History of photovoltaics
Encyclopedia

2009

Produced, installed & total photovoltaic peak power capacity (MWp) as of the end of 2009
Country or Region
Report Nat. Int.
off
grid
Δ
on
grid
Δ
Installed
2009
off
grid
Σ
on
grid
Σ
Total
2009
Wp/capita
Total
Module
Price
$/Wp
Feed-in Tariff
Feed-in Tariff
A feed-in tariff is a policy mechanism designed to accelerate investment in renewable energy technologies. It achieves this by offering long-term contracts to renewable energy producers, typically based on the cost of generation of each technology...


USD¢/kW·h
World 75 6,113 6,188 837 19,543 20,381
 Germany 5 3,840 3,845 45 9,800 9,845 119.6
 Spain 0 60 60 31 3,492 3,523 76.1
 Japan 3.8 479.2 483.0 95 2,533 2,627 20.7
 United States 40 433.1 473.1 410 1,232 1,642 5.3
 Italy 0 723 723 13 1168 1,181 20.3
 South Korea 0 84.4 84.4 5.9 436.0 441.9 9.1
 Early Modern France 0.2 250 250.2 23 407 430 6.7
 Australia 10.56 68.57 79.13 83.91 99.7 183.7 8.3
 Canada 7.71 54.14 61.85 35.2 59.37 94.57 2.8
 Switzerland 0.2 25.5 25.7 4 69.6 73.6 9.7
 Netherlands 0.091 10.58 10.67 5 62.5 67.5 4.1
 Austria 0.25 19.96 20.21 3.61 48.99 52.60 6.4
 United Kingdom 0.155 6.922 7.077 1.75 27.85 29.59 0.4
 Mexico 2.47 0.80 3.27 23.72 1.30 25.02 0.2
 Israel 0.5 21 21.5 2.9 21.63 24.53 3.4
 Portugal 0.2 14.25 14.45 2.841 15.03 17.87 1.7
 Malaysia 2 0.287 2.287 10 1.063 11.06 0.4
 Sweden 0.338 0.516 0.854 5.169 3.595 8.764 1.0
 Norway 0.32 0 0.32 8.530 0.132 8.662 1.9
 Denmark 0.2 1.2 1.3 0.540 4.025 4.565 0.8
 Turkey 0.9 0.1 1 4.5 0.5 5 0.1
Country or Region
Report Nat. Int.
off
grid
Δ
on
grid
Δ
Installed
2009
off
grid
Σ
on
grid
Σ
Total
2009
Wp/capita
Total
Module
Price
$/Wp
Feed-in Tariff
Feed-in Tariff
A feed-in tariff is a policy mechanism designed to accelerate investment in renewable energy technologies. It achieves this by offering long-term contracts to renewable energy producers, typically based on the cost of generation of each technology...


USD¢/kW·h

2007

Produced, installed & total photovoltaic peak power capacity (MWp) as of the end of 2007
Country or Region
Report Nat. Int.
off
grid
Δ
on
grid
Δ
Installed
2007
off
grid
Σ
on
grid
Σ
Total
2007
Wp/capita
Total
Module
Price
Euro
The euro is the official currency of the eurozone: 17 of the 27 member states of the European Union. It is also the currency used by the Institutions of the European Union. The eurozone consists of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg,...

/Wp
kW·h/kWp·yr
Insolation
Insolation
Insolation is a measure of solar radiation energy received on a given surface area in a given time. It is commonly expressed as average irradiance in watts per square meter or kilowatt-hours per square meter per day...


Feed-in Tariff
Feed-in Tariff
A feed-in tariff is a policy mechanism designed to accelerate investment in renewable energy technologies. It achieves this by offering long-term contracts to renewable energy producers, typically based on the cost of generation of each technology...


EU¢
Euro
The euro is the official currency of the eurozone: 17 of the 27 member states of the European Union. It is also the currency used by the Institutions of the European Union. The eurozone consists of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg,...

/kW·h
World 127.9 2,130 2,258 662.3 7,178 7,841
 Germany 35 1,100 1,135 35 3,827 3,862 46.8
 Japan 1.562 208.8 210.4 90.15 1,829 1,919 15 Ended(2005)
 United States 55 151.5 206.5 325 505.5 830.5 2.8
 Spain 22 490 512 29.8 625.2 655 15.1
 Italy 0.3 69.9 70.2 13.1 107.1 120.2 2.1
 Australia 5.91 6.28 12.19 66.45 16.04 82.49 4.1
 South Korea 0 42.87 42.87 5.943 71.66 77.60 1.6
 Early Modern France 0.993 30.31 31.30 22.55 52.68 75.23 1.2
 Netherlands 0.582 1.023 1.605 5.3 48 53.3 3.3
 Switzerland 0.2 6.3 6.5 3.6 32.6 36.2 4.9
 Austria 0.055 2.061 2.116 3.224 24.48 27.70 3.4 >0
 Canada 3.888 1.403 5.291 22.86 2.911 25.78 0.8
 Mexico 0.869 0.15 1.019 20.45 0.3 20.75 0.2 None
 United Kingdom 0.16 3.65 3.81 1.47 16.62 18.09 0.3
 Portugal 0.2 14.25 14.45 2.841 15.03 17.87 1.7
 Norway 0.32 0.004 0.324 7.86 0.132 7.992 1.7 None
 Sweden 0.271 1.121 1.392 4.566 1.676 6.242 0.7 None
 Denmark 0.05 0.125 0.175 0.385 2.69 3.075 0.6 None
 Israel 0.5 0 0.5 1.794 0.025 1.819 0.3
Country or Region
Report Nat. Int.
off
grid
Δ
on
grid
Δ
Installed
2007
off
grid
Σ
on
grid
Σ
Total
2007
Wp/capita
Total
Module
Price
Euro
The euro is the official currency of the eurozone: 17 of the 27 member states of the European Union. It is also the currency used by the Institutions of the European Union. The eurozone consists of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg,...

/Wp
kW·h/kWp·yr
Insolation
Insolation
Insolation is a measure of solar radiation energy received on a given surface area in a given time. It is commonly expressed as average irradiance in watts per square meter or kilowatt-hours per square meter per day...

Feed-in Tariff
Feed-in Tariff
A feed-in tariff is a policy mechanism designed to accelerate investment in renewable energy technologies. It achieves this by offering long-term contracts to renewable energy producers, typically based on the cost of generation of each technology...


EU¢
Euro
The euro is the official currency of the eurozone: 17 of the 27 member states of the European Union. It is also the currency used by the Institutions of the European Union. The eurozone consists of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg,...

/kW·h


Notes: Off grid refers to photovoltaics which are not grid connected. On grid means connected to the local electricity grid. Δ means the amount installed during the previous year. Σ means the total amount installed. Wp/capita refers to the ratio of total installed capacity divided by total population, or total installed Wp per person. Module price is average installed price, in Euros. kW·h/kWp·yr indicates the range of insolation to be expected. While National Report(s) may be cited as source(s) within an International Report, any contradictions in data are resolved by using only the most recent report's data. Exchange rates represent the 2006 annual average of daily rates (OECD Main Economic Indicators June 2007).
Module Price: Lowest:2.5 EUR/Wp (2.83 USD/Wp) in Germany 2003. Uncited insolation data is from maps dating 1991-1995.
PV Power (2007-June) IEA PVPS website.

2006

Produced, installed & total photovoltaic peak power capacity (MWp) as of the end of 2006
Country or Region
Report Nat. Int.
Cells
Made
Modules
Made
off
grid
?
on
grid
?
Installed
2006
off
grid
?
on
grid
?
Total
06
Wp/capita
Total
Module
Price
Euro
The euro is the official currency of the eurozone: 17 of the 27 member states of the European Union. It is also the currency used by the Institutions of the European Union. The eurozone consists of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg,...

/Wp
kW·h/kWp·yr
Insolation
Insolation
Insolation is a measure of solar radiation energy received on a given surface area in a given time. It is commonly expressed as average irradiance in watts per square meter or kilowatt-hours per square meter per day...


Feed-in Tariff
Feed-in Tariff
A feed-in tariff is a policy mechanism designed to accelerate investment in renewable energy technologies. It achieves this by offering long-term contracts to renewable energy producers, typically based on the cost of generation of each technology...


EU¢
Euro
The euro is the official currency of the eurozone: 17 of the 27 member states of the European Union. It is also the currency used by the Institutions of the European Union. The eurozone consists of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg,...

/kW·h
World 2,523 2,092 97.48 1,452 1,549 712.7 5,150 5,862 0.879 2.5-11.2 0800-2902 0-59.3
 European Union 653.7 593.9 16.91 1,032 1,049 112.3 3,108 3,221 6.533 3.0-8.04 0800-2200 0-56.8
 Germany 514.0 341.0 3 950 953 32 2,831 2,863 34.78 4.0-5.3 1000-1300 51.8-56.8
 Japan 919.8 645.4 1.531 285.1 286.6 88.59 1,620 1,709 13.37 2.96 1200-1600 Ended(2005)
 United States 201.6 200.5 37 108 145 270 354 624 2.058 2.98 0900-2150 1.2-31.04(CA)
 Spain 75.3 9.1 51.4 60.5 17.8 100.4 118.2 2.620 3.0-4.5 1600-2200 18.38-44.04
 Mainland China 380 510 15 15 73 73 0.055 1300-2300
 Australia 36.0 7.6 7.576 2.145 9.721 60.54 9.765 70.30 3.327 4.5-5.4 1450-2902 0-26.4(SA'08)
 Netherlands 18.0 2.6 0.278 1.243 1.521 5.713 46.99 52.71 3.217 3.3-4.5 1000-1200 1.21-9.7
 Italy 11.0 27.0 0.5 12 12.5 12.8 37.2 50 0.846 3.2-3.6 1400-2200 36.0-49.0
 Early Modern France 33.5 36.0 1.478 9.412 10.89 21.55 22.38 43.93 0.685 3.2-5.1 1100-2000 30.0-55.0
 South Korea 18.0 16.9 0.28 20.93 21.21 5.943 28.79 34.73 0.716 3.50-3.84 1500-1600 56.5-59.3
 Thailand 20 6 6 30 30 0.477 2.5 2200-2400
 Switzerland 0.03 0.03 0.15 2.5 2.65 3.4 26.3 29.7 3.955 3.18-3.30 1200-2000 9.53-50.8
 Austria 0.274 1.29 1.564 3.169 22.42 25.59 3.076 3.6-4.3 1200-2000 >0
 Luxembourg 0.042 0.042 23.60 23.60 50.54 1100-1200
 Canada 0 2.35 3.354 0.384 3.738 18.98 1.508 20.48 0.620 3.76 0900-1750 0-29.48(ON)
 Mexico 0.938 0.116 1.054 19.59 0.155 19.75 0.185 5.44-6.42 1700-2600 None
 United Kingdom 1.9 89.4 0.376 3.007 3.383 1.3 12.96 14.26 0.232 3.67-5.72 0900-1300 0-11.74(exprt)
 India 43.4 65 6 6 12 12 0.010 1700-2500
 Norway 37.0 0 0.35 0.053 0.403 7.54 0.128 7.668 1.624 11.2 0800-0950 None
 Greece 1.049 0.201 1.25 5.081 1.613 6.694 0.601 1500-1900 40.0-50.0
 Sweden 0 55.4 0.302 0.301 0.613 4.285 0.555 4.84 0.529 3.24-7.02 0900-1050 None
 Belgium 2.103 2.103 0.053 4.108 4.161 0.398 1000-1200
 Finland 0.064 0.064 3.779 0.287 4.066 0.768 0800-1050
 Bangladesh 1.134 1.134 3.6 3.6 0.023 1900-2100
 Sri Lanka 0.65 0.65 3.6 3.6 0.187 2200-2400
 Portugal 0.25 0.227 0.477 2.691 0.775 3.466 0.326 1600-2200
 Denmark 0 0.525 0.04 0.21 0.25 0.335 2.565 2.9 0.531 5.36-8.04 0900-1100 None
 Nepal 0.333 0.333 2.333 2.333 0.083 1900-2200
 Israel 0 0 0.275 0.275 1.294 0.025 1.319 0.183 4.3 2200-2400 13.13-16.40
 Cyprus 0.08 0.44 0.52 0.45 0.526 0.976 1.142 1900-2200
 Czech Republic 42 0.241 0.241 0.15 0.621 0.771 0.075 1100-1300
 Malaysia 0 0 .00452 0.00452 0.486 0.486 0.018 4.73 1950-2250 None
 Poland 0.027 0.087 0.114 0.319 0.112 0.431 0.011 1100-1300
 Slovenia 0.183 0.183 0.098 0.265 0.363 0.180 1300-1500
 Republic of Ireland 0.3 0.3 0.070 1000-1200
 Kingdom of Bulgaria 0.12 0.12 0.2 0.2 0.026 1300-1800 38.5-40.0
 Hungary 0.09 0.065 0.155 0.015 1300-1500
 Slovakia 0.004 0.004 0.064 0.064 0.012 1200-1400
 Malta 0.033 0.033 0.048 0.048 0.118 2100-2200
 Lithuania 0.023 0.023 0.04 0.04 0.012 1100-1300
 Estonia 0.005 0.005 0.008 0.008 0.006 1100-1200
 Latvia 0.001 0.001 0.006 0.006 0.003 1100-1300
 Republic of China 170 1700-1900
 Philippines 63 1950-2250
 South Africa 30 1950-2250
Country or Region
Report Nat. Int.
Cells
Made
Modules
Made
off
grid
?
on
grid
?
Installed
2006
off
grid
?
on
grid
?
Total
06
Wp/capita
Total
Module
Price
Euro
The euro is the official currency of the eurozone: 17 of the 27 member states of the European Union. It is also the currency used by the Institutions of the European Union. The eurozone consists of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg,...

/Wp
kW·h/kWp·yr
Insolation
Insolation
Insolation is a measure of solar radiation energy received on a given surface area in a given time. It is commonly expressed as average irradiance in watts per square meter or kilowatt-hours per square meter per day...

Feed-in Tariff
Feed-in Tariff
A feed-in tariff is a policy mechanism designed to accelerate investment in renewable energy technologies. It achieves this by offering long-term contracts to renewable energy producers, typically based on the cost of generation of each technology...


EU¢
Euro
The euro is the official currency of the eurozone: 17 of the 27 member states of the European Union. It is also the currency used by the Institutions of the European Union. The eurozone consists of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg,...

/kW·h

Notes: While National Report(s) may be cited as source(s) within an International Report, any contradictions in data are resolved by using only the most recent report's data. Exchange rates represent the 2006 annual average of daily rates (OECD Main Economic Indicators June 2007)
Module Price: Lowest:2.5 EUR/Wp (2.83 USD/Wp) in Germany 2003. Uncited insolation data is lifted from maps dating 1991-1995.
PV Power (2007-June) IEA PVPS website.

2005

|+ Installed PV Power as of the end of 2005
|-
! rowspan=3 | Country
! colspan="5" | PV Capacity
|-
! colspan="3" | Cumulative
! colspan="2" | Installed in 2005
|-
! Off Grid PV [kW]
! On Grid [kW]
! Total [kW]
! Total [kW]
! Grid-tied [kW]
|-
| Germany >
29,000 1,400,000 1,429,000 635,000 632,000
|-
| Japan
87,057 1,334,851 1,421,908 289,917 287,105
|-
| United States
233,000 246,000 479,000 103,000 70,000
|-
| Australia
41,841 8,740 60,581 8,280 1,980
|-
| Spain
15,800 41,600 57,400 20,400 18,600
|-
| Netherlands
4,919 45,857 50,776 1,697 1,547
|-
| Italy
12,300 15,200 37,500* 6,800 6,500
|-
| France
20,076 12,967 33,043 7,020 5,900
|-
| Switzerland
3,250 23,800 27,050 3,950 3,800
|-
| Austria
2,895 21,126 24,021 2,961 2,711
|-
| Mexico
18,654 40 18,694 513 30
|-
| Canada
15,622 1,124 16,746 2,862 612
|-
| South Korea
5,663 9,358 15,021 6,487 6,183
|-
| United Kingdom
924 9,953 10,877 2,732 2,567
|-
| Norway
7,177 75 7,252 362 0
|-
| Sweden
3,983 254 4,237 371 0
|-
| Denmark
295 2,355 2,650 360 320
|-
| Israel
1,019 25 1,044 158 2
|-

* Original source gives these individual numbers and totals them to 37,500 kW. The 2004 reported total was 30,700 kW. With new installations of 6,800 kW, this would give the reported 37,500 kW.

2004

|+ Installed PV Power as of the end of 2004
|-
! rowspan=3 style="background:#efefef; border-bottom:3px solid grey;" | Country
! colspan="5" style="background:#efefef;" | PV Capacity
|-
! colspan="3" style="background:#efefef;" | Cumulative
! colspan="2" style="background:#efefef;" | Installed in 2004
|-
! style="background:#efefef; border-bottom:3px solid grey;" | Off-grid PV [KW]
! style="background:#efefef; border-bottom:3px solid grey;" | Grid-connected [KW]
! style="background:#efefef; border-bottom:3px solid grey;" | Total [KW]
! style="background:#efefef; border-bottom:3px solid grey;" | Total [KW]
! style="background:#efefef; border-bottom:3px solid grey;" | Grid-tied [KW]
|-
| Japan >
84,245 1,047,746 1,131,991 272,368 >-
| Germany
26,000 768,000 794,000 363,000 >-
| United States
189,600 175,600 365,200 90,000 >-
| Australia
48,640 6,760 52,300 6,670 >-
| Netherlands
4,769 44,310 49,079 3,162 >-
| Spain
14,000 23,000 37,000 10,000 >-
| Italy
12,000 18,700 30,700 4,700 >-
| France
18,300 8,000 26,300 5,228 >-
| Switzerland
3,100 20,000 23,100 2,100 >-
| Austria
2,687 16,493 19,180 2,347 >-
| Mexico
18,172 10 18,182 1,041 >-
| Canada
13,372 512 13,884 2,054 >-
| Korea
5,359 4,533 9,892 3,454 >-
| United Kingdom
776 7,386 8,164 2,261 >-
| Norway
6,813 75 6,888 273

See also

  • Solar power by country
  • Timeline of solar cells
    Timeline of solar cells
    The timeline of solar cells begins in the 19th century when it is observed that the presence of sunlight is capable of generating usable electrical energy. Solar cells have gone on to be used in many applications...

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