Hydnangiaceae
Encyclopedia
The Hydnangiaceae are a family
of fungi in the order
of mushrooms known as the Agaricales
. Widespread in temperate
and tropical regions throughout the world, the family contains approximately 30 species amongst 4 genera
. Species in the Hydnangiaceae form ectomycorrhizal relationships with various species of trees in both coniferous and deciduous
forests.
production, like puffballs).
When pileate the cap is glabrous to scaly, sometimes striate, typically orange-brown or violet in color; the gills are widely spaced, thick and waxy. In gasteroid forms, fruit body shape is irregular, with thin walls. Also, the peridium (the outer layer of the spore-bearing organ) is sometimes short-lasting (evanescent). Columella (the central, sterile part of the sporangium
) may be absent or present, the hymenium
are not gelatinized, and are formed in locule
s. Basidia are club-shaped (clavate), with two or four sterigmata, sometimes with accompanying cheilocystidia (cystidia on the edges of gills
).
Taxa have a widespread distribution in both temperate and tropical zones.
fruiting bodies like truffles, with no stem, nor a columella.
Laccaria
have a 'typical' mushroom shape (pileate-stipiate)
Maccagnia
Podohydnangium have subepigeal
fruiting bodies, with partially exposed gleba
at the base, and have stem columella
Family (biology)
In biological classification, family is* a taxonomic rank. Other well-known ranks are life, domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, genus, and species, with family fitting between order and genus. As for the other well-known ranks, there is the option of an immediately lower rank, indicated by the...
of fungi in the order
Order (biology)
In scientific classification used in biology, the order is# a taxonomic rank used in the classification of organisms. Other well-known ranks are life, domain, kingdom, phylum, class, family, genus, and species, with order fitting in between class and family...
of mushrooms known as the Agaricales
Agaricales
The fungal order Agaricales, also known as gilled mushrooms , or euagarics, contains some of the most familiar types of mushrooms. The order has 33 extant families, 413 genera, and over 13000 described species, along with five extinct genera known only from the fossil record...
. Widespread in temperate
Temperate
In geography, temperate or tepid latitudes of the globe lie between the tropics and the polar circles. The changes in these regions between summer and winter are generally relatively moderate, rather than extreme hot or cold...
and tropical regions throughout the world, the family contains approximately 30 species amongst 4 genera
Genera
Genera is a commercial operating system and development environment for Lisp machines developed by Symbolics. It is essentially a fork of an earlier operating system originating on the MIT AI Lab's Lisp machines which Symbolics had used in common with LMI and Texas Instruments...
. Species in the Hydnangiaceae form ectomycorrhizal relationships with various species of trees in both coniferous and deciduous
Deciduous
Deciduous means "falling off at maturity" or "tending to fall off", and is typically used in reference to trees or shrubs that lose their leaves seasonally, and to the shedding of other plant structures such as petals after flowering or fruit when ripe...
forests.
Description
Taxa may have fruiting bodies with stems and caps (pileate-stipiate), or gasteroid (with internal sporeSpore
In biology, a spore is a reproductive structure that is adapted for dispersal and surviving for extended periods of time in unfavorable conditions. Spores form part of the life cycles of many bacteria, plants, algae, fungi and some protozoa. According to scientist Dr...
production, like puffballs).
When pileate the cap is glabrous to scaly, sometimes striate, typically orange-brown or violet in color; the gills are widely spaced, thick and waxy. In gasteroid forms, fruit body shape is irregular, with thin walls. Also, the peridium (the outer layer of the spore-bearing organ) is sometimes short-lasting (evanescent). Columella (the central, sterile part of the sporangium
Sporangium
A sporangium is an enclosure in which spores are formed. It can be composed of a single cell or can be multicellular. All plants, fungi, and many other lineages form sporangia at some point in their life cycle...
) may be absent or present, the hymenium
Hymenium
The hymenium is the tissue layer on the hymenophore of a fungal fruiting body where the cells develop into basidia or asci, which produce spores. In some species all of the cells of the hymenium develop into basidia or asci, while in others some cells develop into sterile cells called cystidia or...
are not gelatinized, and are formed in locule
Locule
A locule is a small cavity or compartment within an organ or part of an organism ....
s. Basidia are club-shaped (clavate), with two or four sterigmata, sometimes with accompanying cheilocystidia (cystidia on the edges of gills
Gill (mushroom)
A lamella, or gill, is a papery hymenophore rib under the cap of some mushroom species, most often but not always agarics. The gills are used by the mushrooms as a means of spore dispersal, and are important for species identification...
).
Taxa have a widespread distribution in both temperate and tropical zones.
Genera and species
Hydnangium have hypogealHypogeal
Hypogeal means "underground".* In botany, a seed is described as hypogeal when the cotyledons of the germinating seed remain non-photosynthetic, inside the seed shell, and below ground...
fruiting bodies like truffles, with no stem, nor a columella.
- Hydnangium carneum, Wallr. (1839) sometimes considered a truffle associated with EucalyptusEucalyptusEucalyptus is a diverse genus of flowering trees in the myrtle family, Myrtaceae. Members of the genus dominate the tree flora of Australia...
trees.
Laccaria
Laccaria
Laccaria is a genus around 75 species of fungus found in both temperate and tropical regions of the world. They are mycorrhizal. The type species is , commonly known as the deceiver. Other notable species include L. bicolor, and the amethyst deceiver , sometimes incorrectly written as...
have a 'typical' mushroom shape (pileate-stipiate)
- Laccaria alba Zhu L. Yang & Lan Wang (2004)
- Laccaria amethystina
- L. angustilamella Zhu L. Yang & Lan Wang (2004)
- Laccaria bicolorLaccaria bicolorLaccaria bicolor is a small tan colored mushroom with lilac gills. Like others in its genus it has the common name of 'Deceiver', because of its propensity to fade and become hard to identify. It is edible, but not worthwhile, and grows in mixed birch and pine woods. It is found in the temperate...
- L. fraterna, (Cooke & Massee) Pegler.
- Laccaria laccataLaccaria laccataLaccaria laccata, commonly known as the deceiver, or waxy laccaria, is a white-spored species of small edible mushroom found throughout North America and Europe. It is a highly variable mushroom , and can look quite washed out, colorless and drab, but when younger it often assumes red, pinkish...
- L. maritima
- L. proxima
- L. pumila
- L. purpureobadia
- L. tetraspora
- L. tortilis
Maccagnia
- Maccagnia carnica, Mattir. 1922
Podohydnangium have subepigeal
Epigeal
Epigeal, epigean, epigeic and epigeous are biological terms describing an organism's activity above the soil surface.In botany, a seed is described as epigeal when the cotyledons of the germinating seed expand, throw off the seed shell and become photosynthetic above the ground...
fruiting bodies, with partially exposed gleba
Gleba
Gleba is the fleshy spore-bearing inner mass of fungi such as the puffball or stinkhorn.The gleba is a solid mass of spores, generated within an enclosed area within the sporocarp. The continuous maturity of the sporogenous cells leave the spores behind as a powdery mass that can be easily blown away...
at the base, and have stem columella
- Podohydnangium australe