Heel (professional wrestling)
Encyclopedia
In professional wrestling
Professional wrestling
Professional wrestling is a mode of spectacle, combining athletics and theatrical performance.Roland Barthes, "The World of Wrestling", Mythologies, 1957 It takes the form of events, held by touring companies, which mimic a title match combat sport...

, a heel (also known as a rudo in Lucha libre
Lucha libre
Lucha libre is a term used in Mexico, and other Spanish-speaking countries, for a form of professional wrestling that has developed within those countries...

) is a villain
Villain
A villain is an "evil" character in a story, whether a historical narrative or, especially, a work of fiction. The villain usually is the antagonist, the character who tends to have a negative effect on other characters...

 character. In non-wrestling jargon, heels are the "bad guys" in professional wrestling; the term heel coming from the term take to you heels, which means to run away which heel champions tend to do to avoid losing their titles.
storylines. They are typically opposed by a babyface
Face (professional wrestling)
In professional wrestling, a babyface or face or in simple words, a fan favorite is a character who is portrayed as a heroic relative to the heel wrestlers, who are analogous to villains...

 or more simply, face (crowd favorite). Some tweeners (not explicitly regarded as good or bad) exhibit heel mannerisms. Heels are often portrayed as behaving in an immoral manner, breaking rules or otherwise taking advantage of their opponents outside the bounds of the rules of the match. Others do not (or rarely) break rules, but exhibit unlikeable personality traits. No matter the type of heel, the most important job is that of the antagonist
Antagonist
An antagonist is a character, group of characters, or institution, that represents the opposition against which the protagonist must contend...

 role. Heels exist to provide a foil to the face wrestlers. If a given heel is cheered over the face, a promoter may opt to turn that heel to face, or to make the wrestler do something even more despicable to encourage heel heat
Heat (professional wrestling)
In professional wrestling, heat refers to both crowd reaction and real-life animosity between those involved in the professional wrestling business. In terms of crowd reaction, heat is usually either cheers for a babyface or boos for a heel...

.

History

The term "heel" is most likely derived from a slang
Slang
Slang is the use of informal words and expressions that are not considered standard in the speaker's language or dialect but are considered more acceptable when used socially. Slang is often to be found in areas of the lexicon that refer to things considered taboo...

 usage of the word that first appeared around 1914, meaning "contemptible person". Common heel behavior includes cheating to win (e.g., using the ropes for leverage while pinning or attacking with foreign objects while the referee is looking away), attacking other wrestlers backstage, interfering with other wrestlers' matches, insulting the fans (referred to as cheap heat), and acting in a haughty or superior manner.

Once in a while, faces who have recently turned from being heels will still exhibit some heel characteristics. For example, Kurt Angle
Kurt Angle
Kurt Steven Angle is an American professional wrestler, amateur wrestler, and 1996 Olympic gold medalist. He is currently under contract with Total Nonstop Action Wrestling, where he is recognized as a 15-time World Heavyweight Champion...

, even after turning face for his feud with Mark Henry
Mark Henry
Mark Jerrold Henry is an American professional wrestler signed with WWE, where he performs on its SmackDown brand as the reigning World Heavyweight Champion. He is a 1992 Olympian, and winner of the 2002 Arnold Strongman Classic...

, used a steel chair, an exposed steel ring peg, and leverage from the ropes during his pin to secure his victory at the Royal Rumble 2006
Royal Rumble (2006)
Royal Rumble was the nineteenth annual Royal Rumble professional wrestling pay-per-view event produced by World Wrestling Entertainment . It took place on January 29, 2006 in the American Airlines Arena in Miami, Florida and featured talent from the Raw and SmackDown! brands...

. John Cena
John Cena
John Felix Anthony Cena is an American professional wrestler, actor, rapper, and television personality. He is currently signed to WWE as a member of its WWE Raw brand....

, after his initial face turn, often used a steel chain to win some of his matches, such as the one against the Big Show at WrestleMania XX
WrestleMania XX
WrestleMania XX was the twentieth WrestleMania professional wrestling pay-per-view produced by World Wrestling Entertainment . It took place on March 14, 2004 at Madison Square Garden in New York....

. Cena also used heel tactics at Extreme Rules 2010 in his Last Man Standing Match against Batista when he was a major face, as he had to put the turnbuckle beetween and tape Batista's feet to secure the victory. Finlay
Dave Finlay
David John "Fit" Finlay Jr. is a Northern Irish professional wrestler and road agent. He is perhaps best known for his time in World Championship Wrestling and WWE as an active wrestler and later as a road agent...

 is also another example after his face turn as he continued to use his signature shillelagh
Shillelagh (club)
A shillelagh is a wooden walking stick and club or cudgel, typically made from a stout knotty stick with a large knob at the top, that is associated with Ireland and Irish folklore.- Construction :...

 to win matches illegally. Also certain wrestlers, such as Ric Flair
Ric Flair
Richard Morgan Fliehr is an American professional wrestler, better known by his ring name Ric Flair. Also known as "The Nature Boy", Flair is one of the most well-known professional wrestlers in the world....

 or Eddie Guerrero
Eddie Guerrero
Eduardo Gory "Eddie" Guerrero was a Mexican-American professional wrestler born into the Guerrero wrestling family. He wrestled in Mexico and Japan for several major professional wrestling promotions...

, gained popularity as faces by using heel tactics.

Heel Types

While behaving as a heel is often part of a wrestler's gimmick, many successful heels fall into one or more categories:
  • Crazy heel: A raging madman, dangerous and unpredictable - may attack others for no apparent reason, or blame others for being "held back" from championship opportunities and other privileges. Sometimes psychotic behavior is displayed. Examples of this would include Brian Pillman
    Brian Pillman
    Brian William Pillman was an American football player and professional wrestler best known for his appearances in the World Wrestling Federation, Extreme Championship Wrestling, and World Championship Wrestling....

    , Victoria
    Lisa Marie Varon
    Lisa Marie Varon , is an American professional wrestler, bodybuilder and fitness competitor of Puerto Rican and Turkish descent...

     (during her first heel run), Snitsky
    Gene Snitsky
    Eugene Alan "Gene" Snisky is a professional wrestler, better known by his ring name Snitsky, who is best known for his time spent with World Wrestling Entertainment. He had played college football at the University of Missouri and was on the pre-season roster in 1995 for the Birmingham Barracudas...

    , Brock Lesnar
    Brock Lesnar
    Brock Edward Lesnar is an American mixed martial artist, actor and a former professional and amateur wrestler. He is a former UFC Heavyweight Champion and is ranked the No.5 Heavyweight in the world by Sherdog...

     (during his final heel run), Edge (after his initial heel turn in 2004), Mick Foley
    Mick Foley
    Michael Francis "Mick" Foley, Sr. is an American semi-retired professional wrestler, author, comedian, actor, voice actor and former color commentator. He has worked for many wrestling promotions, including WWE, WCW, ECW and TNA. He is often referred to as "The Hardcore Legend", a nickname he...

     (when he debuted his Mankind persona), Randy Orton
    Randy Orton
    Randal Keith "Randy" Orton is an American professional wrestler and actor. He is signed to WWE wrestling on its SmackDown brand...

     (in 2009) and most recently, R-Truth
    Ron Killings
    Ronald Aaron "Ron" Killings is an American professional wrestler and rapper. He is currently signed to WWE working on its Raw brand. Since working for the company, he has been a one time United States Champion under the ring name R-Truth and a two time Hardcore Champion under the ring name K-Kwik...

     and Cody Rhodes. Certain foreign heels, such as Umaga, and The Great Khali, displayed these unpredictable tendencies due to poor (kayfabe) communication skill. Often, a wrestler who previously had a comic face gimmick will fall into this category after turning heel, such as Eugene's
    Nick Dinsmore
    Nicholas "Nick" Dinsmore , better known by his ring names Eugene and U-Gene, is an American professional wrestler...

     brief heel turn in late 2006.

  • Comic heel: A heel character with comical aspects to his or her gimmick. Though the heel's mannerisms and overall character are silly, the comic heel can still be a serious heel contender, such as former World Champion King Booker or Edge and Christian, who would be featured playing kazoos and exercising in chicken suits. Examples include Simon Dean, Doink the Clown, Melina
    Melina Perez
    Melina Nava Perez is an American professional wrestler currently signed to Women Superstars Uncensored. She is best known for her time with World Wrestling Entertainment under the ring mononym Melina....

     (with her screaming gimmick), Jillian Hall
    Jillian Hall
    Jillian Faye Fletcher is an American professional wrestler who is currently signed to Women Superstars Uncensored. She is also known for her tenure in World Wrestling Entertainment under the ring name Jillian Hall or simply Jillian...

     (with her "awful singing" gimmick), Santino Marella, Victoria, Chavo Guerrero, Jr, Chris Jericho
    Chris Jericho
    Christopher Keith Irvine , better known by his ring name Chris Jericho, is an inactive Canadian-American professional wrestler, musician, songwriter, radio personality, television host, actor, author, and dancer...

     (during his run in WCW), Kurt Angle
    Kurt Angle
    Kurt Steven Angle is an American professional wrestler, amateur wrestler, and 1996 Olympic gold medalist. He is currently under contract with Total Nonstop Action Wrestling, where he is recognized as a 15-time World Heavyweight Champion...

     and R-Truth
    Ron Killings
    Ronald Aaron "Ron" Killings is an American professional wrestler and rapper. He is currently signed to WWE working on its Raw brand. Since working for the company, he has been a one time United States Champion under the ring name R-Truth and a two time Hardcore Champion under the ring name K-Kwik...

     (with his' "Lil Jimmy" and fear-of-spiders
    Arachnophobia
    Arachnophobia or arachnephobia is a specific phobia, the fear of spiders and other arachnids such as scorpions. It is a manifestation of zoophobia, among the most common of all phobias. The reactions of arachnophobics often seem irrational to others...

     gimmicks).

  • Cowardly heel: A wrestler who, in addition to breaking the rules and displaying characteristics of other heel types, often runs from his face opponents when threatened or otherwise placed at a disadvantage. A cowardly heel who is champion may often intentionally get himself disqualified (through outside interference or deliberately breaking a rule in front of the referee) or counted out when he is clearly losing the match against a face, allowing him to retain his championship despite losing the match since championships usually do not change hands should the reigning champion lose by disqualification or countout. Cowardly heels will usually duck out of the ring whenever their most dominant babyface opponents make their theme entrance. One example of a cowardly heel is The Honky Tonk Man during his run as WWF Intercontinental Champion in 1987-1988. A recent example is John "Bradshaw" Layfield during his feud with Eddie Guerrero in 2004. Another example is Edge in his 2006-2008 heel run. And both Ted DiBiase and Cody Rhodes during their time in Legacy. Also, Randy Orton during his feud with John Cena. The Miz also used this tactics during his feud with Randy Orton in late 2010 to early 2011.

  • Traitor heel: A face who has turned a bad leaf. In addition, this character may usually go to such limits as to making a disrespectful remark in the ring which will not please the crowd, to making a brutal surprise attack on one of the crowd's favorite face wrestlers. Reasons of the attack may be over that face holding the title, or more fame and glory that the face receives. Bitter feuds are usually started after this act of betrayal which may go on between these two character for weeks, possibly even months. Chavo Guerrero in 2004 was a traitor heel, after he watched Shaniqua and the Basham Brothers attack his uncle Eddie Guerrero, and then attacked Eddie himself. At the night after Summerlsam 2004, Triple H was also a traitor heel when he used the group Evolution( Batista and Ric Flair) turned on Randy Orton when he become the youngest World Heavyweight champion. An example for a women's feud is the feud between Trish Stratus and Mickie James, with James constantly attacking Stratus's protege Ashley Massaro and turning on Stratus weeks before WrestleMania 22, claiming Trish never appreciated Mickie's 'love' for her. At the 2009 Royal Rumble, Matt Hardy
    Matt Hardy
    Matthew Moore "Matt" Hardy is a semi-retired American professional wrestler. He is best known for his stints in World Wrestling Entertainment and Total Nonstop Action Wrestling ....

     turned on his brother
    Jeff Hardy
    Jeffrey Nero "Jeff" Hardy is an American professional wrestler, who is currently signed to Total Nonstop Action Wrestling , where he is a former two–time TNA World Heavyweight Champion...

     by hitting him in the head with a steel chair, costing him the WWE Championship. Most recent is Batista turning on Rey Mysterio at the 2009 WWE Bragging Rights
    WWE Bragging Rights
    Bragging Rights was a professional wrestling pay-per-view event produced by World Wrestling Entertainment , which took place on October 25, 2009 at the Mellon Arena in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. It was the final pay-per-view to take place at the Mellon Arena. It was the first Bragging Rights event...

     PPV because Rey Mysterio "cost" Batista the World Heavyweight Championship
    World Heavyweight Championship (WWE)
    The World Heavyweight Championship is a professional wrestling world heavyweight championship in WWE. It is the world title of the SmackDown brand and one of two in WWE, complementing the WWE Championship of the Raw brand...

     in a Fatal-Four Way including The Undertaker and CM Punk.

  • Delinquent heel: A troublesome and disrespectful character who verbally and visually displays uncivilized conduct such as profanity, vandalism, violence and associated "criminal" behavior. Sometimes the wrestler will harass or bully opponents and rebel against authority. An example of this would be the original D-Generation X in 1997 and 1998. Other examples include Stone Cold Steve Austin, Hollywood Hogan and the New World Order, Edge and Lita during their Rated-R gimmick, Randy Orton during his feud with Triple H in early 2009, The Undertaker early in his "Big Evil" gimmick, Tazz during his feud with Jim Ross and Jerry Lawler in mid-2000, and most recently The Nexus. However, in some instances, these traits are also possessed by popular faces.

  • Egotistical heel: An obnoxious and self-important character who is arrogant or cocky; some wrestlers play roles on their own fame, achievements, or good looks and usually will continue to gloat non-stop despite the boos of the crowd. Examples include Ric Flair (with his wealthy and flamboyant ladies' man gimmick), Triple H, Hollywood Hogan, Austin Idol (who also had a "ladies' man" gimmick), Chris Jericho, Andy Kaufman, Edge, Christian, JBL, Vince McMahon, Trish Stratus, Randy Orton, Kurt Angle, Mr. Kennedy, MNM, John Morrison, Cody Rhodes, The Miz, Rick "The Model" Martel, MVP, Rick Rude, Shawn Michaels, and Alberto Del Rio.

  • Female heel: Female heels have traditionally tended to display unpleasant, prima donna-like personalities towards fans and opposing divas and wrestlers, and often excessive obsession over their image and looks. They have often interfered in matches and attacked opponents from behind without provocation. Female heels in recent history have shown jealousy towards her opponents, especially one that is receiving high-profile recognition. In response, the heel will try to prove her superiority over her opponent. Traditionally, female heels in wrestling have tended to lean toward the stereotype of a woman with loose morals, both in style of dress and in attitude (this was particularly true of the heel divas in ECW, such as Francine and Dawn Marie), and are often mocked or insulted by male faces for their supposed sexual immorality. Other female heels may look down on female faces, calling them "sluts" for playing to the crowd.

  • Foreign heel: In United States wrestling, these are heels who stir up the crowd by expressing strong anti-American sentiments. They may also refuse or be (kayfabe) unable to speak English, preferring instead to render their tirades through an interpreter. Often these characters would be topical, playing off global events and crises current at the time. Examples include the La Resistance tag team, Yokozuna, The Iron Sheik. In Mexican wrestling, Americans are often portrayed as heels. Alternatively, there is a variation on the foreign heel gimmick - a wrestler who is actually an American, but has turned his back on his country in favor of an (ostensibly superior) one (called a traitor heel). Muhammad Hassan is a unique example of the "traitor heel," having turned his back on America, not in favor of another country, but as an act of protest demanding respect as an American citizen. Another example is when Sgt. Slaughter turned on America and sided with Iraq during his feud with Hulk Hogan. The Un-Americans are another example of a stable with Canadian wrestlers Christian, Lance Storm and Test, who would hold an upside down American flag as they made their entrance. Normally, foreign heels are regional heroes in their native countries.

  • Monster heel: An unstoppable juggernaut who squashes his opponents. Sometimes, monster heels violently "injure" other wrestlers (sometimes through rule breaking tactics), terrorize valets (injuring them on occasion), and commit other heinous acts in order to set up a feud with a promotion's lead face. Notable examples include The Undertaker, Abyss, Kane, The Great Khali, Big Daddy V, Mark Henry, Umaga, Sid Eudy, Earthquake, Yokozuna, André the Giant, The Big Show, Vladimir Kozlov, Sheamus, Brock Lesnar, Brodus Clay, and Kevin Nash. Female monster heels, as they tend to be more physically imposing compared to the average woman, are often portrayed as Amazon-like warriors, capable of even holding their own against male wrestlers. Notable examples include Jazz, Victoria, Shaniqua, Chyna, Kharma, Nicole Bass, Natalya, and Beth Phoenix
    Beth Phoenix
    Elizabeth Kocianski is an American professional wrestler, currently signed to WWE where she wrestles on the Raw brand under the ring name Beth Phoenix, where she is the reigning WWE Divas Champion....

    . Some monster heels tend to show some cockiness due to their size. Kharma is a unique case as she acts in a similar manner to the male monster heels. They will also often feud with a face close to their size. These faces are known as Juggernauts. A current example of this is the now-heel, Mark Henry feuding with now-face, Big Show. Another example of this is Brodus Clay having recently squashed various jobbers on WWE Superstars
    WWE Superstars
    WWE Superstars is a professional wrestling television program produced by World Wrestling Entertainment that originally aired on WGN America in the United States. It debuted on April 16, 2009 and ended its domestic broadcasting on April 7, 2011...

    .

  • Popular heel: Certain heel performers are known to receive enthusiastic cheers from the fans instead of heel heat, in spite of their heelish antics. These heels display confidence, toughness, coolness, and bravado that set them apart from more cowardly heels, almost to the point that they become tweeners and, eventually, babyfaces. Examples include Stone Cold Steve Austin, CM Punk, "Macho Man" Randy Savage, Demolition (circa 1988), Randy Orton, Edge, Chris Jericho, Hollywood Hogan, The Rock, Triple H, Shawn Michaels, Kane, The Undertaker, Kurt Angle, Matt Hardy, Mr. Kennedy/Anderson, Ric Flair, Eddie Guerrero, Samoa Joe, Beer Money, Inc, Nexus, Beth Phoenix and The Miz. A lot of legendary heels like Ric Flair, Roddy Piper and Hollywood Hogan get cheered by using certain manners that are used by the heels.

  • Heel stables: A large gang of heels that usually create an advantage through numbers. The concept of the heel stable was largely innovated by the Four Horsemen. Such groups commonly self destruct due to an inability to work together or selfishness of the group's leader. Other prominent heel stable examples include the New World Order, the Corporation, The Right to Censor faction, various incarnations of Team Canada, the Dangerous Alliance, Evolution, The Age of the Fall, and more recently, La Familia, The Nexus or The New Nexus, Straight Edge Society, Divas of Doom,The Beautiful People, Awesome Truth, The Main Event Mafia, The Legacy, Immortal and Fortune, and The Corre.

  • Celebrity heels: Are celebrities who act like a heel and would start a major feud with the top face (or in some cases, other heels). Examples include former professional boxer Mike Tyson when he was with the first heel run of DX and was feuding with Stone Cold Steve Austin. Rapper, Kevin Federline is another example when he was feuding with then WWE Champion, John Cena. This also makes the storyline more interesting to the fans. Floyd Mayweather, Jr. is the most recent celebrity heel, getting negative reactions from the crowd by bragging about his wealth, despite the fact he was feuding against another heel, The Big Show.

  • Figure of authority: A heel in a position of power. He/she often abuse their powers, books face wrestlers against seemingly impossible odds, such as handicap matches or matches against monster heels. Figures of Authority often feud with the top face, rarely interacting with other wrestlers. Examples include The McMahons, Eric Bischoff, Paul Heyman, Jonathan Coachman, William Regal, Vickie Guerrero (during her run as SmackDown General Manager), Armando Alejandro Estrada, Hulk Hogan, Kurt Angle, John Laurinitis and to a lesser extent, the Anonymous RAW General Manager.

  • Moralistic heels: A heel who in his or her own mind is a babyface, and takes every opportunity to lecture the fans and other wrestlers about their perceived lack of values. They make it their mission to "clean up" the world of wrestling and eliminate elements the fans love, but they see as distasteful. Despite their high moral standards, they will often express their beliefs through terroristic threatening and radical, violent behavior. They often feud with outlaw, degenerate faces. Moralistic heels include Bob Backlund, Bret Hart, Owen Hart (as the Blue Blazer), Irwin R. Schyster, the Right to Censor stable, CM Punk (in Ring of Honor and WWE), JBL, Alberto Del Rio, Matt Striker, Molly Holly, Kurt Angle and, most recently, Chris Jericho during his recent "Save Me" gimmick.

  • Young heel: A younger wrestler who believes that he is the "future of wrestling" and spends much of his time antagonizing older, more established wrestlers. They believe that these older wrestlers should simply retire and "make room" for the younger talent. Notable examples include Randy Orton's "Legend Killer" gimmick and the Natural Born Thrillers stable. The most recent example is the tag team of Cody Rhodes and Ted DiBiase, Jr., also Trent Baretta and Caylen Croft when they were a tag team, and The Nexus.

  • Control Freak heel: A variation of a crazy/monster heel, the wrestler uses brainwashing and domination to control (sometimes recruit) either his/her stable members, valet, or adversaries. Sometimes the control freak will be a figure of authority at some point. Examples include The Undertaker, X-Pac, Mike Knox, Jinder Mahal, and Shane McMahon. TNA Knockout Winter is a recent example where she has "hypnotized" Angelina Love to attack her opponents. Raven is a very notorious Control Freak Heel, as he's brainwashed wrestlers in WCW (The Flock) and TNA (Serotonin). This type of heel, however, is rarely used.

  • Commentator Heel: A commentator in a wrestling organization that while does not wrestle, takes the side of heel wrestlers and is often critical of the faces. They may support illegal methods of heels and will often argue with the face commentator. Some classic examples of commentator heels include Bobby Heenan and Jesse Ventura. A recent example has been Don West in TNA in 2009 or to a lesser extent, Matt Striker. Commentator heels are nearly always accompanied by a face commentator. Michael Cole is the more recent example of a heel commentator as he always supports heels like The Miz and dislikes faces such as Daniel Bryan, and even betrays faces, especially during his feud with fellow face commentator Jerry Lawler (and also Jim Ross), which started in Nov. 2010 and ended in May 2011.

  • Legendary Heel: A heel from the classic days of wrestling who are currently heels in todays wrestling. These type of heels would align themselves with todays top heels. Legendary heels are also known to get physically involved in matches such as helping the top heel win or keep a championship. Despite all this most legendary heels are well respected by fans. Examples include Ric Flair (When he was with Evolution in WWE), Roddy Piper (When he attacked then-face, Hulk Hogan at Wrestlemania 19), Bob Orton (When he was with then-heel, Randy Orton), Mick Foley (When he was with then-heel, Edge) and most recently Dusty Rhodes (When he was helping Cody Rhodes in his feud against Rey Mysterio).

Use outside wrestling

The term has seen occasional use outside of wrestling to describe a similar phenomenon. One recent example was in an ESPN.com
ESPN.com
ESPN.com is the official website of ESPN and a division of ESPN Inc. Since launching in 1995 as ESPNet.SportsZone.com, the website has developed numerous sections including: Page 2, SportsNation, ESPN 3.com, ESPN Motion, My ESPN, ESPN Sports Travel, ESPN Video Games, ESPN Insider, ESPN.com's...

story after the quarterfinal match between the United States
United States women's national soccer team
The United States women's national soccer team represents the United States in international soccer competition and is controlled by U.S. Soccer. The U.S. team won the first ever Women's World Cup in 1991, and has since been a superpower in women's soccer. It is currently ranked first in the world...

 and Brazil
Brazil women's national football team
The Brazil women's national football team represents Brazil in international women's association football. Brazil played their first game on July 22, 1986 against the United States....

 in the 2011 FIFA Women's World Cup:
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