Type I cytokine receptor
Type I cytokine receptors are transmembrane receptors expressed on the surface of cells that recognize and respond to cytokines with four α-helical strands. These receptors are also known under the name hemopoietin receptors, and share a common amino acid motif in the extracellular portion...
family and is a heterodimer with a unique alpha chain paired with the common beta (beta c or CDw131) subunit.
The gene for the alpha subunit is 40 kilobases long and has 12 exon
Exon
An exon is a nucleic acid sequence that is represented in the mature form of an RNA molecule either after portions of a precursor RNA have been removed by cis-splicing or when two or more precursor RNA molecules have been ligated by trans-splicing. The mature RNA molecule can be a messenger RNA...
s.
The receptor, found on pluripotent progenitor cells, induces tyrosine
Tyrosine
Tyrosine or 4-hydroxyphenylalanine, is one of the 22 amino acids that are used by cells to synthesize proteins. Its codons are UAC and UAU. It is a non-essential amino acid with a polar side group...
phosphorylation
Phosphorylation
Phosphorylation is the addition of a phosphate group to a protein or other organic molecule. Phosphorylation activates or deactivates many protein enzymes....
within the cell and promotes proliferation and differentiation within the hematopoietic cell lines.