The list of Turkmenistan

Turkmenistan

Turkmenistan , formerly also known as Turkmenia is one of the Turkic states in Central Asia. Until 1991, it was a constituent republic of the Soviet Union, the Turkmen Soviet Socialist Republic . Turkmenistan is one of the six independent Turkic states...

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Geography

Amu Darya

Amu Darya

The Amu Darya , also called Oxus and Amu River, is a major river in Central Asia. It is formed by the junction of the Vakhsh and Panj rivers...

 - Atrek

Atrek

The Atrek is a fast-moving river which begins in the mountains of Northeastern Iran , and flows westward draining into the southeastern corner of the Caspian Sea in Turkmenistan...

 - Ayrybaba

Aýrybaba

Aýrybaba is a mountain in Central Asia. At Aýrybaba is the highest mountain in Turkmenistan. It is located in the Köýtendag Range of the Pamir-Alay chain in the southeast of Turkmenistan on the Uzbekistan border....

 - Caspian Sea

Caspian Sea

The Caspian Sea is the largest enclosed body of water on Earth by area, variously classed as the world's largest lake or a full-fledged sea. The sea has a surface area of and a volume of...

 - Climate of Turkmenistan - Environmental issues in Turkmenistan

Environmental issues in Turkmenistan

Environmental issues in Turkmenistan are most visible in three significant areas: desertification, the drying of the Aral Sea, and chemical pollution. All three of these areas are directly linked to agricultural practices in the country....

 - Gora Arlan - Karakum Desert

Karakum Desert

The Karakum Desert, also spelled Kara-Kum and Gara Gum is a desert in Central Asia. It occupies about 70 percent, or 350,000 km², of the area of Turkmenistan....

 - Kopet Dag

Kopet Dag

The Kopet Dag, Kopet Dagh, or Koppeh Dagh , also known as the Turkmen-Khorasan Mountain Range is a mountain range on the frontier between Turkmenistan and Iran, extending about 650 km along the border, east of the Caspian Sea. The highest peak of the range in Turkmenistan is southwest of the...

 - Köýtendag Range - List of lakes in Turkmenistan - List of mountains of Turkmenistan - Murghab - List of rivers of Turkmenistan - Tejen

Tejen

Tejen is an oasis city in the Karakum Desert, in Ahal Province of Turkmenistan. It is located at latitude 37.3786 North; longitude 60.4961 East at an altitude of 161 meters...

 - Turan Depression

Turan Depression

The Turan Depression, Turan Lowland or Turanian Basin is a low-lying desert basin region stretching from southern Turkmenistan through Uzbekistan to Kazakhstan. The lowland region lies to the east of the Caspian Sea and southeast of the Aral Sea in the vast Aral–Caspian Depression but extends to...

Cities

Anew (Anau)

Anau

Anau , Turkmenistan, capital of Ahal Province, is a city 8 kilometers southeast of Ashgabat which is connected via the M37 highway. Traces of habitation in the area date back to 3000 B.C....

 - Akdepe

Akdepe

Akdepe is a town and capital of Akdepe District in the Daşoguz Province of Turkmenistan....

 - Aşgabat (Poltoratsk)

Asgabat

Ashgabat or formerly Poltoratsk between 1919–1927) is the capital and largest city of Turkmenistan, a country in Central Asia. It has a population of 695,300 , 2009 estimates around 1 million people in Ashgabat, and is situated between the Kara Kum desert and the Kopet Dag mountain range...

 - Balkanabat (Nebit-dag)

Balkanabat

Balkanabat , formerly Nebit Dag, is a city in western Turkmenistan, and the capital of Balkan Province. It is located at , at an altitude of 17 meters, some 400 kilometers from Ashgabat. As of 2006, the city had an estimated population of 87,822. Balkanabat lies at the foot of the Balkan...

 - Baýramaly

Baýramaly

Baýramaly is a city of Turkmenistan, a seat of Baýramaly District within Mary Province. It lies about 27 km east of the provincial capital Mary, along the main railway line from Ashgabat to Tashkent. In 2009, it had a population estimated at 88,486 .The city is located in a dry oasis in the Murgab...

 - Bäherden

Bäherden

Baharly is a town and seat of Baharly District in south-western Turkmenistan in Ahal Province. It lies on the northern rim of the Kopet Dag mountain range, south-west of the town of Archman....

 - Bereket (Gazandzhyk)

Bereket

Bereket is a city in south-western Turkmenistan in Balkan Province. It lies approximately equal distance from Gumdag and Gyzylarbat to the south-east....

 - Darganata

Darganata

Darganata is a town and capital of Birata District in the Lebap Province of Turkmenistan....

 - Daşoguz

Dasoguz

Daşoguz , formerly known as Tashauz , is a city in northern Turkmenistan and the capital of Daşoguz Province.-Geography:...

 - Esenguly - Garabogaz (Bekdaş) - Gumdag

Gumdag

Gumdag is a city in south-western Turkmenistan in Balkan Province. It is south of Balkanabat....

 - Hazar (Çeleken)

Hazar, Turkmenistan

Hazar is a city in Turkmenistan on the Caspian Sea, part of the Balkan Province, formerly Çeleken, also written Cheleken.-Petroleum:This city and area is within a rich petroleum oil reserves. As far back as 1st century, the Greek philosopher Strabo said, "They say, diggers opened oily springs near...

 - Kerki

Kerki

Kerki is a town in eastern Turkmenistan. It is located in Lebap Province.Nearby towns and villages include Atamyrat , Mukry , Amyderya , Surkhi and Kiikchi .....

 - Kunya Urgench

Kunya Urgench

Konye-Urgench also known as Konya-Urgench, Old Urgench or Urganj, is a municipality of about 30,000 inhabitants in north-eastern Turkmenistan, just south from its border with Uzbekistan. It is the site of the ancient town of Ürgenç , which contains the unexcavated ruins of the 12th-century capital...

 - Mary

Mary, Turkmenistan

Mary is the capital city of Mary Province in Turkmenistan. Former names include Merv, Meru and Margiana. It is located at . The city is an oasis in the Karakum Desert, located on the Murghab river. In 2009, Mary had a population of 123,000 , up from 92,000 in the 1989 census.-History:The ancient...

 - Serhetabat (Guşgy)

Serhetabat

Serhetabat is a small town in the Mary Province in Turkmenistan, located in the valley of the Kushka River. Population: 5,200 ....

 - Serdar (Gyzylarbat) - Tejen

Tejen

Tejen is an oasis city in the Karakum Desert, in Ahal Province of Turkmenistan. It is located at latitude 37.3786 North; longitude 60.4961 East at an altitude of 161 meters...

 - Turkmenabat (Chardzhev)

Türkmenabat

Türkmenabat , formerly and since the medieval times, Chardzhou , also spelled Çärjew, Chardjui, Charjou, Chardzhev, Charjev, Chärjew, or Charjew , ancient Amul, is a town in Turkmenistan, capital of Lebap Province...

 - Turkmenbashi (Krasnovodsk) - Ýolöten

Ýolöten

Ýolöten or Iolatan is a town and capital of Ýolöten District in the Mary Province of Turkmenistan. The city is located in the delta of the Murgab River, 55 kilometers southeast of the Mary, Turkmenistan. Ýolöten lies on the railway line of Mary - Serhetabat...

Provinces

Ahal Province

Ahal Province

Ahal Province is one of the welayat of Turkmenistan. It is in the south-center of the country, bordering Iran and Afghanistan along the Kopet Dag Range. Its area is and population 939,700...

 - Balkan Province

Balkan Province

Balkan Province is one of the Welayat of Turkmenistan. It is in the far west of the country, bordering Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan, the Caspian Sea, and Iran. Its capital is Balkanabat, formerly known as Nebit Dag. It has an area of 139,270 square kilometers and a population of approximately 553,500...

 - Daşoguz Province - Lebap Province

Lebap Province

Lebap Province is one of the provinces of Turkmenistan. It is in the northeast of the country, bordering Uzbekistan along the Amu Darya. Its capital is Türkmenabat...

 - Mary Province

Mary Province

Mary Province is one of the welayatlar of Turkmenistan. It is in the south-east of the country, bordering Afghanistan. Its capital is the city of Mary. Its area is and population 1,480,400...

History

Geok Tepe

Geok Tepe

Geok Tepe, Gökdepe or Gokdepe, is a former fortress of the Turkmens, in Turkmenistan, in the oasis of Ahal, on the Transcaspian railway, 28 miles north-west of Ashgabat. Gökdepe is the Russian version of the Turkic name meaning "Blue Hill" from the Turkmen gök "blue" and depe "hill" or "summit"...

 - Parni

Parni

The Parni or Aparni were an east Iranian people of the Ochus River valley, southeast of the Caspian Sea...

 - Göktürks

Göktürks

The Göktürks or Kök Türks, were a nomadic confederation of peoples in medieval Inner Asia. Known in Chinese sources as 突厥 , the Göktürks under the leadership of Bumin Qaghan The Göktürks or Kök Türks, (Old Turkic: Türük or Kök Türük or Türük; Celestial Turks) were a nomadic confederation of...

 - Oghuz Turks

Oghuz Turks

The Turkomen also known as Oghuz Turks were a historical Turkic tribal confederation in Central Asia during the early medieval Turkic expansion....

 - Great Seljuk Empire - Harzemshah Sultanate - Chagatai Khanate

Chagatai Khanate

The Chagatai Khanate was a Turko-Mongol khanate that comprised the lands ruled by Chagatai Khan , second son of the Great Khan Genghis Khan, and his descendents and successors...

 - Khanate of Khiva

Khanate of Khiva

The Khanate of Khiva was the name of a Uzbek state that existed in the historical region of Khwarezm from 1511 to 1920, except for a period of Persian occupation by Nadir Shah between 1740–1746. It was the patrilineal descendants of Shayban , the fifth son of Jochi and grandson of Genghis Khan...

 - Nisa, Turkmenistan

Nisa, Turkmenistan

Nisa was an ancient city, located near modern-day Bagir village, 18 km northwest of Ashgabat, Turkmenistan.Nisa is described by some as one of the first capitals of the Parthians. It was traditionally founded by Arsaces I Nisa (also Parthaunisa) was an ancient city, located near modern-day...

 - Turkmen Soviet Socialist Republic

Demographics

Oghuz Turks

Oghuz Turks

The Turkomen also known as Oghuz Turks were a historical Turkic tribal confederation in Central Asia during the early medieval Turkic expansion....

 - Turkic languages

Turkic languages

The Turkic languages constitute a language family of at least thirty five languages, spoken by Turkic peoples across a vast area from Eastern Europe and the Mediterranean to Siberia and Western China, and are considered to be part of the proposed Altaic language family.Turkic languages are spoken...

 - Turkic peoples

Turkic peoples

The Turkic peoples are peoples residing in northern, central and western Asia, southern Siberia and northwestern China and parts of eastern Europe. They speak languages belonging to the Turkic language family. They share, to varying degrees, certain cultural traits and historical backgrounds...

 - Turkmen language

Turkmen language

Turkmen is the national language of Turkmenistan...

 - Yörük

Yörük

The Yorouks, also Yuruks or Yörüks are immigrants, ultimately of Thracian descent,some of whom are still nomadic, primarily inhabiting the mountains of Anatolia and partly Balkan peninsula...

People

Aksoltan Ataýewa - Gurbanguly Berdimuhamedow - Gurbannazar Ashirov

Gurbannazar Ashirov

Gurbannazar Ashirov is a Turkmen politician. He is a deputy chairman of the Cabinet of Ministers of Turkmenistan.In 1995 he graduated from the Turkmen State University in physics and since August 2005 has been head of the waterways administration.-References:*...

 - Han Ahmedow

Han Ahmedow

Han Ahmedowiç Ahmedow was Prime Minister of Turkmenistan from December 1989 to May 1992. During his time in office, Turkmenistan became an independent country when the Soviet Union collapsed in 1991. Afterwards, Ahmedow became Railways Minister and then ambassador to Turkey...

 - Magtymguly Pyragy

Magtymguly Pyragy

Magtymguly Pyragy was a Turkmen spiritual leader and philosophical poet who made significant efforts to secure independence and autonomy for his people in the 18th century....

 - Ovezgeldy Atayev - Saparmurat Niyazov

Saparmurat Niyazov

Saparmurat Atayevich Niyazov; , was a Turkmen politician who served as President of Turkmenistan from 2 November 1990 until his death in 2006...

Culture

Akhal-Teke

Akhal-Teke

The Akhal-Teke is a horse breed from Turkmenistan, where they are a national emblem. They are noted for their speed and for endurance on long marches. These "golden-horses" are adapted to severe climatic conditions and are thought to be one of the oldest surviving horse breeds...

 - Music of Turkmenistan

Music of Turkmenistan

The music of the nomadic and rural Turkmen people is closely related to Kyrgyz and Kazakh folk forms. Important musical traditions in Turkmen music include traveling singers and shamans called bakshy, who act as healers and magicians and sing either a cappella or with instruments such as the...

 - Turkmen carpet - Turkmen cuisine - Yomut carpet

Yomut carpet

The Yomut carpet is a type of Turkmen rug traditionally handwoven by the Yomut or Yomud, one of the major tribes of Turkmenistan. A Yomut design, along with designs of the four other major tribes, such as Ersari and Tekke, is featured on the coat of arms and the flag of Turkmenistan.-See...

 - List of World Heritage Sites in Turkmenistan

Religion

Bahá'í Faith in Turkmenistan

Bahá'í Faith in Turkmenistan

The Bahá'í Faith in Turkmenistan begins before Russian advances into the region when the area was under the influence of Persia. By 1887 a community of Bahá'í refugees from religious violence in Persia had made a religious center in Ashgabat. Shortly afterwards — by 1894 — Russia made...

 - Islam in Turkmenistan

Islam in Turkmenistan

According to a 2009 Pew Research Center report, 93.1% of Turkmenistan's population is Muslim. Traditionally, the Turkmen of Turkmenistan, like their kin in Uzbekistan and Afghanistan, are Sunni Muslims. Shia Muslims, the other main branch of Islam, are not numerous in Turkmenistan, and the Shia...

 - Religion in Turkmenistan

Religion in Turkmenistan

The Turkmen of Turkmenistan, like their kin in Uzbekistan, Afghanistan, and Iran are Muslim. According to the CIA World Factbook, Turkmenistan is 89% Muslim and 9% Eastern Orthodox. Most ethnic Russians are Orthodox Christians. The remaining 2% is unknown...

 -
Ruhnama

Ruhnama

Ruhnama , is a book written by Saparmurat Niyazov, late President for Life of Turkmenistan, combining spiritual/moral guidance, autobiography and revisionist history, much of it is of dubious or disputed factuality and accuracy. The text includes many stories and poems, including those by Sufi poet...

Politics

Democratic Party of Turkmenistan

Democratic Party of Turkmenistan

The Democratic Party of Turkmenistan is the only political party in Turkmenistan. The DPT was led by former Soviet provincial Party leader Saparmurat Niyazov from the dissolution of the Soviet Union in the early 1990s until his death in 2006...

 - Elections in Turkmenistan

Elections in Turkmenistan

Turkmenistan elects on national level a head of state - the president - and a legislature. The Elections in Turkmenistan have been widely criticized for being completely fraudulent and attempting to give an appearance of legitimacy to what is in reality a dictatorship...

 - Politics of Turkmenistan

Politics of Turkmenistan

The politics of Turkmenistan takes place in the framework of a presidential republic, whereby the President of Turkmenistan is both head of state and head of government...

 - Turkmenistan parliamentary election, 2008–2009 - Turkmenistan presidential election, 2007

Economy

Agriculture in Turkmenistan

Agriculture in Turkmenistan

Agriculture in Turkmenistan is a significant sector of the economy which contributes 20.9% of the GDP and employs 48.2% of the workforce. However, only 4% of the total land area is cultivated....

 - Economy of Turkmenistan

Economy of Turkmenistan

Turkmenistan is largely desert country with nomadic cattle raising, intensive agriculture in irrigated oases, and huge gas and oil resources. One-half of its irrigated land is planted in cotton, placing the country in the top 10-15 producers. It also possesses the world's fourth largest reserves of...

 - Gazprom

Gazprom

Open Joint Stock Company Gazprom is the largest extractor of natural gas in the world and the largest Russian company. Its headquarters are in Cheryomushki District, South-Western Administrative Okrug, Moscow...

 - Turkmen manat

Law

Capital punishment in Turkmenistan

Capital punishment in Turkmenistan

Capital punishment in Turkmenistan was originally allowed by Article 20 of the 1992 Constitution, where it was described as "an exceptional punishment for the heaviest of crimes"...

 - Constitution of Turkmenistan

Constitution of Turkmenistan

The Constitution of Turkmenistan adopted on 18 May 1992 is the supreme law of Turkmenistan . In its preamble, the Constitution emphasizes self-determination for the Turkmen people, as well as the rule of law and rights for citizens. .The 1992 constitution was amended in 1995, 1999, 2003 and 2006...

 - Human rights in Turkmenistan

Human rights in Turkmenistan

Turkmenistan's human rights record has been heavily criticized by various countries and scholars worldwide. Standards in education and health declined markedly during the rule of President Saparmurat Niyazov....

About Modern Turkmenistan

Communications in Turkmenistan

Communications in Turkmenistan

Turkmenistan has a state-controlled press and monitored communication systems. With the death of Saparmurat Niyazov on December 21, 2006, the situation may change, possibly opening for the expansion of free press and open communications within the nation.-Mobile:...

 -Foreign relations of Turkmenistan

Foreign relations of Turkmenistan

Turkmenistan's declaration of "permanent neutrality" was formally recognized by the United Nations in 1995. Former President Niyazov stated that the neutrality would prevent Turkmenistan from participating in multi-national defense organizations, but allows military assistance...

 -International organization membership of Turkmenistan - List of airports in Turkmenistan - Military of Turkmenistan

Military of Turkmenistan

The armed forces of Turkmenistan consist of an Army, Navy, Air and Air Defense Forces, Border Troops, and Internal Troops, and a National Guard. After the fall of the Soviet Union, significant elements of the Soviet Armed Forces Turkestan Military District remained on Turkmen soil...

 - Public holidays in Turkmenistan

Public holidays in Turkmenistan

Public holidays in Turkmenistan fall into three main categories: holidays commemorating historical events and landmarks since the declaration of Turkmenistan's independence in 1991 ; traditional and religious holidays revived since...

 - Red Crescent Society of Turkmenistan

Red Crescent Society of Turkmenistan

The Red Crescent Society of Turkmenistan was established in 1926 and it has its headquarters in Ashgabat.-External links:**...

 - Turkmenistan Airlines

Turkmenistan Airlines

Turkmenistan Airlines is the flag carrier of Turkmenistan, headquartered in Ashgabat. The airline connects its home base of Ashgabat with destinations in Russia, Europe and Asia...

 -Transport in Turkmenistan

Transport in Turkmenistan

In the early 2000s, substantial work was done to restore infrastructure, which was in general disrepair, and to extend travel routes. Major new road and railroad projects were in progress in 2006...

 - Women in Turkmenistan

Women in Turkmenistan

The role of women in Turkmenistan has never conformed to Western stereotypes about Muslim women. Although a division of labor exists and women usually are not visible actors in political affairs outside the home, Turkmen women have never worn a veil similar to that of the women of some of its...

Sports

Scouting in Turkmenistan

Scouting in Turkmenistan

There is no formal Scouting organization yet in Turkmenistan, due to the political situation and because Turkmenistan refuses to join any organization because of its "status of permanent neutrality," which was accepted by the United Nations General Assembly on December 12, 1995...

 - Turkmenistan Cup

Turkmenistan Cup

The Turkmenistan Cup is an annually held football tournament for Turkmen football clubs and is the second most important national title in Turkmen football after the Ýokary Liga title.The cup has been contested since 1993....

 - Turkmenistan Higher League - Turkmenistan national football team

Turkmenistan national football team

The Turkmenistan national football team is the national team of Turkmenistan and is controlled by the Football Federation of Turkmenistan.-History:After the country gained independence, they played their first match against Kazakhstan on June 1, 1992...

 - Turkmenistan Super Cup

Turkmenistan Super Cup

The Turkmenistan Super Cup is a knockout tournament of the Turkmenistan football, formed in 2005.-Winners & Results:*2005 : HTTU Aşgabat 4-1 Merw Mary*2006 : FC Balkan 3-2 HTTU Aşgabat...