Henry Hayes Lockwood
Encyclopedia
Henry Hayes Lockwood was an American
soldier and authority on military tactics.
, Delaware
. He graduated from the United States Military Academy
in 1836, served in the Seminole Wars
as a lieutenant in the Second Artillery, and resigned his commission in the next year. In 1841 he was made professor
of mathematics at the United States Naval Academy
, where from 1851 to 1866 he held the professorship of field artillery and infantry tactics. In 1856, his son, James Booth Lockwood
, was born. James would later go on to participate in and perish on the Lady Franklin Bay Expedition
in 1884.
as colonel of the 1st Delaware Infantry, was commissioned a brigadier general
of volunteers on August 8, 1861, and served in the defenses of the lower Potomac River
. He commanded a brigade attached to XII Corps
at the Battle of Gettysburg
. His brigade was kept directly under corps headquarters during the battle, because the acting corps commander, Brig. Gen.
Alpheus S. Williams
, did not want an unknown officer commanding 1st Division just because he was senior of Brig. Gen. Thomas H. Ruger
. The brigade was absorbed into the division after Williams returned to that command and Maj. Gen.
Henry W. Slocum resumed corps command. In the winter of 1863–64 Lockwood was commander of the Middle Department
, with headquarters at Baltimore, Maryland. Later he took part in the Richmond Campaign
, briefly commanding a division in V Corps
. He was sent back to the Middle Department because his corps commander, Maj. Gen. Gouverneur K. Warren
, did not find him sufficiently competent for so high a rank.
.
He was the author of Manual of Naval Batteries (1852) and Exercises in Small Arms and Field Artillery (1852).
United States
The United States of America is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district...
soldier and authority on military tactics.
Early life
Lockwood was born in Kent County, DelawareKent County, Delaware
Kent County is a county located in the central part of the U.S. state of Delaware. It is coextensive with the Dover, Delaware, Metropolitan Statistical Area. As of 2010 the population was 162,310, a 28.1% increase over the previous decade. The county seat is Dover, the state capital...
, Delaware
Delaware
Delaware is a U.S. state located on the Atlantic Coast in the Mid-Atlantic region of the United States. It is bordered to the south and west by Maryland, and to the north by Pennsylvania...
. He graduated from the United States Military Academy
United States Military Academy
The United States Military Academy at West Point is a four-year coeducational federal service academy located at West Point, New York. The academy sits on scenic high ground overlooking the Hudson River, north of New York City...
in 1836, served in the Seminole Wars
Seminole Wars
The Seminole Wars, also known as the Florida Wars, were three conflicts in Florida between the Seminole — the collective name given to the amalgamation of various groups of native Americans and Black people who settled in Florida in the early 18th century — and the United States Army...
as a lieutenant in the Second Artillery, and resigned his commission in the next year. In 1841 he was made professor
Professor
A professor is a scholarly teacher; the precise meaning of the term varies by country. Literally, professor derives from Latin as a "person who professes" being usually an expert in arts or sciences; a teacher of high rank...
of mathematics at the United States Naval Academy
United States Naval Academy
The United States Naval Academy is a four-year coeducational federal service academy located in Annapolis, Maryland, United States...
, where from 1851 to 1866 he held the professorship of field artillery and infantry tactics. In 1856, his son, James Booth Lockwood
James Booth Lockwood
James Booth Lockwood , was an American arctic explorer. He died on the ill-fated Lady Franklin Bay Expedition....
, was born. James would later go on to participate in and perish on the Lady Franklin Bay Expedition
Lady Franklin Bay Expedition
The 1881-1884 Lady Franklin Bay Expedition into the Canadian Arctic was led by Lt. Adolphus Greely and was promoted by the United States Army Signal Corps. Its purpose was threefold: to establish a meteorological-observation station as part of the First International Polar Year, to collect...
in 1884.
Civil War
Lockwood entered the Union ArmyUnion Army
The Union Army was the land force that fought for the Union during the American Civil War. It was also known as the Federal Army, the U.S. Army, the Northern Army and the National Army...
as colonel of the 1st Delaware Infantry, was commissioned a brigadier general
Brigadier general (United States)
A brigadier general in the United States Army, Air Force, and Marine Corps, is a one-star general officer, with the pay grade of O-7. Brigadier general ranks above a colonel and below major general. Brigadier general is equivalent to the rank of rear admiral in the other uniformed...
of volunteers on August 8, 1861, and served in the defenses of the lower Potomac River
Potomac River
The Potomac River flows into the Chesapeake Bay, located along the mid-Atlantic coast of the United States. The river is approximately long, with a drainage area of about 14,700 square miles...
. He commanded a brigade attached to XII Corps
XII Corps (ACW)
The XII Corps was a corps of the Union Army during the American Civil War.The corps was formed by U.S. War Department General Order of March 13, 1862, under which the corps organization of the Army of the Potomac was first created. By that order, five different corps were constituted: one of...
at the Battle of Gettysburg
Battle of Gettysburg
The Battle of Gettysburg , was fought July 1–3, 1863, in and around the town of Gettysburg, Pennsylvania. The battle with the largest number of casualties in the American Civil War, it is often described as the war's turning point. Union Maj. Gen. George Gordon Meade's Army of the Potomac...
. His brigade was kept directly under corps headquarters during the battle, because the acting corps commander, Brig. Gen.
Brigadier general (United States)
A brigadier general in the United States Army, Air Force, and Marine Corps, is a one-star general officer, with the pay grade of O-7. Brigadier general ranks above a colonel and below major general. Brigadier general is equivalent to the rank of rear admiral in the other uniformed...
Alpheus S. Williams
Alpheus S. Williams
Alpheus Starkey Williams was a lawyer, judge, journalist, U.S. Congressman, and a Union general in the American Civil War.-Early life:...
, did not want an unknown officer commanding 1st Division just because he was senior of Brig. Gen. Thomas H. Ruger
Thomas H. Ruger
Thomas Howard Ruger was an American soldier and lawyer who served as a Union general in the American Civil War. After the war, he was a superintendent of the United States Military Academy at West Point, New York....
. The brigade was absorbed into the division after Williams returned to that command and Maj. Gen.
Major general (United States)
In the United States Army, United States Marine Corps, and United States Air Force, major general is a two-star general-officer rank, with the pay grade of O-8. Major general ranks above brigadier general and below lieutenant general...
Henry W. Slocum resumed corps command. In the winter of 1863–64 Lockwood was commander of the Middle Department
Middle Department
The Middle Department was an administrative military district created by the United States War Department early in the American Civil War to administer the troops in the Middle Atlantic states....
, with headquarters at Baltimore, Maryland. Later he took part in the Richmond Campaign
Siege of Petersburg
The Richmond–Petersburg Campaign was a series of battles around Petersburg, Virginia, fought from June 9, 1864, to March 25, 1865, during the American Civil War...
, briefly commanding a division in V Corps
V Corps (ACW)
The V Corps was a unit of the Union Army of the Potomac during the American Civil War.-1862:The corps was first organized briefly under Nathaniel P. Banks, but then permanently on May 18, 1862, designated as the "V Corps Provisional"...
. He was sent back to the Middle Department because his corps commander, Maj. Gen. Gouverneur K. Warren
Gouverneur K. Warren
Gouverneur Kemble Warren was a civil engineer and prominent general in the Union Army during the American Civil War...
, did not find him sufficiently competent for so high a rank.
Postbellum career
After the war, Lockwood became a professor at the U.S. Naval Academy. He commanded the U.S. Naval Observatory from 1870 to 1876 and retired from service on August 18, 1876. He died in Georgetown, D.C., and is buried at the U.S. Naval Academy Cemetery in Annapolis, MarylandAnnapolis, Maryland
Annapolis is the capital of the U.S. state of Maryland, as well as the county seat of Anne Arundel County. It had a population of 38,394 at the 2010 census and is situated on the Chesapeake Bay at the mouth of the Severn River, south of Baltimore and about east of Washington, D.C. Annapolis is...
.
He was the author of Manual of Naval Batteries (1852) and Exercises in Small Arms and Field Artillery (1852).
See also
- List of American Civil War generals