History of photovoltaics
Encyclopedia
2009
Country or Region Report Nat. Int. |
off grid Δ |
on grid Δ |
Installed 2009 |
off grid Σ |
on grid Σ |
Total 2009 |
Wp/capita Total |
Module Price $/Wp |
Feed-in Tariff Feed-in Tariff A feed-in tariff is a policy mechanism designed to accelerate investment in renewable energy technologies. It achieves this by offering long-term contracts to renewable energy producers, typically based on the cost of generation of each technology... USD¢/kW·h |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
World | 75 | 6,113 | 6,188 | 837 | 19,543 | 20,381 | |||
Germany | 5 | 3,840 | 3,845 | 45 | 9,800 | 9,845 | 119.6 | ||
Spain | 0 | 60 | 60 | 31 | 3,492 | 3,523 | 76.1 | ||
Japan | 3.8 | 479.2 | 483.0 | 95 | 2,533 | 2,627 | 20.7 | ||
United States | 40 | 433.1 | 473.1 | 410 | 1,232 | 1,642 | 5.3 | ||
Italy | 0 | 723 | 723 | 13 | 1168 | 1,181 | 20.3 | ||
South Korea | 0 | 84.4 | 84.4 | 5.9 | 436.0 | 441.9 | 9.1 | ||
Early Modern France | 0.2 | 250 | 250.2 | 23 | 407 | 430 | 6.7 | ||
Australia | 10.56 | 68.57 | 79.13 | 83.91 | 99.7 | 183.7 | 8.3 | ||
Canada | 7.71 | 54.14 | 61.85 | 35.2 | 59.37 | 94.57 | 2.8 | ||
Switzerland | 0.2 | 25.5 | 25.7 | 4 | 69.6 | 73.6 | 9.7 | ||
Netherlands | 0.091 | 10.58 | 10.67 | 5 | 62.5 | 67.5 | 4.1 | ||
Austria | 0.25 | 19.96 | 20.21 | 3.61 | 48.99 | 52.60 | 6.4 | ||
United Kingdom | 0.155 | 6.922 | 7.077 | 1.75 | 27.85 | 29.59 | 0.4 | ||
Mexico | 2.47 | 0.80 | 3.27 | 23.72 | 1.30 | 25.02 | 0.2 | ||
Israel | 0.5 | 21 | 21.5 | 2.9 | 21.63 | 24.53 | 3.4 | ||
Portugal | 0.2 | 14.25 | 14.45 | 2.841 | 15.03 | 17.87 | 1.7 | ||
Malaysia | 2 | 0.287 | 2.287 | 10 | 1.063 | 11.06 | 0.4 | ||
Sweden | 0.338 | 0.516 | 0.854 | 5.169 | 3.595 | 8.764 | 1.0 | ||
Norway | 0.32 | 0 | 0.32 | 8.530 | 0.132 | 8.662 | 1.9 | ||
Denmark | 0.2 | 1.2 | 1.3 | 0.540 | 4.025 | 4.565 | 0.8 | ||
Turkey | 0.9 | 0.1 | 1 | 4.5 | 0.5 | 5 | 0.1 | ||
Country or Region Report Nat. Int. |
off grid Δ |
on grid Δ |
Installed 2009 |
off grid Σ |
on grid Σ |
Total 2009 |
Wp/capita Total |
Module Price $/Wp |
Feed-in Tariff Feed-in Tariff A feed-in tariff is a policy mechanism designed to accelerate investment in renewable energy technologies. It achieves this by offering long-term contracts to renewable energy producers, typically based on the cost of generation of each technology... USD¢/kW·h |
2007
Country or Region Report Nat. Int. |
off grid Δ |
on grid Δ |
Installed 2007 |
off grid Σ |
on grid Σ |
Total 2007 |
Wp/capita Total |
Module Price € Euro The euro is the official currency of the eurozone: 17 of the 27 member states of the European Union. It is also the currency used by the Institutions of the European Union. The eurozone consists of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg,... /Wp |
kW·h/kWp·yr Insolation Insolation Insolation is a measure of solar radiation energy received on a given surface area in a given time. It is commonly expressed as average irradiance in watts per square meter or kilowatt-hours per square meter per day... |
Feed-in Tariff Feed-in Tariff A feed-in tariff is a policy mechanism designed to accelerate investment in renewable energy technologies. It achieves this by offering long-term contracts to renewable energy producers, typically based on the cost of generation of each technology... EU¢ Euro The euro is the official currency of the eurozone: 17 of the 27 member states of the European Union. It is also the currency used by the Institutions of the European Union. The eurozone consists of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg,... /kW·h |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
World | 127.9 | 2,130 | 2,258 | 662.3 | 7,178 | 7,841 | ||||
Germany | 35 | 1,100 | 1,135 | 35 | 3,827 | 3,862 | 46.8 | |||
Japan | 1.562 | 208.8 | 210.4 | 90.15 | 1,829 | 1,919 | 15 | Ended(2005) | ||
United States | 55 | 151.5 | 206.5 | 325 | 505.5 | 830.5 | 2.8 | |||
Spain | 22 | 490 | 512 | 29.8 | 625.2 | 655 | 15.1 | |||
Italy | 0.3 | 69.9 | 70.2 | 13.1 | 107.1 | 120.2 | 2.1 | |||
Australia | 5.91 | 6.28 | 12.19 | 66.45 | 16.04 | 82.49 | 4.1 | |||
South Korea | 0 | 42.87 | 42.87 | 5.943 | 71.66 | 77.60 | 1.6 | |||
Early Modern France | 0.993 | 30.31 | 31.30 | 22.55 | 52.68 | 75.23 | 1.2 | |||
Netherlands | 0.582 | 1.023 | 1.605 | 5.3 | 48 | 53.3 | 3.3 | |||
Switzerland | 0.2 | 6.3 | 6.5 | 3.6 | 32.6 | 36.2 | 4.9 | |||
Austria | 0.055 | 2.061 | 2.116 | 3.224 | 24.48 | 27.70 | 3.4 | >0 | ||
Canada | 3.888 | 1.403 | 5.291 | 22.86 | 2.911 | 25.78 | 0.8 | |||
Mexico | 0.869 | 0.15 | 1.019 | 20.45 | 0.3 | 20.75 | 0.2 | None | ||
United Kingdom | 0.16 | 3.65 | 3.81 | 1.47 | 16.62 | 18.09 | 0.3 | |||
Portugal | 0.2 | 14.25 | 14.45 | 2.841 | 15.03 | 17.87 | 1.7 | |||
Norway | 0.32 | 0.004 | 0.324 | 7.86 | 0.132 | 7.992 | 1.7 | None | ||
Sweden | 0.271 | 1.121 | 1.392 | 4.566 | 1.676 | 6.242 | 0.7 | None | ||
Denmark | 0.05 | 0.125 | 0.175 | 0.385 | 2.69 | 3.075 | 0.6 | None | ||
Israel | 0.5 | 0 | 0.5 | 1.794 | 0.025 | 1.819 | 0.3 | |||
Country or Region Report Nat. Int. |
off grid Δ |
on grid Δ |
Installed 2007 |
off grid Σ |
on grid Σ |
Total 2007 |
Wp/capita Total |
Module Price € Euro The euro is the official currency of the eurozone: 17 of the 27 member states of the European Union. It is also the currency used by the Institutions of the European Union. The eurozone consists of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg,... /Wp |
kW·h/kWp·yr Insolation Insolation Insolation is a measure of solar radiation energy received on a given surface area in a given time. It is commonly expressed as average irradiance in watts per square meter or kilowatt-hours per square meter per day... |
Feed-in Tariff Feed-in Tariff A feed-in tariff is a policy mechanism designed to accelerate investment in renewable energy technologies. It achieves this by offering long-term contracts to renewable energy producers, typically based on the cost of generation of each technology... EU¢ Euro The euro is the official currency of the eurozone: 17 of the 27 member states of the European Union. It is also the currency used by the Institutions of the European Union. The eurozone consists of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg,... /kW·h |
Notes: Off grid refers to photovoltaics which are not grid connected. On grid means connected to the local electricity grid. Δ means the amount installed during the previous year. Σ means the total amount installed. Wp/capita refers to the ratio of total installed capacity divided by total population, or total installed Wp per person. Module price is average installed price, in Euros. kW·h/kWp·yr indicates the range of insolation to be expected. While National Report(s) may be cited as source(s) within an International Report, any contradictions in data are resolved by using only the most recent report's data. Exchange rates represent the 2006 annual average of daily rates (OECD Main Economic Indicators June 2007).
Module Price: Lowest:2.5 EUR/Wp (2.83 USD/Wp) in Germany 2003. Uncited insolation data is from maps dating 1991-1995.
PV Power (2007-June) IEA PVPS website.
2006
Country or Region Report Nat. Int. |
Cells Made |
Modules Made |
off grid ? |
on grid ? |
Installed 2006 |
off grid ? |
on grid ? |
Total 06 |
Wp/capita Total |
Module Price € Euro The euro is the official currency of the eurozone: 17 of the 27 member states of the European Union. It is also the currency used by the Institutions of the European Union. The eurozone consists of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg,... /Wp |
kW·h/kWp·yr Insolation Insolation Insolation is a measure of solar radiation energy received on a given surface area in a given time. It is commonly expressed as average irradiance in watts per square meter or kilowatt-hours per square meter per day... |
Feed-in Tariff Feed-in Tariff A feed-in tariff is a policy mechanism designed to accelerate investment in renewable energy technologies. It achieves this by offering long-term contracts to renewable energy producers, typically based on the cost of generation of each technology... EU¢ Euro The euro is the official currency of the eurozone: 17 of the 27 member states of the European Union. It is also the currency used by the Institutions of the European Union. The eurozone consists of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg,... /kW·h |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
World | 2,523 | 2,092 | 97.48 | 1,452 | 1,549 | 712.7 | 5,150 | 5,862 | 0.879 | 2.5-11.2 | 0800-2902 | 0-59.3 |
European Union | 653.7 | 593.9 | 16.91 | 1,032 | 1,049 | 112.3 | 3,108 | 3,221 | 6.533 | 3.0-8.04 | 0800-2200 | 0-56.8 |
Germany | 514.0 | 341.0 | 3 | 950 | 953 | 32 | 2,831 | 2,863 | 34.78 | 4.0-5.3 | 1000-1300 | 51.8-56.8 |
Japan | 919.8 | 645.4 | 1.531 | 285.1 | 286.6 | 88.59 | 1,620 | 1,709 | 13.37 | 2.96 | 1200-1600 | Ended(2005) |
United States | 201.6 | 200.5 | 37 | 108 | 145 | 270 | 354 | 624 | 2.058 | 2.98 | 0900-2150 | 1.2-31.04(CA) |
Spain | 75.3 | 9.1 | 51.4 | 60.5 | 17.8 | 100.4 | 118.2 | 2.620 | 3.0-4.5 | 1600-2200 | 18.38-44.04 | |
Mainland China | 380 | 510 | 15 | 15 | 73 | 73 | 0.055 | 1300-2300 | ||||
Australia | 36.0 | 7.6 | 7.576 | 2.145 | 9.721 | 60.54 | 9.765 | 70.30 | 3.327 | 4.5-5.4 | 1450-2902 | 0-26.4(SA'08) |
Netherlands | 18.0 | 2.6 | 0.278 | 1.243 | 1.521 | 5.713 | 46.99 | 52.71 | 3.217 | 3.3-4.5 | 1000-1200 | 1.21-9.7 |
Italy | 11.0 | 27.0 | 0.5 | 12 | 12.5 | 12.8 | 37.2 | 50 | 0.846 | 3.2-3.6 | 1400-2200 | 36.0-49.0 |
Early Modern France | 33.5 | 36.0 | 1.478 | 9.412 | 10.89 | 21.55 | 22.38 | 43.93 | 0.685 | 3.2-5.1 | 1100-2000 | 30.0-55.0 |
South Korea | 18.0 | 16.9 | 0.28 | 20.93 | 21.21 | 5.943 | 28.79 | 34.73 | 0.716 | 3.50-3.84 | 1500-1600 | 56.5-59.3 |
Thailand | 20 | 6 | 6 | 30 | 30 | 0.477 | 2.5 | 2200-2400 | ||||
Switzerland | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.15 | 2.5 | 2.65 | 3.4 | 26.3 | 29.7 | 3.955 | 3.18-3.30 | 1200-2000 | 9.53-50.8 |
Austria | 0.274 | 1.29 | 1.564 | 3.169 | 22.42 | 25.59 | 3.076 | 3.6-4.3 | 1200-2000 | >0 | ||
Luxembourg | 0.042 | 0.042 | 23.60 | 23.60 | 50.54 | 1100-1200 | ||||||
Canada | 0 | 2.35 | 3.354 | 0.384 | 3.738 | 18.98 | 1.508 | 20.48 | 0.620 | 3.76 | 0900-1750 | 0-29.48(ON) |
Mexico | 0.938 | 0.116 | 1.054 | 19.59 | 0.155 | 19.75 | 0.185 | 5.44-6.42 | 1700-2600 | None | ||
United Kingdom | 1.9 | 89.4 | 0.376 | 3.007 | 3.383 | 1.3 | 12.96 | 14.26 | 0.232 | 3.67-5.72 | 0900-1300 | 0-11.74(exprt) |
India | 43.4 | 65 | 6 | 6 | 12 | 12 | 0.010 | 1700-2500 | ||||
Norway | 37.0 | 0 | 0.35 | 0.053 | 0.403 | 7.54 | 0.128 | 7.668 | 1.624 | 11.2 | 0800-0950 | None |
Greece | 1.049 | 0.201 | 1.25 | 5.081 | 1.613 | 6.694 | 0.601 | 1500-1900 | 40.0-50.0 | |||
Sweden | 0 | 55.4 | 0.302 | 0.301 | 0.613 | 4.285 | 0.555 | 4.84 | 0.529 | 3.24-7.02 | 0900-1050 | None |
Belgium | 2.103 | 2.103 | 0.053 | 4.108 | 4.161 | 0.398 | 1000-1200 | |||||
Finland | 0.064 | 0.064 | 3.779 | 0.287 | 4.066 | 0.768 | 0800-1050 | |||||
Bangladesh | 1.134 | 1.134 | 3.6 | 3.6 | 0.023 | 1900-2100 | ||||||
Sri Lanka | 0.65 | 0.65 | 3.6 | 3.6 | 0.187 | 2200-2400 | ||||||
Portugal | 0.25 | 0.227 | 0.477 | 2.691 | 0.775 | 3.466 | 0.326 | 1600-2200 | ||||
Denmark | 0 | 0.525 | 0.04 | 0.21 | 0.25 | 0.335 | 2.565 | 2.9 | 0.531 | 5.36-8.04 | 0900-1100 | None |
Nepal | 0.333 | 0.333 | 2.333 | 2.333 | 0.083 | 1900-2200 | ||||||
Israel | 0 | 0 | 0.275 | 0.275 | 1.294 | 0.025 | 1.319 | 0.183 | 4.3 | 2200-2400 | 13.13-16.40 | |
Cyprus | 0.08 | 0.44 | 0.52 | 0.45 | 0.526 | 0.976 | 1.142 | 1900-2200 | ||||
Czech Republic | 42 | 0.241 | 0.241 | 0.15 | 0.621 | 0.771 | 0.075 | 1100-1300 | ||||
Malaysia | 0 | 0 | .00452 | 0.00452 | 0.486 | 0.486 | 0.018 | 4.73 | 1950-2250 | None | ||
Poland | 0.027 | 0.087 | 0.114 | 0.319 | 0.112 | 0.431 | 0.011 | 1100-1300 | ||||
Slovenia | 0.183 | 0.183 | 0.098 | 0.265 | 0.363 | 0.180 | 1300-1500 | |||||
Republic of Ireland | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.070 | 1000-1200 | ||||||||
Kingdom of Bulgaria | 0.12 | 0.12 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.026 | 1300-1800 | 38.5-40.0 | |||||
Hungary | 0.09 | 0.065 | 0.155 | 0.015 | 1300-1500 | |||||||
Slovakia | 0.004 | 0.004 | 0.064 | 0.064 | 0.012 | 1200-1400 | ||||||
Malta | 0.033 | 0.033 | 0.048 | 0.048 | 0.118 | 2100-2200 | ||||||
Lithuania | 0.023 | 0.023 | 0.04 | 0.04 | 0.012 | 1100-1300 | ||||||
Estonia | 0.005 | 0.005 | 0.008 | 0.008 | 0.006 | 1100-1200 | ||||||
Latvia | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.006 | 0.006 | 0.003 | 1100-1300 | ||||||
Republic of China | 170 | 1700-1900 | ||||||||||
Philippines | 63 | 1950-2250 | ||||||||||
South Africa | 30 | 1950-2250 | ||||||||||
Country or Region Report Nat. Int. |
Cells Made |
Modules Made |
off grid ? |
on grid ? |
Installed 2006 |
off grid ? |
on grid ? |
Total 06 |
Wp/capita Total |
Module Price € Euro The euro is the official currency of the eurozone: 17 of the 27 member states of the European Union. It is also the currency used by the Institutions of the European Union. The eurozone consists of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg,... /Wp |
kW·h/kWp·yr Insolation Insolation Insolation is a measure of solar radiation energy received on a given surface area in a given time. It is commonly expressed as average irradiance in watts per square meter or kilowatt-hours per square meter per day... |
Feed-in Tariff Feed-in Tariff A feed-in tariff is a policy mechanism designed to accelerate investment in renewable energy technologies. It achieves this by offering long-term contracts to renewable energy producers, typically based on the cost of generation of each technology... EU¢ Euro The euro is the official currency of the eurozone: 17 of the 27 member states of the European Union. It is also the currency used by the Institutions of the European Union. The eurozone consists of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg,... /kW·h |
Notes: While National Report(s) may be cited as source(s) within an International Report, any contradictions in data are resolved by using only the most recent report's data. Exchange rates represent the 2006 annual average of daily rates (OECD Main Economic Indicators June 2007)
Module Price: Lowest:2.5 EUR/Wp (2.83 USD/Wp) in Germany 2003. Uncited insolation data is lifted from maps dating 1991-1995.
PV Power (2007-June) IEA PVPS website.
2005
|-
! rowspan=3 | Country
! colspan="5" | PV Capacity
|-
! colspan="3" | Cumulative
! colspan="2" | Installed in 2005
|-
! Off Grid PV [kW]
! On Grid [kW]
! Total [kW]
! Total [kW]
! Grid-tied [kW]
|-
| Germany >
|-
| Japan
|-
| United States
|-
| Australia
|-
| Spain
|-
| Netherlands
|-
| Italy
|-
| France
|-
| Switzerland
|-
| Austria
|-
| Mexico
|-
| Canada
|-
| South Korea
|-
| United Kingdom
|-
| Norway
|-
| Sweden
|-
| Denmark
|-
| Israel
|-
* Original source gives these individual numbers and totals them to 37,500 kW. The 2004 reported total was 30,700 kW. With new installations of 6,800 kW, this would give the reported 37,500 kW.
2004
|-
! rowspan=3 style="background:#efefef; border-bottom:3px solid grey;" | Country
! colspan="5" style="background:#efefef;" | PV Capacity
|-
! colspan="3" style="background:#efefef;" | Cumulative
! colspan="2" style="background:#efefef;" | Installed in 2004
|-
! style="background:#efefef; border-bottom:3px solid grey;" | Off-grid PV [KW]
! style="background:#efefef; border-bottom:3px solid grey;" | Grid-connected [KW]
! style="background:#efefef; border-bottom:3px solid grey;" | Total [KW]
! style="background:#efefef; border-bottom:3px solid grey;" | Total [KW]
! style="background:#efefef; border-bottom:3px solid grey;" | Grid-tied [KW]
|-
| Japan >
| Germany
| United States
| Australia
| Netherlands
| Spain
| Italy
| France
| Switzerland
| Austria
| Mexico
| Canada
| Korea
| United Kingdom
| Norway
See also
- Solar power by country
- Timeline of solar cellsTimeline of solar cellsThe timeline of solar cells begins in the 19th century when it is observed that the presence of sunlight is capable of generating usable electrical energy. Solar cells have gone on to be used in many applications...