An in-camera effect is any special effect

Special effect

The illusions used in the film, television, theatre, or entertainment industries to simulate the imagined events in a story are traditionally called special effects ....

 in a video or movie that is created solely by using techniques in and on the camera

Camera

A camera is a device that records and stores images. These images may be still photographs or moving images such as videos or movies. The term camera comes from the camera obscura , an early mechanism for projecting images...

 and/or its parts. The in-camera effect is defined by the fact that the effect exists on the original camera negative or video recording before it is sent to a lab or modified. So effects that modify the original negative at the lab, such as skip bleach or flashing

Flashing (cinematography)

In cinematography, flashing is a method of contrast enhancement that takes advantage of the natural physical properties of film stock to bring out detail in darker areas of the print....

, are not included. Likewise effects that work with props, such as squibs

Squib (explosive)

A squib is a miniature explosive device used in a wide range of industries, from special effects to military applications. It resembles a tiny stick of dynamite, both in appearance and construction, although with considerably less explosive power...

, fire, and dustball guns are also not included. Some examples of in camera effects include:

• Matte painting
  Matte painting
  A matte painting is a painted representation of a landscape, set, or distant location that allows filmmakers to create the illusion of an environment that would otherwise be too expensive or impossible to build or visit. Historically, matte painters and film technicians have used various techniques...
  
  
• Schüfftan process
  Schüfftan process
  The Schüfftan process is a movie special effect named after its inventor, Eugen Schüfftan . It was widely used in the first half of the 20th century before being almost completely replaced by the travelling matte and bluescreen effects....
  
  
• Forced perspective
  Forced perspective
  Forced perspective is a technique that employs optical illusion to make an object appear farther away, closer, larger or smaller than it actually is. It is used primarily in photography, filmmaking and architecture...
  
  
• Dolly zoom
  Dolly zoom
  The dolly zoom is an unsettling in-camera effect that appears to undermine normal visual perception. It is part of many cinematic techniques used in filmmaking and television production....
  
  
• Lens flare
  Lens flare
  Lens flare is the light scattered in lens systems through generally unwanted image formation mechanisms, such as internal reflection and scattering from material inhomogeneities in the lens. These mechanisms differ from the intended image formation mechanism that depends on refraction of the image...
  
  s
• Lighting effects
• Filtration
  Photographic filter
  In photography and videography, a filter is a camera accessory consisting of an optical filter that can be inserted in the optical path. The filter can be a square or oblong shape mounted in a holder accessory, or, more commonly, a glass or plastic disk with a metal or plastic ring frame, which...
  
   such as using a fog filter to simulate fog, or a grad filter to simulate sunset.
• Shutter
  Shutter (photography)
  In photography, a shutter is a device that allows light to pass for a determined period of time, for the purpose of exposing photographic film or a light-sensitive electronic sensor to light to capture a permanent image of a scene...
  
   effects.
• Time-lapse
  Time-lapse
  Time-lapse photography is a cinematography technique whereby the frequency at which film frames are captured is much lower than that which will be used to play the sequence back. When replayed at normal speed, time appears to be moving faster and thus lapsing...
  
  , slow motion
  Slow motion
  Slow motion is an effect in film-making whereby time appears to be slowed down. It was invented by the Austrian priest August Musger....
  
  , fast motion, and speed ramping.
• Bipack
  Bipack
  In cinematography, bipacking, or a bipack, is the process of loading two reels of film into a camera, so that they both pass through the camera gate together...
  
  s
• Slit-scan
• Infrared photography
  Infrared photography
  In infrared photography, the film or image sensor used is sensitive to infrared light. The part of the spectrum used is referred to as near-infrared to distinguish it from far-infrared, which is the domain of thermal imaging. Wavelengths used for photography range from about 700 nm to about...
  
  
• Reverse motion
• Front projection

See also

• Camera Effects
  Camera Effects
  Camera Effects was a post-production and visual effects company based in Soho, London from 1964 till its closure in 1987. It had a world wide reputation for producing film special effects and titles for television commercial and feature film projects....
  
   (Company)
• Cinematic techniques
  Cinematic techniques
  - Basic Definitions of Terms :Aerial Shot:A shot taken from a crane, plane, or helicopter. Not necessarily a moving shot.Backlighting:The main source of light is behind the subject, silhouetting it, and directed toward the camera....
  
  
• Optical printing
• In-camera editing