In questa reggia is an aria from Giacomo Puccini

Giacomo Puccini

Giacomo Antonio Domenico Michele Secondo Maria Puccini was an Italian composer whose operas, including La bohème, Tosca, Madama Butterfly, and Turandot, are among the most frequently performed in the standard repertoire...

's opera Turandot

Turandot

Turandot is an opera in three acts by Giacomo Puccini, set to a libretto in Italian by Giuseppe Adami and Renato Simoni.Though Puccini's first interest in the subject was based on his reading of Friedrich Schiller's adaptation of the play, his work is most nearly based on the earlier text Turandot...

set to a libretto in Italian by Giuseppe Adami

Giuseppe Adami

Giuseppe Adami was an Italian librettist, known for his collaboration with Puccini on La rondine , Il tabarro and Turandot ....

 and Renato Simoni

Renato Simoni

Renato Simoni was an Italian journalist, playwright, writer and theatrical critic noted for his collaboration work with Giuseppe Adami for Giacomo Puccini's Turandot....

. The text is based on Friedrich Schiller's adaptation of the play Turandot by Carlo
Gozzi. The aria takes place in Scene Two of the Second Act, and is sung mostly by the Princess Turandot (soprano), but with a reply from Calaf (tenor), which is a key point of the opera.

The riddles challenge

In the aria, Turandot explains that the reason the three riddles were conceived was as a test for any prince who might want to marry her. She explains that in the same palace, countless generations ago (thousands of years ago), a reigning Princess Lo-u-Ling was conquered by the King of the Tartars, raped and murdered. In particular, she dwells upon the Princess' final crying out and her moment of death at the hands of a man. Based on that memory alone and the concept of that crying out having been carried down through the many generations to Turandot herself, she resolves to avenge that death by imposing it on all men who fail in the attempt to marry her. She warns the prince that if he fails to answer any one of the three riddles, he will die.

The climax of the aria occurs with the word "grido" ("outcry" or "crying out") and clearly Turandot is reliving and personifying the last moments of her ancestor, its outrage and its long awaited vengeance.

The orchestra emphasises her ominous final couplet:-

Straniero! Non tentar la fortuna!

Gli enigmi sono tre, la morte una!

Stranger! Do not tempt Fortune!

The riddles are three, Death is one!

But Calaf returns this to her as

No,no... gli enigmi sono tre, una è la vita!

No, no... the riddles are three, Life is one!

Some of the very distinctive music which ends this aria, reappears briefly in the Act 3 duet Principessa di morte (as completed by Alfano), as Calaf finally embraces a still-reluctant Turandot.

Libretto text

Turandot In questa reggia, or son mill'anni e mille, un grido disperato risonò. E quel grido, traverso stirpe e stirpe qui nell'anima mia si rifugiò! Principessa Lou-Ling, ava dolce e serena che regnavi nel tuo cupo silenzio in gioia pura, e sfidasti inflessibile e sicura l'aspro dominio, oggi rivivi in me! La Folla Fu quando il Re dei Tartari le sette sue bandiere dispiegò. Turandot Pure nel tempo che ciascun ricorda, fu sgomento e terrore e rombo d'armi. Il regno vinto! Il regno vinto! E Lou-Ling, la mia ava, trascinata da un uomo come te, come te straniero, là nella notte atroce dove si spense la sua fresca voce! La Folla Da secoli ella dorme nella sua tomba enorme. Turandot O Principi, che a lunghe carovane d'ogni parte del mondo qui venite a gettar la vostra sorte, io vendico su voi, su voi quella purezza, quel grido e quella morte! Quel grido e quella morte! Mai nessun, nessun m'avrà! L'orror di chi l'uccise vivi nel cuor mi sta. No, no! Mai nessun m'avrà! Ah, rinasce in me l'orgoglio di tanta purità! Straniero! Non tentar la fortuna! Gli enigmi sono tre, la morte una! Calaf No, no! Gli enigmi sono tre, una è la vita! Turandot No, no! . . . . . . Gli enigmi sono tre, la morte è una! Calaf Gli enigmi sono tre, una è la vita! La Folla Al Principe straniero offri la prova ardita, o Turandot! Turandot!

See also

• Signore, ascolta! - "My lord, listen"
• Non piangere, Liu
  Non piangere, Liù
  Non piangere, Liù is an aria sung by Calàf, the "Unknown Prince" from Act I of the Italian opera, Turandot by Giacomo Puccini. The lyrics were written by Giuseppe Adami and Renato Simoni. The scene takes place before the walls of the imperial palace...
  
   - "Don't weep, Liu"
• Nessun Dorma
  Nessun dorma
  Nessun dorma is an aria from the final act of Giacomo Puccini's opera Turandot, and is one of the best-known tenor arias in all opera. It is sung by Calaf, il principe ignoto , who falls in love at first sight with the beautiful but cold Princess Turandot...
  
   - "None Shall Sleep"
• Tu che di gel sei cinta
  Tu che di gel sei cinta
  'Tu che di gel sei cinta' is an aria from Act 3 Scene 1 of Puccini's opera Turandot. It is sung by Liu under torture, and prior to her suicide. Turandot is clearly taken by Liù's resolve and asks her who put so much strength in her heart...
  
   - "You who are girdled with ice"

Historic Recordings

Historic recordings go back nearly to the first performance, with those by Eva Turner

Eva Turner

Dame Eva Turner DBE was an English dramatic soprano with an international reputation. Her strong, steady and well-trained voice was renowned for its clarion power in Italian and German operatic roles.-Career:...

 being particularly notable and available on the web. Turner was present at the first performance, and performed the opera 7 months later and throughout the pre-war years.

External links

• Lyrics and Translation at Aria-Database.com
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OWle3od3BCc&feature=related 1971 TV version - Birgit Nilsson
  Birgit Nilsson
  right|thumb|Nilsson in 1948.Birgit Nilsson was a celebrated Swedish dramatic soprano who specialized in operatic and symphonic works...
  
   and Franco Corelli
  Franco Corelli
  Franco Corelli was a famous Italian tenor who had a major international opera career between 1951 and 1976. Associated in particular with the spinto and dramatic tenor roles of the Italian repertory, he was celebrated universally for his powerhouse voice, electrifying top notes, clear timbre, a...