Histone H2A
Encyclopedia
Histone H2A is one of the 5 main histone
protein
s involved in the structure of chromatin
in eukaryotic cells. Featuring a main globular domain and a long N terminal tail, H2A is involved with the structure of the nucleosome
s of the 'beads on a string' structure.
Other histone
proteins involved:
H1
H2B
H3
H4
H2AFB1
,
H2AFB2
,
H2AFB3,
H2AFJ
,
H2AFV
,
H2AFX
,
H2AFY
,
H2AFY2
,
and H2AFZ
Histone
In biology, histones are highly alkaline proteins found in eukaryotic cell nuclei that package and order the DNA into structural units called nucleosomes. They are the chief protein components of chromatin, acting as spools around which DNA winds, and play a role in gene regulation...
protein
Protein
Proteins are biochemical compounds consisting of one or more polypeptides typically folded into a globular or fibrous form, facilitating a biological function. A polypeptide is a single linear polymer chain of amino acids bonded together by peptide bonds between the carboxyl and amino groups of...
s involved in the structure of chromatin
Chromatin
Chromatin is the combination of DNA and proteins that make up the contents of the nucleus of a cell. The primary functions of chromatin are; to package DNA into a smaller volume to fit in the cell, to strengthen the DNA to allow mitosis and meiosis and prevent DNA damage, and to control gene...
in eukaryotic cells. Featuring a main globular domain and a long N terminal tail, H2A is involved with the structure of the nucleosome
Nucleosome
Nucleosomes are the basic unit of DNA packaging in eukaryotes, consisting of a segment of DNA wound around a histone protein core. This structure is often compared to thread wrapped around a spool....
s of the 'beads on a string' structure.
Other histone
Histone
In biology, histones are highly alkaline proteins found in eukaryotic cell nuclei that package and order the DNA into structural units called nucleosomes. They are the chief protein components of chromatin, acting as spools around which DNA winds, and play a role in gene regulation...
proteins involved:
H1
Histone H1
Histone H1 is one of the five main histone protein families which are components of chromatin in eukaryotic cells. Though highly conserved, it is nevertheless the most variable histone in sequence across species.- Structure :...
H2B
Histone H2B
Histone H2B is one of the 5 main histone proteins involved in the structure of chromatin in eukaryotic cells. Featuring a main globular domain and a long N terminal tail H2B is involved with the structure of the nucleosomes of the 'beads on a string' structure.See nucleosome, histone and...
H3
Histone H3
Histone H3 is one of the five main histone proteins involved in the structure of chromatin in eukaryotic cells. Featuring a main globular domain and a long N-terminal tail, H3 is involved with the structure of the nucleosomes of the 'beads on a string' structure...
H4
Histone H4
Histone H4 is one of the 5 main histone proteins involved in the structure of chromatin in eukaryotic cells. Featuring a main globular domain and a long N terminal tail, H4 is a structural component of the nucleosome, and is subject to covalent modification, including acetylation and methylation,...
Sequence Variants
The term "Histone H2A" is intentionally non-specific and refers to a variety of closely related proteins that vary often by only a few amino acids. Notable variants include H2A.1, H2A.2, H2A.X, and H2A.Z.Genetics
H2A is coded by many genes in the human genome, including:H2AFB1
H2AFB1
Histone H2A-Bbd type 1 also known as H2A Barr body-deficient is a histone protein that in humans is encoded by the H2AFB1 gene .- Function :...
,
H2AFB2
H2AFB2
Histone H2A-Bbd type 2/3 also known as H2A Barr body-deficient is a histone protein that in humans is encoded by the H2AFB2 gene .- Function :...
,
H2AFB3,
H2AFJ
H2AFJ
Histone H2A.J is a protein that in humans is encoded by the H2AFJ gene.-Further reading:...
,
H2AFV
H2AFV
Histone H2A.V is a protein that in humans is encoded by the H2AFV gene.-Further reading:...
,
H2AFX
H2AFX
H2AX is one of several genes coding for histone H2A. In humans and other eukaryotes, the DNA is wrapped around histone-groups, consisting of core histones H2A, H2B, H3 and H4. Thus, the H2AX contributes to the histone-formation and therefore the structure of DNA.H2AX becomes phosphorylated on...
,
H2AFY
H2AFY
Core histone macro-H2A.1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the H2AFY gene.-Further reading:...
,
H2AFY2
H2AFY2
Core histone macro-H2A.2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the H2AFY2 gene.-Further reading:...
,
and H2AFZ
H2AFZ
Histone H2A.Z is a protein that in humans is encoded by the H2AFZ gene.-Further reading:...