Indian Will
Encyclopedia
Indian Will is a well-known Native American
who lived in a former settlement of the Shawnee Indians
at the site of prevent day Cumberland, Maryland
in the 18th century. This site was abandoned by the Shawnee's prior to the first white settlers arriving in the region, however 'Indian Will' stayed behind living in a hut on the mountain side. Will was a local legend in his time, and he is even credited with the original ownership of the present day Wills Creek
and Wills Mountain
.
According to Lowdermilk, Will was a full blooded Indian, who with family and a few followers remained in the land of their forefathers despite the approach of the white man did not remove their wigwam
s, but received their strange visitors with a kindly greeting, and lived in intimate friendship with them'.
Will's home was in a small cove about three miles (5 km) from the mouth of the stream that bears his name. It was close to the rocky formation west of Cumberland known as the 'Devil's ladder'. It is also recorded that he had an Indian friend known as Eve. We could find no further reference to her.
Governor Bladen
of Maryland persuaded Col. Thomas Cresap to survey the land in that area named 'Will's Town'. Apparently Will's claims to ownership of this land were respected. When the early explorers decided to build a cabin here they never failed to give the Indian some trifle as a pretended compensation for the land.
As more cabins were built, the place customarily became known as Will's Creek' as early as 1728. However on a map drawn in 1751, Wills Creek is marked as 'Caructucue Creek', and was known by no other name amongst the Indians. Over the years the original name for this stream, which originates in Bedford County
, has been lost. The creek and mountain, which begins at Cumberland and ends a few miles north west of Bedford, have been known as Wills Creek and Wills Mountain.
There seems to be some variation in the date of Will's death. Loudermilk's History states 'the date of death is not definitely known, but that event is supposed to have occurred about the close of the Revolutionary War
or shortly thereafter'. In our own history of Bedford County, it is stated that sometime around 1758 a group of Indians made a raid in the section north east of Wills Creek in an area which we now know as Southampton Township
in Bedford County. A number of settlers were massacred and a number of women and children taken prisoner. Apparently one member of this raiding party was Will. The Indians with their prisoners stopped for a short time at the southern tip of Wills Mountain to rest and to hold council.
A posse of neighbors and relatives took up the pursuit hoping they might rescue the prisoners. When the Indians and prisoners were discovered the posse did not attack as they found the Indians outnumbered them. Therefore they played a waiting game to see what the Indians intended to do. When the Indians broke council they started westward. One Indian did not go with them. No one knows why. Was it that he wanted to try to learn what further plans the whites had intended to take, or was it because he had no desire to leave the mountain, valleys and streams that were his home and loved so much?
Several members of the posse followed the main party of Indians and their prisoners. George Powell, who was one of the posse, vowed he would avenge the death of his neighbor Mrs. Perrin and her baby. (Mrs. Perrin, history states was a sister of Ray who had the first trading post here at Bedford). Powell silently followed the foot steps of the Indian along the crest of the mountain. He finally located his quarry on the highest northern part of the mountain. This point was less than two miles (3 km) west of Fort Bedford
. Powell shot and killed the Indian. He discovered he had killed the man known as Will. He buried his body on the mountain at a place known as Will's Knob which is still pointed out to those who are curious enough to look and ponder a moment as they drive along Route 31 a short distance south of the Old Forks Inn (This Inn was located 4 miles (6.4 km) west of Bedford, Pennsylvania
at the junction of U.S. 30 and PA 31, Napier Township, Pennsylvania
).
Will left several children to survive him. They are reported to have intermarried with white settlers and their descendants lived near the Pennsylvania State line on Wills Creek as late as 1810.
According to a story repeated many times to visitors in his antique shop on East Pitt Street, by one of our late historians 'Judge' Davidson, several men came to Bedford, Maryland from Baltimore, Maryland, sometime in the mid-19th century and with the help of a local person, they located Will's grave and excavated his skeleton. Its dimensions indicated this Indian was an unusually large man. Their excuse for taking the remains was to make a scientific study of the skeleton. If such a study was ever made, no report ever reached the people of Bedford.
Researching on the background of the Shawnee and Delaware tribes
, we found that an advance party of Shawnee came into Pennsylvania and settled along the Delaware River in 1692. They came here from Kentucky and Tennessee with permission from the province of Pennsylvania and the Iroquois confederacy
. The Delaware were settled in this area especially in the eastern part long before the Shawnee came here.
A Pennsylvania map of Indian tribes for the period of about 1725 shows the Shawnee now located in the east, southeast and south central areas while the Delaware were also in the east, central and southwestern and western parts of the state. Therefore Indian Will could have been born in either tribe. He could have also been a descendant of one of the tribes who lived in the Potomac Valley.
Native Americans in the United States
Native Americans in the United States are the indigenous peoples in North America within the boundaries of the present-day continental United States, parts of Alaska, and the island state of Hawaii. They are composed of numerous, distinct tribes, states, and ethnic groups, many of which survive as...
who lived in a former settlement of the Shawnee Indians
Shawnee
The Shawnee, Shaawanwaki, Shaawanooki and Shaawanowi lenaweeki, are an Algonquian-speaking people native to North America. Historically they inhabited the areas of Ohio, Virginia, West Virginia, Western Maryland, Kentucky, Indiana, and Pennsylvania...
at the site of prevent day Cumberland, Maryland
Cumberland, Maryland
Cumberland is a city in the far western, Appalachian portion of Maryland, United States. It is the county seat of Allegany County, and the primary city of the Cumberland, MD-WV Metropolitan Statistical Area. At the 2010 census, the city had a population of 20,859, and the metropolitan area had a...
in the 18th century. This site was abandoned by the Shawnee's prior to the first white settlers arriving in the region, however 'Indian Will' stayed behind living in a hut on the mountain side. Will was a local legend in his time, and he is even credited with the original ownership of the present day Wills Creek
Wills Creek (North Branch Potomac River)
Wills Creek is a tributary of the North Branch Potomac River in Pennsylvania and Maryland in the United States.Wills Creek drops off the Allegheny Mountains of southeastern Somerset County, Pennsylvania, and enters the North Branch Potomac River at Cumberland, Maryland.-History:thumb|220px|Fort...
and Wills Mountain
Wills Mountain
Wills Mountain is a quartzite-capped ridge in the Ridge and Valley physiographic province of the Appalachian Mountains in Pennsylvania and Maryland, USA, extending from near Bedford, Pennsylvania to near Cumberland, Maryland...
.
According to Lowdermilk, Will was a full blooded Indian, who with family and a few followers remained in the land of their forefathers despite the approach of the white man did not remove their wigwam
Wigwam
A wigwam or wickiup is a domed room dwelling used by certain Native American tribes. The term wickiup is generally used to label these kinds of dwellings in American Southwest and West. Wigwam is usually applied to these structures in the American Northeast...
s, but received their strange visitors with a kindly greeting, and lived in intimate friendship with them'.
Will's home was in a small cove about three miles (5 km) from the mouth of the stream that bears his name. It was close to the rocky formation west of Cumberland known as the 'Devil's ladder'. It is also recorded that he had an Indian friend known as Eve. We could find no further reference to her.
Governor Bladen
Thomas Bladen
Sir Thomas Bladen was a politician and colonial governor. He served as the 19th Proprietary Governor of Maryland from 1742 to 1747.-Early life and marriage:...
of Maryland persuaded Col. Thomas Cresap to survey the land in that area named 'Will's Town'. Apparently Will's claims to ownership of this land were respected. When the early explorers decided to build a cabin here they never failed to give the Indian some trifle as a pretended compensation for the land.
As more cabins were built, the place customarily became known as Will's Creek' as early as 1728. However on a map drawn in 1751, Wills Creek is marked as 'Caructucue Creek', and was known by no other name amongst the Indians. Over the years the original name for this stream, which originates in Bedford County
Bedford County, Pennsylvania
Bedford County is a county located in the U.S. state of Pennsylvania. As of the 2010 census, the population was 49,762. The county seat is Bedford. It is part of the Altoona, Pennsylvania, Metropolitan Statistical Area.- History :...
, has been lost. The creek and mountain, which begins at Cumberland and ends a few miles north west of Bedford, have been known as Wills Creek and Wills Mountain.
There seems to be some variation in the date of Will's death. Loudermilk's History states 'the date of death is not definitely known, but that event is supposed to have occurred about the close of the Revolutionary War
American Revolutionary War
The American Revolutionary War , the American War of Independence, or simply the Revolutionary War, began as a war between the Kingdom of Great Britain and thirteen British colonies in North America, and ended in a global war between several European great powers.The war was the result of the...
or shortly thereafter'. In our own history of Bedford County, it is stated that sometime around 1758 a group of Indians made a raid in the section north east of Wills Creek in an area which we now know as Southampton Township
Southampton Township, Bedford County, Pennsylvania
Southampton Township is a township in Bedford County, Pennsylvania, United States. The population was 1,010 at the 2000 census.-History:The Hewitt Covered Bridge was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.-Geography:...
in Bedford County. A number of settlers were massacred and a number of women and children taken prisoner. Apparently one member of this raiding party was Will. The Indians with their prisoners stopped for a short time at the southern tip of Wills Mountain to rest and to hold council.
A posse of neighbors and relatives took up the pursuit hoping they might rescue the prisoners. When the Indians and prisoners were discovered the posse did not attack as they found the Indians outnumbered them. Therefore they played a waiting game to see what the Indians intended to do. When the Indians broke council they started westward. One Indian did not go with them. No one knows why. Was it that he wanted to try to learn what further plans the whites had intended to take, or was it because he had no desire to leave the mountain, valleys and streams that were his home and loved so much?
Several members of the posse followed the main party of Indians and their prisoners. George Powell, who was one of the posse, vowed he would avenge the death of his neighbor Mrs. Perrin and her baby. (Mrs. Perrin, history states was a sister of Ray who had the first trading post here at Bedford). Powell silently followed the foot steps of the Indian along the crest of the mountain. He finally located his quarry on the highest northern part of the mountain. This point was less than two miles (3 km) west of Fort Bedford
Fort Bedford
Fort Bedford was a French and Indian War-era British military fortification located at the present site of Bedford, Pennsylvania. The fort was a star-shaped log fortress erected in the summer of 1758.-Background:...
. Powell shot and killed the Indian. He discovered he had killed the man known as Will. He buried his body on the mountain at a place known as Will's Knob which is still pointed out to those who are curious enough to look and ponder a moment as they drive along Route 31 a short distance south of the Old Forks Inn (This Inn was located 4 miles (6.4 km) west of Bedford, Pennsylvania
Bedford, Pennsylvania
Bedford is a borough in Bedford County, Pennsylvania, west of the State Capital, Harrisburg. It is the county seat of Bedford County. Bedford was established in the mid-18th century. Population counts follow: 1890, 2,242; 1900, 2,167; 1910, 2,385. The population was 3,141 at the 2000...
at the junction of U.S. 30 and PA 31, Napier Township, Pennsylvania
Napier Township, Pennsylvania
Napier Township is a township in Bedford County, Pennsylvania, United States. The population was 2,145 at the 2000 census.-History:The Heirline Covered Bridge and New Paris Covered Bridge were listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980...
).
Will left several children to survive him. They are reported to have intermarried with white settlers and their descendants lived near the Pennsylvania State line on Wills Creek as late as 1810.
According to a story repeated many times to visitors in his antique shop on East Pitt Street, by one of our late historians 'Judge' Davidson, several men came to Bedford, Maryland from Baltimore, Maryland, sometime in the mid-19th century and with the help of a local person, they located Will's grave and excavated his skeleton. Its dimensions indicated this Indian was an unusually large man. Their excuse for taking the remains was to make a scientific study of the skeleton. If such a study was ever made, no report ever reached the people of Bedford.
Researching on the background of the Shawnee and Delaware tribes
Lenape
The Lenape are an Algonquian group of Native Americans of the Northeastern Woodlands. They are also called Delaware Indians. As a result of the American Revolutionary War and later Indian removals from the eastern United States, today the main groups live in Canada, where they are enrolled in the...
, we found that an advance party of Shawnee came into Pennsylvania and settled along the Delaware River in 1692. They came here from Kentucky and Tennessee with permission from the province of Pennsylvania and the Iroquois confederacy
Iroquois
The Iroquois , also known as the Haudenosaunee or the "People of the Longhouse", are an association of several tribes of indigenous people of North America...
. The Delaware were settled in this area especially in the eastern part long before the Shawnee came here.
A Pennsylvania map of Indian tribes for the period of about 1725 shows the Shawnee now located in the east, southeast and south central areas while the Delaware were also in the east, central and southwestern and western parts of the state. Therefore Indian Will could have been born in either tribe. He could have also been a descendant of one of the tribes who lived in the Potomac Valley.