Hunan-Hubei-Jiangxi Soviet
Encyclopedia
The Hunan–Hubei–Jiangxi Soviet (湘鄂赣苏维埃) was a Comintern
and local communist
-led liberated zone in the 1930s south of the Yangzi River, comprising parts of counties in what are now the municipal regions of Yueyang (岳阳市)
in Hunan
, Xianning (咸宁市)
in Hubei
and, in Jiangxi
, Jiujiang (九江)
and Yichun (宜春市)
. It was a constituent part of the territorially discontiguous and diplomatically unrecognised Chinese Soviet Republic (CSR). Before the declaration of the CSR in November 1931, the liberated zone had been known to Communists as the Hunan-Hubei-Jiangxi Revolutionary Base Area (湘鄂赣革命根据地).
. The Communist response is known as the Counter-Encirclement Campaign at the Hunan–Hubei–Jiangxi Soviet (湘鄂赣苏区反围剿, or - since the action predates the establishment of the CSR - the Counter-Encirclement Campaign at the Hunan-Hubei-Jiangxi Revolutionary Base / 湘鄂赣革命根据地反围剿).
The Hunan–Hubei–Jiangxi Soviet was defended by the Red 16th Army. The 16th launched a pre-emptive strike on Tongcheng (通城), in Hubei, in December 1930, annihilating an entire regiment of the KMT army just before it could begin the first attack of the campaign. The Government forces had to withdraw temporarily to regroup. The 16th, with help of fraternal CSR Soviets, held off danger to the Hunan–Hubei–Jiangxi Soviet until May 1931.
accordingly struck two positions in government-held Hunan, one directly to their west and the other to their south. The gambit foiled the Encirclement Campaign against the Hunan–Hubei–Jiangxi Soviet by depriving it of essential strength.
Comintern
The Communist International, abbreviated as Comintern, also known as the Third International, was an international communist organization initiated in Moscow during March 1919...
and local communist
Communist Party of China
The Communist Party of China , also known as the Chinese Communist Party , is the founding and ruling political party of the People's Republic of China...
-led liberated zone in the 1930s south of the Yangzi River, comprising parts of counties in what are now the municipal regions of Yueyang (岳阳市)
Yueyang
Yueyang is a prefecture-level city at the northeastern corner of Hunan province, South Central China, on the southern shores of Dongting Lake.The Yueyang metropolitan area occupies 14,896 km². and the city proper occupies 304 km²...
in Hunan
Hunan
' is a province of South-Central China, located to the south of the middle reaches of the Yangtze River and south of Lake Dongting...
, Xianning (咸宁市)
Xianning
Xianning is a prefecture-level city in China's Hubei province. It is known as the "City of Osmanthus".-Geography and climate:Xianning is located in southeastern Hubei province, just south of Wuhan, between the southern bank of the Yangtze River in the north and the Mufu Mountains in the south. It...
in Hubei
Hubei
' Hupeh) is a province in Central China. The name of the province means "north of the lake", referring to its position north of Lake Dongting...
and, in Jiangxi
Jiangxi
' is a southern province in the People's Republic of China. Spanning from the banks of the Yangtze River in the north into hillier areas in the south, it shares a border with Anhui to the north, Zhejiang to the northeast, Fujian to the east, Guangdong to the south, Hunan to the west, and Hubei to...
, Jiujiang (九江)
Jiujiang
Jiujiang , formerly transliterated Kiukiang, is a prefecture-level city located on the southern shores of the Yangtze River in northwest Jiangxi Province, China. It is the second-largest prefecture-level city in Jiangxi province, the largest one being Nanchang...
and Yichun (宜春市)
Yichun
Yichun can refer to two cities in China:*Yichun, Heilongjiang , city in Heilongjiang province*Yichun, Jiangxi , city in Jiangxi province*Yichun dialect, dialect of the Gan language, spoken in Yichun, Jiangxi...
. It was a constituent part of the territorially discontiguous and diplomatically unrecognised Chinese Soviet Republic (CSR). Before the declaration of the CSR in November 1931, the liberated zone had been known to Communists as the Hunan-Hubei-Jiangxi Revolutionary Base Area (湘鄂赣革命根据地).
Embargo and menace
The Right-Guomindang (Nationalist) Government intended to destroy the Soviet by means of one of its broadly unsuccessful Encirclement campaignsEncirclement Campaign against Hunan-Hubei-Jiangxi Soviet
The Encirclement Campaign against the Hunan-Hubei-Jiangxi Soviet was a campaign launched by the Right-Guomindang Nationalist Government that was intended to destroy the communist Soviet in the Hunan-Hubei-Jiangxi border region and its army...
. The Communist response is known as the Counter-Encirclement Campaign at the Hunan–Hubei–Jiangxi Soviet (湘鄂赣苏区反围剿, or - since the action predates the establishment of the CSR - the Counter-Encirclement Campaign at the Hunan-Hubei-Jiangxi Revolutionary Base / 湘鄂赣革命根据地反围剿).
The Hunan–Hubei–Jiangxi Soviet was defended by the Red 16th Army. The 16th launched a pre-emptive strike on Tongcheng (通城), in Hubei, in December 1930, annihilating an entire regiment of the KMT army just before it could begin the first attack of the campaign. The Government forces had to withdraw temporarily to regroup. The 16th, with help of fraternal CSR Soviets, held off danger to the Hunan–Hubei–Jiangxi Soviet until May 1931.
Coordinated defense
As reinforcement troops from other Nationalist Government regions moved in to avenge the defeat at Tongcheng, it was determined at Red Army central command that a diversionary measure was in order. The forces of the Hunan-Jiangxi SovietHunan-Jiangxi Soviet
The Hunan–Jiangxi Soviet was a constituent part of the Chinese Soviet Republic, an unrecognised sovereign state that existed from November 1931 to 1935...
accordingly struck two positions in government-held Hunan, one directly to their west and the other to their south. The gambit foiled the Encirclement Campaign against the Hunan–Hubei–Jiangxi Soviet by depriving it of essential strength.