Handley Page H.P.43
Encyclopedia
The Handley Page H.P.43 was a three-engined biplane
bomber
-transport
built to an Air Ministry
specification. It did not fly well and the biplane configuration was out-dated at completion; the only one constructed was later turned into a monoplane and led to the Handley Page H.P.54 Harrow
.
issued two sets of tenders, one for a large four-engined airliner and the other for a smaller, three-engined one. The first led to
the very successful Handley Page H.P.42
but the second type did not get beyond the design stage as Imperial later decided they did not want it. Nonetheless, when Air Ministry specification C.16/28 was issued, calling for a replacement bomber-transport for the Handley Page Clive and Vickers Victoria
, Handley Page offered a design which used the tri-motor's wings and engine mountings married to a new monocoque fuselage with gun positions and a revised tail. The Air Ministry
ordered a prototype with the proviso it should have a more familiar fabric covered and gauze windowed fuselage of tubular construction. This aircraft was the H.P.43. Only two other manufactures had submitted types in competition: the Vickers Type 163
was accepted as a private venture only and the Gloster TC.33
prototype was ordered after the specification had been widened to include four-engined types.
Like the H.P.42, the H.P.43 was an unequal span biplane with unswept and unstaggered wings of constant chord. Both used a Warren girder biplane construction, with two pairs of strongly outward leaning struts linked by an inward leaning pair on each wing. This layout avoided the need for bracing wires. Both types carried dihedral on upper and lower outer wing sections, combined with marked anhedral in the centre section of the lower wing, a feature that optimised the view from the passenger aircraft because the wing was attached to the top of the fuselage and kept the single wheeled undercarriage legs, mounted at the end of the centre section, short and wide track. The lower pair of engines were also mounted at this point, on top of the wing. Both types carried ailerons and leading edge slots on the upper wing only. In contrast, not only did the H.P.43 have a smaller span (114 ft compared with 130 ft on the H.P.42) but the upper and lower planes had nearly equal chord unlike the sesquiplane H.P.42. The H.P.43's third Bristol Pegasus IM3 radial engine was mounted centrally on the upper wing with bracing to the upper fuselage longerons.
The H.P.43 fuselage was slab sided, tapering slightly to the tail. The extreme nose housed an open gunner's position with a bomb aimer's window below, immediately in front of an enclosed, side by side cockpit for pilot and navigator. There was a wireless operator's position behind them. The H.P.43 was required to be a 30 seat troop carrier, so there were seats, windows and a port side door amidships. The tail gunner sat in another open position at the end of the fuselage, aft of a twin finned monoplane tail unit. The elevators were large and projected well beyond the fixed horizontal tail.
The H.P.43 flew for the first time at Radlett
on 21 June 1932. After some modifications it went to RAF Hendon in June 1933, where it was not well received by pilots from RAF Martlesham Heath
who found it lacking performance and heavy on the controls. It seems that even during its construction the RAF saw the H.P.43 as outmoded and set to be replaced by monoplane bomber and transport designs; surprisingly the H.P.43 took part in this transition when its fuselage and empennage was adapted to take a high monoplane wing bearing two engines and emerge as the H.P.51
, the forebear of the Harrow
.
Biplane
A biplane is a fixed-wing aircraft with two superimposed main wings. The Wright brothers' Wright Flyer used a biplane design, as did most aircraft in the early years of aviation. While a biplane wing structure has a structural advantage, it produces more drag than a similar monoplane wing...
bomber
Bomber
A bomber is a military aircraft designed to attack ground and sea targets, by dropping bombs on them, or – in recent years – by launching cruise missiles at them.-Classifications of bombers:...
-transport
Military transport aircraft
Military transport aircraft are typically fixed and rotary wing cargo aircraft which are used to deliver troops, weapons and other military equipment by a variety of methods to any area of military operations around the surface of the planet, usually outside of the commercial flight routes in...
built to an Air Ministry
Air Ministry
The Air Ministry was a department of the British Government with the responsibility of managing the affairs of the Royal Air Force, that existed from 1918 to 1964...
specification. It did not fly well and the biplane configuration was out-dated at completion; the only one constructed was later turned into a monoplane and led to the Handley Page H.P.54 Harrow
Handley Page H.P.54 Harrow
|-See also:-Bibliography:* Barnes, C.H. Handley Page Aircraft since 1907. London: Putnam Publishing, 1987. ISBN 0-85177-803-8.* Clayton, Donald C. Handley Page, an Aircraft Album. Shepperton, Surrey, UK: Ian Allan Ltd., 1969. ISBN 0-7110-0094-8....
.
Design and development
In 1928 Imperial AirwaysImperial Airways
Imperial Airways was the early British commercial long range air transport company, operating from 1924 to 1939 and serving parts of Europe but especially the Empire routes to South Africa, India and the Far East...
issued two sets of tenders, one for a large four-engined airliner and the other for a smaller, three-engined one. The first led to
the very successful Handley Page H.P.42
Handley Page H.P.42
The Handley Page H.P.42 and H.P.45 were British four-engine long-range biplane airliners designed to a 1928 Imperial Airways specification by Handley Page of Radlett in Hertfordshire....
but the second type did not get beyond the design stage as Imperial later decided they did not want it. Nonetheless, when Air Ministry specification C.16/28 was issued, calling for a replacement bomber-transport for the Handley Page Clive and Vickers Victoria
Vickers Victoria
-See also:...
, Handley Page offered a design which used the tri-motor's wings and engine mountings married to a new monocoque fuselage with gun positions and a revised tail. The Air Ministry
Air Ministry
The Air Ministry was a department of the British Government with the responsibility of managing the affairs of the Royal Air Force, that existed from 1918 to 1964...
ordered a prototype with the proviso it should have a more familiar fabric covered and gauze windowed fuselage of tubular construction. This aircraft was the H.P.43. Only two other manufactures had submitted types in competition: the Vickers Type 163
Vickers Type 163
-References:* Mason, Francis K. The British Bomber since 1914. London: Putnam Aeronautical Books, 1994. ISBN 0-85177-861-5.* http://www.britishaircraft.co.uk/aircraftpage.php?ID=634...
was accepted as a private venture only and the Gloster TC.33
Gloster TC.33
|-References:...
prototype was ordered after the specification had been widened to include four-engined types.
Like the H.P.42, the H.P.43 was an unequal span biplane with unswept and unstaggered wings of constant chord. Both used a Warren girder biplane construction, with two pairs of strongly outward leaning struts linked by an inward leaning pair on each wing. This layout avoided the need for bracing wires. Both types carried dihedral on upper and lower outer wing sections, combined with marked anhedral in the centre section of the lower wing, a feature that optimised the view from the passenger aircraft because the wing was attached to the top of the fuselage and kept the single wheeled undercarriage legs, mounted at the end of the centre section, short and wide track. The lower pair of engines were also mounted at this point, on top of the wing. Both types carried ailerons and leading edge slots on the upper wing only. In contrast, not only did the H.P.43 have a smaller span (114 ft compared with 130 ft on the H.P.42) but the upper and lower planes had nearly equal chord unlike the sesquiplane H.P.42. The H.P.43's third Bristol Pegasus IM3 radial engine was mounted centrally on the upper wing with bracing to the upper fuselage longerons.
The H.P.43 fuselage was slab sided, tapering slightly to the tail. The extreme nose housed an open gunner's position with a bomb aimer's window below, immediately in front of an enclosed, side by side cockpit for pilot and navigator. There was a wireless operator's position behind them. The H.P.43 was required to be a 30 seat troop carrier, so there were seats, windows and a port side door amidships. The tail gunner sat in another open position at the end of the fuselage, aft of a twin finned monoplane tail unit. The elevators were large and projected well beyond the fixed horizontal tail.
The H.P.43 flew for the first time at Radlett
Radlett
Radlett is a small town in the county of Hertfordshire between St Albans and Borehamwood on Watling Street with a population of approximately 8,000. It is located in the council district of Hertsmere and is covered by two wards, Aldenham East and Aldenham West...
on 21 June 1932. After some modifications it went to RAF Hendon in June 1933, where it was not well received by pilots from RAF Martlesham Heath
RAF Martlesham Heath
RAF Martlesham Heath is a former Royal Air Force airfield in England. The field is located 1½ miles SW of Woodbridge, Suffolk.- RFC/RAF prewar use:Martlesham Heath was first used as a Royal Flying Corps airfield during World War I...
who found it lacking performance and heavy on the controls. It seems that even during its construction the RAF saw the H.P.43 as outmoded and set to be replaced by monoplane bomber and transport designs; surprisingly the H.P.43 took part in this transition when its fuselage and empennage was adapted to take a high monoplane wing bearing two engines and emerge as the H.P.51
Handley Page H.P.51
-Cited sources:* Barnes, C.H. and D.N. James. Handley Page Aircraft since 1907. London: Putnam Publishing, 1987. ISBN 0-85177-803-8.-Bibliography:...
, the forebear of the Harrow
Handley Page H.P.54 Harrow
|-See also:-Bibliography:* Barnes, C.H. Handley Page Aircraft since 1907. London: Putnam Publishing, 1987. ISBN 0-85177-803-8.* Clayton, Donald C. Handley Page, an Aircraft Album. Shepperton, Surrey, UK: Ian Allan Ltd., 1969. ISBN 0-7110-0094-8....
.
Specifications
See also
- Handley Page H.P.51Handley Page H.P.51-Cited sources:* Barnes, C.H. and D.N. James. Handley Page Aircraft since 1907. London: Putnam Publishing, 1987. ISBN 0-85177-803-8.-Bibliography:...
- Handley Page H.P.54 HarrowHandley Page H.P.54 Harrow|-See also:-Bibliography:* Barnes, C.H. Handley Page Aircraft since 1907. London: Putnam Publishing, 1987. ISBN 0-85177-803-8.* Clayton, Donald C. Handley Page, an Aircraft Album. Shepperton, Surrey, UK: Ian Allan Ltd., 1969. ISBN 0-7110-0094-8....