Henry I of Jawor
Encyclopedia
Henry I of Jawor was a Duke of Jawor
-Lwówek
-Świdnica
-Ziębice
during 1301-1312 (with his brothers as co-rulers), sole Duke of Jawor-Lwówek since 1312 and Duke of Głogów since 1337 until his death.
He was the third son of Bolko I the Strict
, Duke of Jawor
-Lwówek
-Świdnica
-Ziębice
, by his wife Beatrix
, daughter of Otto V the Long, Margrave of Brandenburg
-Salzwedel
.
and his younger brother Bolko II
; however, because he was still a minor, Henry I and his siblings were placed under the care of their mother and the guardianship of their maternal uncle Herman, Margrave of Brandenburg-Salzwedel until 1305, when the older brother Bernard was declared an adult and assumed the government and the guardianship of his brothers.
By 1307 he was considered old enough to participated actively in the government. In 1312 was made the first division of the Duchy: Henry I took Jawor
and Lwówek
.
Following the model of his father and brother Bernard, Henry I tried to kept his political independence and refuse to submit to any of his powerful neighbors. To this end, he approach to the oppositors to King John in Bohemia
, represented by the widow of King Wenceslaus II and daughter of the King Przemysł II of Poland, Elisabeth Richeza
and her lover, the powerful magnate Henryk z Lipy. In 1316 Queen Elisabeth, against the wishes of the King John, made the betrothal of her only daughter, Princess Agnes of Bohemia
, with Henry I, making him a potential competitor for the Bohemian crown against King John. Shortly after this, and with the consent of the Queen, Henry I took with his troops her Oprawa wdowia, Hradec Králové
, since where he could organized expeditions in support of the rebels against King John.
However, two years later, Henry I settled an agreement with King John, thanks to the mediation of Louis IV, Duke of Bavaria and German King
, Henry I brother-in-law. Shortly after, Queen Elisabeth decided to sell her fiefs to King John.
In 1319 Waldemar, Margrave of Brandenburg-Stendal
died without issue and with him, the branch of the House of Ascania who ruled Brandenburg since the 12th century, became extinct. Through his mother Beatrix, Henry I was one of the closest relatives of the late Margrave. Determined to obtain part of Waldemar's inheritance, he entered with troops and conquest the eastern Lusatia
and Zgorzelec
. At the same time, the western part of the district of Bautzen
was taken by King John of Bohemia. The division was formally accepted by King Louis IV, who became in the sovereign of Brandenburg after Waldemar's death. However, the Bohemian King refused to accept the loss of part of Lusatia, so in August and September of 1319 erupted a brief war, who ended with an arrangement for the disputed territory of September 22, that guarantees the status quo
in the district.
Ten years later, part of Lusatia returned to the Bohemia, when, for unknown reasons, the inhabitants of Zgorzelec asked the King to join the district to the Bohemian crown. Henry I eventually accepted to switched this land for the towns of Trutnov
and Hradec Králové, who were granted by King John only during his lifetime.
After 1329 Henry I only retained the Lusatian towns of Lubań
, Żytawa
, and Przewóz
. His possession over these lands ended in 1337, when after an agreement signed on 4 January in Wroclaw
, he received from Bohemia in exchange for his lands in Lusatia, the Duchy of Głogów, but only during his lifetime. This arrangement also made Henry I an independent ally of the Bohemian crown, and one of the most powerful and notorious Silesian Dukes of the Piast dynasty. Shortly after, in exchange to obtain Kąty Wrocławskie, Henry I paid homage to the Bohemian King.
In 1319 Henry I formally married with Agnes
(b. 15 June 1305 - d. 4 January 1337), the only child of King Wenceslaus II of Bohemia from his second marriage with Elisabeth Richeza of Poland
. However, because they are related in the fourth degree of kinship, was necessary to obtain the Papal dispensation for the wedding, who was granted only in 1325. The couple remained childless, although Agnes did have a pregnancy, but she suffered a miscarriage
in the first trimester, when she rode with her horse over a hill, who caused that she kept in bed for many months.
Henry I died by 15 May 1346, and was buried in the Grüssau Abbey
. Today, in Lwówek Śląski
was conserved a silver tumbstone, called "The Nun and the Knight" (rycerz i zakonnica), who apparently represented Henry I and his wife Agnes. Previously, the tumbstone was in the Franciscan
monastery of Lwówek.
Jawor
Jawor is a town in south-western Poland with 24,347 inhabitants . It is situated in Lower Silesian Voivodeship . It is the seat of Jawor County, and lies approximately west of the regional capital Wrocław.In the town can be found a Protestant Church of Peace...
-Lwówek
Lwówek
Lwówek is a town in Nowy Tomyśl County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, Poland, with 2,939 inhabitants ....
-Świdnica
Swidnica
Świdnica is a city in south-western Poland in the region of Silesia. It has a population of 60,317 according to 2006 figures. It lies in Lower Silesian Voivodeship, being the seventh largest town in that voivodeship. From 1975–98 it was in the former Wałbrzych Voivodeship...
-Ziębice
Ziebice
Ziębice is a town in Ząbkowice Śląskie County, Lower Silesian Voivodeship, in south-western Poland. It is the seat of the administrative district called Gmina Ziębice. Prior to 1945 it was in Germany...
during 1301-1312 (with his brothers as co-rulers), sole Duke of Jawor-Lwówek since 1312 and Duke of Głogów since 1337 until his death.
He was the third son of Bolko I the Strict
Bolko I the Strict
Bolko I the Strict also known as the Raw or of Jawor , was a Duke of Lwówek during 1278-81 and Jawor since 1278 , sole Duke of Lwówek since 1286, Duke of Świdnica-Ziębice since 1291.He was the second son of Bolesław II the Bald, Duke of Legnica by his first wife Hedwig, daughter of...
, Duke of Jawor
Jawor
Jawor is a town in south-western Poland with 24,347 inhabitants . It is situated in Lower Silesian Voivodeship . It is the seat of Jawor County, and lies approximately west of the regional capital Wrocław.In the town can be found a Protestant Church of Peace...
-Lwówek
Lwówek
Lwówek is a town in Nowy Tomyśl County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, Poland, with 2,939 inhabitants ....
-Świdnica
Swidnica
Świdnica is a city in south-western Poland in the region of Silesia. It has a population of 60,317 according to 2006 figures. It lies in Lower Silesian Voivodeship, being the seventh largest town in that voivodeship. From 1975–98 it was in the former Wałbrzych Voivodeship...
-Ziębice
Ziebice
Ziębice is a town in Ząbkowice Śląskie County, Lower Silesian Voivodeship, in south-western Poland. It is the seat of the administrative district called Gmina Ziębice. Prior to 1945 it was in Germany...
, by his wife Beatrix
Beatrice of Brandenburg
Beatrice of Brandenburg , was a German princess and a member of the House of Ascania in the Brandenburg branch. By her two marriages she was Duchess of Świdnica and Koźle-Bytom-Siewierz....
, daughter of Otto V the Long, Margrave of Brandenburg
Brandenburg
Brandenburg is one of the sixteen federal-states of Germany. It lies in the east of the country and is one of the new federal states that were re-created in 1990 upon the reunification of the former West Germany and East Germany. The capital is Potsdam...
-Salzwedel
Salzwedel
Salzwedel of Altmarkkreis Salzwedel, and has a population of approximately 21,500. Salzwedel is located on the German Framework Road.-Geography:...
.
Life
At the time of the death of his father in 1301 Henry I succeeded him in his domains together with his older brother BernardBernard of Świdnica
Bernard of Świdnica was a Duke of Jawor-Lwówek-Świdnica-Ziębice during 1301–1312 , of Świdnica-Ziębice during 1312–1322 , and sole Duke of Świdnica since 1322 until his death.He was the second son of Bolko I the Strict, Duke of Jawor-Lwówek-Świdnica-Ziębice, by his wife Beatrix, daughter of Otto V...
and his younger brother Bolko II
Bolko II of Ziębice
Bolko II of Ziębice was a Duke of Jawor-Lwówek-Świdnica-Ziębice in Poland from 1301 to 1312 , of Świdnica-Ziębice from 1312 to 1322 , and sole Duke of Ziębice from 1322 until his death.He was the fourth son of Bolko I the Strict, Duke of Jawor-Lwówek-Świdnica-Ziębice, by his wife Beatrix,...
; however, because he was still a minor, Henry I and his siblings were placed under the care of their mother and the guardianship of their maternal uncle Herman, Margrave of Brandenburg-Salzwedel until 1305, when the older brother Bernard was declared an adult and assumed the government and the guardianship of his brothers.
By 1307 he was considered old enough to participated actively in the government. In 1312 was made the first division of the Duchy: Henry I took Jawor
Jawor
Jawor is a town in south-western Poland with 24,347 inhabitants . It is situated in Lower Silesian Voivodeship . It is the seat of Jawor County, and lies approximately west of the regional capital Wrocław.In the town can be found a Protestant Church of Peace...
and Lwówek
Lwówek
Lwówek is a town in Nowy Tomyśl County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, Poland, with 2,939 inhabitants ....
.
Following the model of his father and brother Bernard, Henry I tried to kept his political independence and refuse to submit to any of his powerful neighbors. To this end, he approach to the oppositors to King John in Bohemia
Bohemia
Bohemia is a historical region in central Europe, occupying the western two-thirds of the traditional Czech Lands. It is located in the contemporary Czech Republic with its capital in Prague...
, represented by the widow of King Wenceslaus II and daughter of the King Przemysł II of Poland, Elisabeth Richeza
Elisabeth Richeza of Poland
Elisabeth Richenza of Poland was a daughter and the only surviving child of Przemysl II of Poland and his second wife Richenza of Sweden, herself a daughter of Valdemar I of Sweden and Sofia of Denmark.Her name at birth was Richeza; she adopted the name Elisabeth after her first marriage...
and her lover, the powerful magnate Henryk z Lipy. In 1316 Queen Elisabeth, against the wishes of the King John, made the betrothal of her only daughter, Princess Agnes of Bohemia
Agnes of Bohemia (1305–1337)
Agnes of Bohemia was the only child of King Wenceslaus II of Bohemia by his second wife, Elisabeth Richeza of Poland. She was a member of the Přemyslid dynasty.- Family :...
, with Henry I, making him a potential competitor for the Bohemian crown against King John. Shortly after this, and with the consent of the Queen, Henry I took with his troops her Oprawa wdowia, Hradec Králové
Hradec Králové
Hradec Králové is a city of the Czech Republic, in the Hradec Králové Region of Bohemia. The city's economy is based on food-processing technology, photochemical, and electronics manufacture. Traditional industries include musical instrument manufacturing – the best known being PETROF pianos...
, since where he could organized expeditions in support of the rebels against King John.
However, two years later, Henry I settled an agreement with King John, thanks to the mediation of Louis IV, Duke of Bavaria and German King
Louis IV, Holy Roman Emperor
Louis IV , called the Bavarian, of the house of Wittelsbach, was the King of Germany from 1314, the King of Italy from 1327 and the Holy Roman Emperor from 1328....
, Henry I brother-in-law. Shortly after, Queen Elisabeth decided to sell her fiefs to King John.
In 1319 Waldemar, Margrave of Brandenburg-Stendal
Waldemar, Margrave of Brandenburg-Stendal
Waldemar of Brandenburg was Margrave of Brandenburg-Stendal, the last from the Ascanian House.-Life:He was a son of Conrad, Margrave of Brandenburg-Stendal and Constance, daughter of Przemysł I of Greater Poland...
died without issue and with him, the branch of the House of Ascania who ruled Brandenburg since the 12th century, became extinct. Through his mother Beatrix, Henry I was one of the closest relatives of the late Margrave. Determined to obtain part of Waldemar's inheritance, he entered with troops and conquest the eastern Lusatia
Lusatia
Lusatia is a historical region in Central Europe. It stretches from the Bóbr and Kwisa rivers in the east to the Elbe valley in the west, today located within the German states of Saxony and Brandenburg as well as in the Lower Silesian and Lubusz voivodeships of western Poland...
and Zgorzelec
Zgorzelec
Zgorzelec is a town in south-western Poland with 33,278 inhabitants . It lies in Lower Silesian Voivodeship . It is the seat of Zgorzelec County, and also of the smaller district of Gmina Zgorzelec...
. At the same time, the western part of the district of Bautzen
Bautzen
Bautzen is a hill-top town in eastern Saxony, Germany, and administrative centre of the eponymous district. It is located on the Spree River. As of 2008, its population is 41,161...
was taken by King John of Bohemia. The division was formally accepted by King Louis IV, who became in the sovereign of Brandenburg after Waldemar's death. However, the Bohemian King refused to accept the loss of part of Lusatia, so in August and September of 1319 erupted a brief war, who ended with an arrangement for the disputed territory of September 22, that guarantees the status quo
Status quo
Statu quo, a commonly used form of the original Latin "statu quo" – literally "the state in which" – is a Latin term meaning the current or existing state of affairs. To maintain the status quo is to keep the things the way they presently are...
in the district.
Ten years later, part of Lusatia returned to the Bohemia, when, for unknown reasons, the inhabitants of Zgorzelec asked the King to join the district to the Bohemian crown. Henry I eventually accepted to switched this land for the towns of Trutnov
Trutnov
Trutnov is a city in the Hradec Králové Region of the Czech Republic. It has a population of 31,239 and lies in the Krkonoše in the valley of the Úpa River....
and Hradec Králové, who were granted by King John only during his lifetime.
After 1329 Henry I only retained the Lusatian towns of Lubań
Luban
Lubań is a town in southwest Poland north of the Jizera Mountains on the Kwisa river, with 22,137 inhabitants . Situated within the historic Upper Lusatia region, it today belongs to the Lower Silesian Voivodeship...
, Żytawa
Zittau
Zittau is a city in the south east of the Free State of Saxony, Germany, close to the border tripoint of Germany, Poland, and the Czech Republic. , there are 28,638 people in the city. It is part of the Görlitz district....
, and Przewóz
Przewóz
Przewóz is a village in Żary County, Lubusz Voivodeship, in western Poland. It lies on the Lusatian Neisse river, which marks the border with Germany. Przewóz is the seat of the gmina called Gmina Przewóz. It lies approximately south-west of Żary and south-west of Zielona Góra.The village has...
. His possession over these lands ended in 1337, when after an agreement signed on 4 January in Wroclaw
Wroclaw
Wrocław , situated on the River Oder , is the main city of southwestern Poland.Wrocław was the historical capital of Silesia and is today the capital of the Lower Silesian Voivodeship. Over the centuries, the city has been part of either Poland, Bohemia, Austria, Prussia, or Germany, but since 1945...
, he received from Bohemia in exchange for his lands in Lusatia, the Duchy of Głogów, but only during his lifetime. This arrangement also made Henry I an independent ally of the Bohemian crown, and one of the most powerful and notorious Silesian Dukes of the Piast dynasty. Shortly after, in exchange to obtain Kąty Wrocławskie, Henry I paid homage to the Bohemian King.
In 1319 Henry I formally married with Agnes
Agnes of Bohemia (1305–1337)
Agnes of Bohemia was the only child of King Wenceslaus II of Bohemia by his second wife, Elisabeth Richeza of Poland. She was a member of the Přemyslid dynasty.- Family :...
(b. 15 June 1305 - d. 4 January 1337), the only child of King Wenceslaus II of Bohemia from his second marriage with Elisabeth Richeza of Poland
Elisabeth Richeza of Poland
Elisabeth Richenza of Poland was a daughter and the only surviving child of Przemysl II of Poland and his second wife Richenza of Sweden, herself a daughter of Valdemar I of Sweden and Sofia of Denmark.Her name at birth was Richeza; she adopted the name Elisabeth after her first marriage...
. However, because they are related in the fourth degree of kinship, was necessary to obtain the Papal dispensation for the wedding, who was granted only in 1325. The couple remained childless, although Agnes did have a pregnancy, but she suffered a miscarriage
Miscarriage
Miscarriage or spontaneous abortion is the spontaneous end of a pregnancy at a stage where the embryo or fetus is incapable of surviving independently, generally defined in humans at prior to 20 weeks of gestation...
in the first trimester, when she rode with her horse over a hill, who caused that she kept in bed for many months.
Henry I died by 15 May 1346, and was buried in the Grüssau Abbey
Grüssau Abbey
Grüssau Abbey also known as Krzeszów Abbey refers to a historical Cistercian monastery in Krzeszów in Lower Silesia, and to a house of the Benedictine Order in the town of Bad Wimpfen in Baden-Württemberg, where the German Grüssau community moved in 1947, after their former abbey had become...
. Today, in Lwówek Śląski
Lwówek Slaski
Lwówek Śląski is a town in the Lower Silesian Voivodeship in Poland. Situated on the Bóbr River, Lwówek Śląski is about 30 km NNW of Jelenia Góra and has a population of about 10,300 inhabitants...
was conserved a silver tumbstone, called "The Nun and the Knight" (rycerz i zakonnica), who apparently represented Henry I and his wife Agnes. Previously, the tumbstone was in the Franciscan
Franciscan
Most Franciscans are members of Roman Catholic religious orders founded by Saint Francis of Assisi. Besides Roman Catholic communities, there are also Old Catholic, Anglican, Lutheran, ecumenical and Non-denominational Franciscan communities....
monastery of Lwówek.