Human rights in the Republic of Macedonia

Republic of Macedonia

Macedonia , officially the Republic of Macedonia , is a country located in the central Balkan peninsula in Southeast Europe. It is one of the successor states of the former Yugoslavia, from which it declared independence in 1991...

is a signatory to the European Convention on Human Rights

European Convention on Human Rights

The Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms is an international treaty to protect human rights and fundamental freedoms in Europe. Drafted in 1950 by the then newly formed Council of Europe, the convention entered into force on 3 September 1953...

and the U.N. Geneva Convention relating to the Status of Refugees

Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees

The United Nations Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees is an international convention that defines who is a refugee, and sets out the rights of individuals who are granted asylum and the responsibilities of nations that grant asylum. The Convention also sets out which people do not...

and Convention against Torture

United Nations Convention Against Torture

The United Nations Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment is an international human rights instrument, under the review of the United Nations, that aims to prevent torture around the world....

, and the Macedonian Constitution guarantees basic human rights to all citizens.

There do however continue to be problems with human rights

Human rights

Human rights are "commonly understood as inalienable fundamental rights to which a person is inherently entitled simply because she or he is a human being." Human rights are thus conceived as universal and egalitarian . These rights may exist as natural rights or as legal rights, in both national...

. According to human rights organisations, in 2003 there were suspected extrajudicial executions, threats and intimidation against human rights activists and opposition journalists and allegations of torture

Torture

Torture is the act of inflicting severe pain as a means of punishment, revenge, forcing information or a confession, or simply as an act of cruelty. Throughout history, torture has often been used as a method of political re-education, interrogation, punishment, and coercion...

by the police.

The country also has issues with the human rights of ethnic minorities, such as Albanians

Albanians

Albanians are a nation and ethnic group native to Albania and neighbouring countries. They speak the Albanian language. More than half of all Albanians live in Albania and Kosovo...

, Bulgarians

Bulgarians

The Bulgarians are a South Slavic nation and ethnic group native to Bulgaria and neighbouring regions. Emigration has resulted in immigrant communities in a number of other countries.-History and ethnogenesis:...

, Roma, Turks

Turkish people

Turkish people, also known as the "Turks" , are an ethnic group primarily living in Turkey and in the former lands of the Ottoman Empire where Turkish minorities had been established in Bulgaria, Cyprus, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Georgia, Greece, Kosovo, Macedonia, and Romania...

, Aromanians

Aromanians

Aromanians are a Latin people native throughout the southern Balkans, especially in northern Greece, Albania, the Republic of Macedonia, Bulgaria, and as an emigrant community in Serbia and Romania . An older term is Macedo-Romanians...

, Greeks

Greeks

The Greeks, also known as the Hellenes , are a nation and ethnic group native to Greece, Cyprus and neighboring regions. They also form a significant diaspora, with Greek communities established around the world....

and Vlachs

Vlachs

Vlach is a blanket term covering several modern Latin peoples descending from the Latinised population in Central, Eastern and Southeastern Europe. English variations on the name include: Walla, Wlachs, Wallachs, Vlahs, Olahs or Ulahs...

.

Although Albanians have recently been allowed to study in Albanian, before graduating from university they are required to pass a test of their comprehension and use of the Macedonian language

Macedonian language

Macedonian is a South Slavic language spoken as a first language by approximately 2–3 million people principally in the region of Macedonia but also in the Macedonian diaspora...

HRW and Helsinki Watch

According to Human Rights Watch

Human Rights Watch

Human Rights Watch is an international non-governmental organization that conducts research and advocacy on human rights. Its headquarters are in New York City and it has offices in Berlin, Beirut, Brussels, Chicago, Geneva, Johannesburg, London, Los Angeles, Moscow, Paris, San Francisco, Tokyo,...

, many former Yugoslav

Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia

The Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia was the Yugoslav state that existed from the abolition of the Yugoslav monarchy until it was dissolved in 1992 amid the Yugoslav Wars. It was a socialist state and a federation made up of six socialist republics: Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia,...

citizens remain "effectively stateless" as a result of a citizenship law drafted after Macedonia's secession from the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia

Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia

.

Conflict between ethnic Albanian rebels and the Macedonian government has resulted in serious violations of human rights

Human rights

on both sides.

According to the International Helsinki Federation for Human Rights

International Helsinki Federation for Human Rights

The International Helsinki Federation for Human Rights was a self-governing group of non-governmental, not-for-profit organizations that act to protect human rights throughout Europe, North America and Central Asia...

, the following human rights abuses have been reported:

Police abuse of suspects, particularly during initial arrest and detention
Police harassment of ethnic minorities, particularly Roma
Impunity and corruption in the police force
Political pressure on the judiciary
Societal violence and discrimination against women, children and ethnic minorities, particularly Roma
Trafficking in women and girls for sexual exploitation
Government interference with union activity

International rankings

Democracy Index
Democracy Index
The Democracy Index is an index compiled by the Economist Intelligence Unit that claims to measure the state of democracy in 167 countries, of which 166 are sovereign states and 165 are UN member states...

, 2010: 73 out of 167 ("flawed democracy")
Worldwide Press Freedom Index, 2008: 42 out of 173.
Worldwide Quality-of-life Index, 2005: 89 out of 111, between Iran (88) and Guatemala (90).

Ombudsman's Report

According to the Ombudsman’s Annual Report for 2005

The Public administration continues to show elements of bureaucratic behavior, inefficiency, inaction and non-interest about the needs of the citizen, as well as lack of awareness about their rights. Because of that the citizen fulfill their rights with difficulties, untimely and through long administrative procedures faced with misuses of official authorization, incompetent and careless behavior with disrespect of the human dignity and the legal regulative and its inappropriate implementation.
The court proceedings since many years are slow and inefficient that is partially a result of subjective weaknesses because of incompetent and careless behavior, lack of sufficient training of the court and administrative personnel, but as well from objective condition and possibilities in which the court system is functioning. Because of this the clients cannot fulfill their right of trial in a reasonable deadline.
In the police proceedings it was determined violation of human rights with excessive use of means of coercion and misuse of other police authorization by police officials.
The Sector for internal control and professional standards shows unprofessional attitude in fulfillment of the function internal control mechanism by covering the negative condition during the police procedure, which obstructs the work of the Ombudsman.
The Penitentionary system is overburdened and is functioning with numerous problems because of the bad material condition, disorganized security situation, unprofessional management of the houses of correction and borstal institutions and can not secure dignified stay of the convicted persons which places that group of population in the margins of the society.
Denationalization – return of the property to the former owners is stopped because of the selective approach of the Commission for solving in the administrative procedure at a second instance upon the cases in the field of denationalization and it brings to a question mark all the process.
The administrative acts for demolishing of the illegal constructions are not executed, whereas at the small percent of execution that is done selectively.
There is a lack of conscious and awareness for protecting the environment and the measures for its protection are not undertaken.
There are gaps and illegal proceedings during the procedures for fulfillment of the right of working relation, especially while undertaking employees from state level to local level.
The Commission for accommodation issue within the Government of Republic of Macedonia acts timely upon the requests of the citizen.
The level of the social security is not in a satisfactory level and is facing difficulties, inconsistency and untimely in fulfillment of the rights from the social security, pension and disability insurance and the health insurance, as well as untimely, partiality and bribery proceeding of the commission for evaluating the working abilities.
There are inadequate condition and unequal opportunities for dignified fulfillment of the rights for every child in the Republic of Macedonia, but the number of cases of violence towards children is increased.
The law for higher education is inappropriately implemented during the obligation or realize from the study costs, whereas the student standard is unsatisfactory.
The level of communication between the service providers and citizen – users is unprofessional, unsatisfactory, and there is a lack of appropriate regulative that would have secured appropriate protection and control over the monopoly on the market.
The absence of special law for protection from discrimination does not give any opportunity to determine appearances of discrimination and to provide appropriate protection to victims of discrimination.
Inconsistent implementation of the Principe of appropriate and equal representation of members of the communities.
The cooperation with the Ombudsman in 2005 was at a higher level than the previous years, but there were cases of non-cooperation and non-implementation of referred recommendation that was an obstacle in the work. The non-cooperation was especially expressed from the Ministry of Internal Affairs – Sector for Internal Control and Professional standards because not delivering the information and data upon complaints that were referring to violation of the rights by exceeding the official authorization and the exceeded use of force.
The Commission for solving the administrative proceedings in a second instance in the area of denationalization did not acted upon the recommendation of the Ombudsman; completely stopped the process of denationalization, fulfillment of the rights on this basis obstructed the work of the Ombudsman.
Incorrect relation and non-cooperation was noticed as well in the second instance governmental commission that decides upon cases in the field of property - legal issues and allocation of working land, measuring, cadastre and including rights of real estate, from transport and communication, environment until Ministry of Education and science and Ministry of labor and social policy, Commission for denationalization within the ministry of Finance, sector for arranging and documenting the construction land within Ministry of transport and communication and the Sector for measuring and cadastre of the State bureau for geodetic matters.5

HRW and Helsinki Watch

International rankings

Ombudsman's Report

See also