Hayashi Hōkō
Encyclopedia
, also known as Hayashi Nobutatsu, was a Japanese Neo-Confucian
scholar, teacher and administrator in the system of higher education maintained by the Tokugawa bakufu
during the Edo period
. He was a member of the Hayashi clan
of Confucian scholars.
Hōkō was the tutor of Tokugawa Tsuneyoshi.
Following in the footsteps of his father, Hayashi Gahō
, and his grandfather, Hayashi Razan
, Hōkō would be the arbiter of official neo-Confucian doctrine of the Tokugawa shogunate. As a result of his urging, the shogun invested Confucian scholars as samurai.
of the Shōhei-kō (afterwards known as the Yushima Seidō
) which was built on land provided by the shogun. This institution stood at the apex of the country-wide educational and training system which was created and maintained by the Tokugawa shogunate
. Gahō's hereditary title was Daigaku-no-kami
, which, in the context of the Tokugawa shogunate hierarchy, effectively translates as "head of the state university.
The scholars of the Hayashi school were taught to apply what they had learned from a Confucian curriculum. Typically, they applied the Confucian texts conservatively, relying on Soong Confucian anlayis and metaphysical teachings.
The neo-Confucianist scholar Arai Hakuseki
generally expressed scant regard for opinions expressed by Hayashi Hōkō.
Neo-Confucianism
Neo-Confucianism is an ethical and metaphysical Chinese philosophy influenced by Confucianism, that was primarily developed during the Song Dynasty and Ming Dynasty, but which can be traced back to Han Yu and Li Ao in the Tang Dynasty....
scholar, teacher and administrator in the system of higher education maintained by the Tokugawa bakufu
Tokugawa shogunate
The Tokugawa shogunate, also known as the and the , was a feudal regime of Japan established by Tokugawa Ieyasu and ruled by the shoguns of the Tokugawa family. This period is known as the Edo period and gets its name from the capital city, Edo, which is now called Tokyo, after the name was...
during the Edo period
Edo period
The , or , is a division of Japanese history which was ruled by the shoguns of the Tokugawa family, running from 1603 to 1868. The political entity of this period was the Tokugawa shogunate....
. He was a member of the Hayashi clan
Hayashi clan (Confucian scholars)
The ' was a Japanese samurai clan which served as important advisors to the Tokugawa shoguns. Among members of the clan to enjoy powerful positions in the shogunate was its founder Hayashi Razan, who passed on his post as hereditary rector of the neo-Confucianist Shōhei-kō school to his son,...
of Confucian scholars.
Hōkō was the tutor of Tokugawa Tsuneyoshi.
Following in the footsteps of his father, Hayashi Gahō
Hayashi Gaho
, also known as Hayashi Shunsai, was a Japanese Neo-Confucian scholar, teacher and administrator in the system of higher education maintained by the Tokugawa bakufu during the Edo period...
, and his grandfather, Hayashi Razan
Hayashi Razan
, also known as Hayashi Dōshun, was a Japanese Neo-Confucian philosopher, serving as a tutor and an advisor to the first four shoguns of the Tokugawa bakufu. He is also attributed with first listing the Three Views of Japan. Razan was the founder of the Hayashi clan of Confucian scholars.Razan was...
, Hōkō would be the arbiter of official neo-Confucian doctrine of the Tokugawa shogunate. As a result of his urging, the shogun invested Confucian scholars as samurai.
Academician
Hōkō was the third Hayashi clan Daigaku-no-kami of the Edo period. After 1691, Hōkō is known as the first official rectorRector
The word rector has a number of different meanings; it is widely used to refer to an academic, religious or political administrator...
of the Shōhei-kō (afterwards known as the Yushima Seidō
Yushima Seido
, located in the Yushima neighbourhood of Bunkyō, Tokyo, Japan, was constructed as a Confucian temple in the Genroku era of the Edo period .-Tokugawa bureaucrat training center:...
) which was built on land provided by the shogun. This institution stood at the apex of the country-wide educational and training system which was created and maintained by the Tokugawa shogunate
Tokugawa shogunate
The Tokugawa shogunate, also known as the and the , was a feudal regime of Japan established by Tokugawa Ieyasu and ruled by the shoguns of the Tokugawa family. This period is known as the Edo period and gets its name from the capital city, Edo, which is now called Tokyo, after the name was...
. Gahō's hereditary title was Daigaku-no-kami
Daigaku-no-kami
was a Japanese Imperial court position and the title of the chief education expert in the rigid court hierarchy. The Imperial Daigaku-no kami predates the Heian period; and the court position continued up through the early Meiji period...
, which, in the context of the Tokugawa shogunate hierarchy, effectively translates as "head of the state university.
The scholars of the Hayashi school were taught to apply what they had learned from a Confucian curriculum. Typically, they applied the Confucian texts conservatively, relying on Soong Confucian anlayis and metaphysical teachings.
The neo-Confucianist scholar Arai Hakuseki
Arai Hakuseki
was a Confucianist, scholar-bureaucrat, academic, administrator, writer and politician in Japan during the middle of the Edo Period, who advised the Shogun Tokugawa Ienobu. His personal name was Kinmi or Kimiyoshi . Hakuseki was his pen name...
generally expressed scant regard for opinions expressed by Hayashi Hōkō.
Selected works
- Kai hentai (Chinese Metamorphosis), reports of Chinese junks arriving in Nagasaki, 1640-1740.