Hygrophila (clade)
Encyclopedia
Hygrophila is a taxonomic clade
of air-breathing freshwater snail
s, aquatic
pulmonate gastropod mollusks within the clade Panpulmonata
.
The families in this clade are basically air-breathing freshwater snails including freshwater limpet
s. The three most vuluminous families in terms of number of species are the Lymnaeidae (pond snails), the Planorbidae (ramshorn snails) and the Physidae (pouch or bubble snails). These are found in ponds, creeks, ditches, and shallow lakes nearly worldwide.
The snails in this clade have their eyes located at the base of their tentacles, rather than at the tips, as in the true land snails Stylommatophora
. They have shells that are thin, translucent, and relatively colorless, and they lack an operculum
.
these families were placed in the suborder Basommatophora.
within the Pulmonata
.
Clade Hygrophila:
Note: what was previously the family Ancylidae
has been demoted in the new taxonomy to the status of tribe Ancylini Rafinesque, 1815 within the subfamily Planorbinae Rafinesque, 1815 of the family Planorbidae
Rafinesque, 1815.
and Amphiboloidea
and Hygrophila) have been found polyphyletic and so Jörger et al. (2010) have moved Hygrophila to Panpulmonata
.
Clade
A clade is a group consisting of a species and all its descendants. In the terms of biological systematics, a clade is a single "branch" on the "tree of life". The idea that such a "natural group" of organisms should be grouped together and given a taxonomic name is central to biological...
of air-breathing freshwater snail
Freshwater snail
A freshwater snail is one kind of freshwater mollusc, the other kind being freshwater clams and mussels, i.e. freshwater bivalves. Specifically a freshwater snail is a gastropod that lives in a watery non-marine habitat. The majority of freshwater gastropods have a shell, with very few exceptions....
s, aquatic
Aquatic animal
An aquatic animal is an animal, either vertebrate or invertebrate, which lives in water for most or all of its life. It may breathe air or extract its oxygen from that dissolved in water through specialised organs called gills, or directly through its skin. Natural environments and the animals that...
pulmonate gastropod mollusks within the clade Panpulmonata
Panpulmonata
Panpulmonata is a taxonomic clade of snails and slugs in the clade Heterobranchia within the clade Euthyneura.Panpulmonata was established as a new taxon by Jörger et al...
.
The families in this clade are basically air-breathing freshwater snails including freshwater limpet
Limpet
Limpet is a common name for a number of different kinds of saltwater and freshwater snails ; it is applied to those snails that have a simple shell which is more or less conical in shape, and either is not spirally coiled, or appears not to be coiled in the adult snails.The name limpet is most...
s. The three most vuluminous families in terms of number of species are the Lymnaeidae (pond snails), the Planorbidae (ramshorn snails) and the Physidae (pouch or bubble snails). These are found in ponds, creeks, ditches, and shallow lakes nearly worldwide.
The snails in this clade have their eyes located at the base of their tentacles, rather than at the tips, as in the true land snails Stylommatophora
Stylommatophora
Stylommatophora is a taxon of air-breathing land snails and slugs, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod molluscs. This taxon is currently considered to be a clade. It was previously regarded as an infraorder...
. They have shells that are thin, translucent, and relatively colorless, and they lack an operculum
Operculum (gastropod)
The operculum, meaning little lid, is a corneous or calcareous anatomical structure which exists in many groups of sea snails and freshwater snails, and also in a few groups of land snails...
.
1997 taxonomy
In the older taxonomy of the Gastropoda (Ponder & Lindberg, 1997)Taxonomy of the Gastropoda (Ponder & Lindberg, 1997)
The taxonomy of the Gastropoda, as revised by Winston Ponder and David R. Lindberg in 1997, is an older taxonomy of the class Gastropoda, the class of molluscs consisting of all snails and slugs...
these families were placed in the suborder Basommatophora.
2005 taxonomy
Hygrophila has been a clade in the informal group BasommatophoraBasommatophora
Basommatophora was a term that was previously used as a taxonomic informal group, a group of snails within the informal group Pulmonata, the air-breathing slugs and snails...
within the Pulmonata
Pulmonata
The Pulmonata, or "pulmonates", are an informal group of snails and slugs characterized by the ability to breathe air, by virtue of having a pallial lung instead of a gill, or gills...
.
Clade Hygrophila:
- Superfamily ChilinoideaChilinoideaChilinoidea is a superfamily of air-breathing freshwater snails, pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the clade Hygrophila....
Dall, 1870- Family Chilinidae Dall, 1870
- Family Latiidae Hutton, 1882
- Superfamily Acroloxoidea Thiele, 1931
- Family AcroloxidaeAcroloxidaeAcroloxidae, commonly known as river limpets, are a taxonomic family of very small, freshwater snails, aquatic pulmonate gastropod limpet-like mollusks with a simple flattened conical shell in the clade Hygrophila....
Thiele, 1931
- Family Acroloxidae
- Superfamily Lymnaeoidea Rafinesque, 1815
- Family LymnaeidaeLymnaeidaeLymnaeidae is a taxonomic family of small to large air-breathing freshwater snails, aquatic pulmonate gastropod mollusks, that belong to the clade Hygrophila....
Rafinesque, 1815
- Family Lymnaeidae
- Superfamily PlanorboideaPlanorboideaPlanorboidea is a superfamily of air-breathing freshwater snails, aquatic pulmonate gastropod mollusks.The gastropods in this superfamily are all sinistral in shell coiling.The monophyly of Planorboidea has been confirmed by Albrecht et al. ....
Rafinesque, 1815- Family PlanorbidaePlanorbidaePlanorbidae, common name the ramshorn snails or ram's horn snails, is a family of air-breathing freshwater snails, aquatic pulmonate gastropod mollusks....
Rafinesque, 1815 - Family PhysidaePhysidaePhysidae, common name bladder snails, are a monophyletic taxonomic family of small freshwater snails, aquatic pulmonate gastropod molluscs in the clade Hygrophila....
Fitzinger, 1833
- Family Planorbidae
Note: what was previously the family Ancylidae
Ancylidae
Ancylini is a tribe of small, freshwater, air-breathing limpets, aquatic pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Planorbidae the ram's horn snails and their allies...
has been demoted in the new taxonomy to the status of tribe Ancylini Rafinesque, 1815 within the subfamily Planorbinae Rafinesque, 1815 of the family Planorbidae
Planorbidae
Planorbidae, common name the ramshorn snails or ram's horn snails, is a family of air-breathing freshwater snails, aquatic pulmonate gastropod mollusks....
Rafinesque, 1815.
2010 taxonomy
Basommatophora (SiphonarioideaSiphonarioidea
Siphonarioidea is a taxonomic group of air-breathing sea snails or false limpets.- 2005 taxonomy :Siphonarioidea was previously a superfamily in the informal group Basommatophora within the Pulmonata.- 2010 taxonomy :...
and Amphiboloidea
Amphiboloidea
Amphiboloidea is a taxonomic superfamily of air-breathing land snails.- 2005 taxonomy :According to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda , it is a superfamily in the informal group Basommatophora, within the Pulmonata....
and Hygrophila) have been found polyphyletic and so Jörger et al. (2010) have moved Hygrophila to Panpulmonata
Panpulmonata
Panpulmonata is a taxonomic clade of snails and slugs in the clade Heterobranchia within the clade Euthyneura.Panpulmonata was established as a new taxon by Jörger et al...
.