Hu Haichang
Encyclopedia
Hu Haichang (Chinese
: 胡海昌), is a notable Chinese
mechanical
and astronautic
engineer
. He was in charge of the early phase development for Dong Fang Hong I
, which is the first artificial satellite
of China
. Hu is also a senior academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)
.
, Zhejiang Province in April 1928. Hu graduated from the Department of Civil Engineering, Zhejiang University
in Hangzhou, and his academic advisor was Chien Wei-zang.
After graduation Hu joined the Institute of Mechanics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) in Beijing
, which was mainly founded by Tsien Hsue-shen
in 1950s. Since 1968 till retired, Hu worked for the CAS Department of Spacecraft System Design.
Hu mainly generalized some versatile variational principles especially in elastic
mechanics and promoted their corresponding applications such as in the spacecraft
system design. Hu worked for China's spacecraft system design as early as 1966. Hu was in charge of the general system and structure design both for the Dong Fang Hong I and Dong Fang Hong II
satellites in their early development phases.
Since 1993, Hu has been a senior advisor and member of the Science and Technology Commission of the China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation
, a technical consultant of the China Academy of Space Technology
. He is the current Honorary Director of the Science and Technology Commission of the Department of Spacecraft System Design.
Hu is the Chief Director of the Chinese Society for Vibrational Engineering (Traditional/Simplified Chinese: 中國振動工程學會/中国振动工程学会) and a vice-president of the Chinese Society of Mechanics (中國力學學會/中国力学学会).
Hu is a part-time professor
of Peking University
in Beijing, Zhejiang University and Jilin University
in Changchun
, Jilin Province. Hu is titled as an Honorary Professor of Qingdao University
in Qingdao
, Shandong Province. Hu was elected as a member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences.
and the Hu-Washizu functional in continuum mechanics
is named after him.
The Hu Hai-chang's solution or Hu's solution for the 3-dimensional problems in the theory of elasticity of a transversely isotropic body, is also named after Hu.
Chinese language
The Chinese language is a language or language family consisting of varieties which are mutually intelligible to varying degrees. Originally the indigenous languages spoken by the Han Chinese in China, it forms one of the branches of Sino-Tibetan family of languages...
: 胡海昌), is a notable Chinese
China
Chinese civilization may refer to:* China for more general discussion of the country.* Chinese culture* Greater China, the transnational community of ethnic Chinese.* History of China* Sinosphere, the area historically affected by Chinese culture...
mechanical
Mechanical engineering
Mechanical engineering is a discipline of engineering that applies the principles of physics and materials science for analysis, design, manufacturing, and maintenance of mechanical systems. It is the branch of engineering that involves the production and usage of heat and mechanical power for the...
and astronautic
Astronautics
Astronautics, and related astronautical engineering, is the theory and practice of navigation beyond the Earth's atmosphere. In other words, it is the science and technology of space flight....
engineer
Engineer
An engineer is a professional practitioner of engineering, concerned with applying scientific knowledge, mathematics and ingenuity to develop solutions for technical problems. Engineers design materials, structures, machines and systems while considering the limitations imposed by practicality,...
. He was in charge of the early phase development for Dong Fang Hong I
Dong Fang Hong I
Dong Fang Hong I , also known as China 1, was the People's Republic of China's first space satellite, launched successfully on April 24, 1970 as part of the PRC's Dong Fang Hong space satellite program. At 173 kg , it was heavier than the first satellites of other countries. The satellite carried...
, which is the first artificial satellite
Satellite
In the context of spaceflight, a satellite is an object which has been placed into orbit by human endeavour. Such objects are sometimes called artificial satellites to distinguish them from natural satellites such as the Moon....
of China
People's Republic of China
China , officially the People's Republic of China , is the most populous country in the world, with over 1.3 billion citizens. Located in East Asia, the country covers approximately 9.6 million square kilometres...
. Hu is also a senior academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)
Chinese Academy of Sciences
The Chinese Academy of Sciences , formerly known as Academia Sinica, is the national academy for the natural sciences of the People's Republic of China. It is an institution of the State Council of China. It is headquartered in Beijing, with institutes all over the People's Republic of China...
.
Biography
Hu was born in HangzhouHangzhou
Hangzhou , formerly transliterated as Hangchow, is the capital and largest city of Zhejiang Province in Eastern China. Governed as a sub-provincial city, and as of 2010, its entire administrative division or prefecture had a registered population of 8.7 million people...
, Zhejiang Province in April 1928. Hu graduated from the Department of Civil Engineering, Zhejiang University
Zhejiang University
Zhejiang University , sometimes referred to as Zheda, is a national university in China. Founded in 1897, Zhejiang University is one of China's oldest institutions of higher education...
in Hangzhou, and his academic advisor was Chien Wei-zang.
After graduation Hu joined the Institute of Mechanics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) in Beijing
Beijing
Beijing , also known as Peking , is the capital of the People's Republic of China and one of the most populous cities in the world, with a population of 19,612,368 as of 2010. The city is the country's political, cultural, and educational center, and home to the headquarters for most of China's...
, which was mainly founded by Tsien Hsue-shen
Tsien Hsue-shen
Qian Xuesen was a scientist who made important contributions to the missile and space programs of both the United States and People's Republic of China. Historical documents in the U. S. commonly refer to him with the earlier family-name last spelling, Hsue-Shen Tsien or H.S...
in 1950s. Since 1968 till retired, Hu worked for the CAS Department of Spacecraft System Design.
Hu mainly generalized some versatile variational principles especially in elastic
Elasticity (physics)
In physics, elasticity is the physical property of a material that returns to its original shape after the stress that made it deform or distort is removed. The relative amount of deformation is called the strain....
mechanics and promoted their corresponding applications such as in the spacecraft
Spacecraft
A spacecraft or spaceship is a craft or machine designed for spaceflight. Spacecraft are used for a variety of purposes, including communications, earth observation, meteorology, navigation, planetary exploration and transportation of humans and cargo....
system design. Hu worked for China's spacecraft system design as early as 1966. Hu was in charge of the general system and structure design both for the Dong Fang Hong I and Dong Fang Hong II
Dong Fang Hong 02
Dong Fang Hong 02 was a primary television satellite used by China during the later part of the 20th century. It was developed at the Chinese Academy of Space Technology and had a design life 4.5 years. The first satellite in this group was launched into a geosynchronous orbit on April 8, 1984...
satellites in their early development phases.
Since 1993, Hu has been a senior advisor and member of the Science and Technology Commission of the China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation
China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation
The China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation is the main contractor for the Chinese space program. It is state-owned and has a number of subordinate entities which design, develop and manufacture a range of spacecraft, launch vehicles, strategic and tactical missile systems, and ground...
, a technical consultant of the China Academy of Space Technology
China Academy of Space Technology
The China Academy of Space Technology is an organizational unit of China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation .CAST designs and manufactures Dong Fang Hong satellites.- External links :...
. He is the current Honorary Director of the Science and Technology Commission of the Department of Spacecraft System Design.
Hu is the Chief Director of the Chinese Society for Vibrational Engineering (Traditional/Simplified Chinese: 中國振動工程學會/中国振动工程学会) and a vice-president of the Chinese Society of Mechanics (中國力學學會/中国力学学会).
Hu is a part-time professor
Professor
A professor is a scholarly teacher; the precise meaning of the term varies by country. Literally, professor derives from Latin as a "person who professes" being usually an expert in arts or sciences; a teacher of high rank...
of Peking University
Peking University
Peking University , colloquially known in Chinese as Beida , is a major research university located in Beijing, China, and a member of the C9 League. It is the first established modern national university of China. It was founded as Imperial University of Peking in 1898 as a replacement of the...
in Beijing, Zhejiang University and Jilin University
Jilin University
Jilin University is a leading national university under the direct jurisdiction of China's Ministry of Education.-History:Founded in 1946 as the Northeast College of Administration in Harbin, Heilongjiang, Jilin University merged with many Universities and colleges and changed its name many times...
in Changchun
Changchun
Changchun is the capital and largest city of Jilin province, located in the northeast of the People's Republic of China, in the center of the Songliao Plain. It is administered as a sub-provincial city with a population of 7,677,089 at the 2010 census under its jurisdiction, including counties and...
, Jilin Province. Hu is titled as an Honorary Professor of Qingdao University
Qingdao University
Qingdao University is located in Qingdao, China. The modern Qingdao University was founded in 1993 with incorporating 3 other local colleges of Qingdao.-Composition:...
in Qingdao
Qingdao
' also known in the West by its postal map spelling Tsingtao, is a major city with a population of over 8.715 million in eastern Shandong province, Eastern China. Its built up area, made of 7 urban districts plus Jimo city, is home to about 4,346,000 inhabitants in 2010.It borders Yantai to the...
, Shandong Province. Hu was elected as a member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences.
Academic contributions
The Hu Washizu principleHu Washizu principle
In continuum mechanics, and in particular in finite element analysis, the Hu-Washizu principle is a variational principle which says that the action...
and the Hu-Washizu functional in continuum mechanics
Continuum mechanics
Continuum mechanics is a branch of mechanics that deals with the analysis of the kinematics and the mechanical behavior of materials modelled as a continuous mass rather than as discrete particles...
is named after him.
The Hu Hai-chang's solution or Hu's solution for the 3-dimensional problems in the theory of elasticity of a transversely isotropic body, is also named after Hu.