Hainewalde
Encyclopedia
Hainewalde is a village in Germany
on the river Mandau
, in the Bundesland
(Federal State) of Saxony and the district Görlitz
, historically belonging to the region Lusatia
. The village is part of the administrative partnership Großschönau-Waltersdorf.
in the foreland of the Lusatian Mountains
. The federal highway 96 passes Hainewalde in the north, the Czech
border is approximatively 15 km west of it. The railroad Zittau
-Varnsdorf
has a station in Hainewalde.
Settlers of the German feudal east-expansion established Hainewalde as a so-called "aldhufendorf, by stubbing the forest along the river Mandau
.
In 1392 the today's old castle, in these times gate lodge, was built as manor.
By the treaty of Prague (1636) Upper Lusatia
, and therefore Hainewalde, came under the power of Saxony
, which resulted constraints on independence and the freedom of religion.
This brought some Bohemian exule around 1650, which increased the local population.
From 1749 to 1753, a new castle was built by the Prussian chamberlain von Canitz.
Till 1927 Hainewalde was the residence of the old Saxon noble family Kanitz-Kyaw. As a result of the excessive debts of the nobleman, the castle, its ground and forest were sold on on 12 March 1927.
Since 1928, the castle was under the authority of the neighbouring community of Großschönau
. On 26 March 1933, it was occupied by the Nazi-German stormtroopers
from Dresden, which set up a provisional concentration camp for political prisoners. The first prisoners arrived on 28 March 1933. On 10 August 1933, the KZ Hainewalde
was closed and served as "Wehrertüchtigungslager" until the end of World War II
. Until 1972, it was primarily used as residential house and remained empty since that. A private association founded in 2000 is now working on its preservation.
Germany
Germany , officially the Federal Republic of Germany , is a federal parliamentary republic in Europe. The country consists of 16 states while the capital and largest city is Berlin. Germany covers an area of 357,021 km2 and has a largely temperate seasonal climate...
on the river Mandau
Mandau
The 40.9 km long Mandau is a river in Bohemia and Saxony .It originates from multiple springs north of the 580.6m wulfs mountain in the Šluknov Hook which join in Panský at 1690 feet above sea level...
, in the Bundesland
States of Germany
Germany is made up of sixteen which are partly sovereign constituent states of the Federal Republic of Germany. Land literally translates as "country", and constitutionally speaking, they are constituent countries...
(Federal State) of Saxony and the district Görlitz
Görlitz (district)
Görlitz is a district in the Free State of Saxony, Germany. It is named after its capital city Görlitz. It borders the district of Bautzen, the state Brandenburg, Poland and the Czech Republic.- History :...
, historically belonging to the region Lusatia
Lusatia
Lusatia is a historical region in Central Europe. It stretches from the Bóbr and Kwisa rivers in the east to the Elbe valley in the west, today located within the German states of Saxony and Brandenburg as well as in the Lower Silesian and Lubusz voivodeships of western Poland...
. The village is part of the administrative partnership Großschönau-Waltersdorf.
Geography and transportation
The community Hainewalde is approximatively 10 km apart from ZittauZittau
Zittau is a city in the south east of the Free State of Saxony, Germany, close to the border tripoint of Germany, Poland, and the Czech Republic. , there are 28,638 people in the city. It is part of the Görlitz district....
in the foreland of the Lusatian Mountains
Lusatian Mountains
The Lusatian Mountains are a mountain range of the Western Sudetes, located on the southeastern border of Germany with the Czech Republic east of the Elbe river, a continuation of the Ore Mountains range west of the Elbe valley...
. The federal highway 96 passes Hainewalde in the north, the Czech
Czech Republic
The Czech Republic is a landlocked country in Central Europe. The country is bordered by Poland to the northeast, Slovakia to the east, Austria to the south, and Germany to the west and northwest....
border is approximatively 15 km west of it. The railroad Zittau
Zittau
Zittau is a city in the south east of the Free State of Saxony, Germany, close to the border tripoint of Germany, Poland, and the Czech Republic. , there are 28,638 people in the city. It is part of the Görlitz district....
-Varnsdorf
Varnsdorf
Varnsdorf is a town in the Ústí nad Labem Region of the Czech Republic, with a population of around 16,000. The town is close to the border with Germany, with border crossings to the Saxon towns of Seifhennersdorf and Großschönau, and is the second largest in the Děčín District.The village of...
has a station in Hainewalde.
History
Hainewalde was first documentary mentioned in 1272. It is believed that the name is derived from the founder one founder called "Hener", "Heno", "Hening" or "Heinrich".Settlers of the German feudal east-expansion established Hainewalde as a so-called "aldhufendorf, by stubbing the forest along the river Mandau
Mandau
The 40.9 km long Mandau is a river in Bohemia and Saxony .It originates from multiple springs north of the 580.6m wulfs mountain in the Šluknov Hook which join in Panský at 1690 feet above sea level...
.
In 1392 the today's old castle, in these times gate lodge, was built as manor.
By the treaty of Prague (1636) Upper Lusatia
Upper Lusatia
Upper Lusatia is a region a biggest part of which belongs to Saxony, a small eastern part belongs to Poland, the northern part to Brandenburg. In Saxony, Upper Lusatia comprises roughly the districts of Bautzen and Görlitz , in Brandenburg the southern part of district Oberspreewald-Lausitz...
, and therefore Hainewalde, came under the power of Saxony
Saxony
The Free State of Saxony is a landlocked state of Germany, contingent with Brandenburg, Saxony Anhalt, Thuringia, Bavaria, the Czech Republic and Poland. It is the tenth-largest German state in area, with of Germany's sixteen states....
, which resulted constraints on independence and the freedom of religion.
This brought some Bohemian exule around 1650, which increased the local population.
From 1749 to 1753, a new castle was built by the Prussian chamberlain von Canitz.
Till 1927 Hainewalde was the residence of the old Saxon noble family Kanitz-Kyaw. As a result of the excessive debts of the nobleman, the castle, its ground and forest were sold on on 12 March 1927.
Since 1928, the castle was under the authority of the neighbouring community of Großschönau
Großschönau, Saxony
Großschönau is a municipality in the district Görlitz, in Saxony, Germany located in the Cross-border region with the Czech Republic. It used to be a famous Upper Lusatian center of Damask fabric production until the end of the 1980s...
. On 26 March 1933, it was occupied by the Nazi-German stormtroopers
Sturmabteilung
The Sturmabteilung functioned as a paramilitary organization of the National Socialist German Workers' Party . It played a key role in Adolf Hitler's rise to power in the 1920s and 1930s...
from Dresden, which set up a provisional concentration camp for political prisoners. The first prisoners arrived on 28 March 1933. On 10 August 1933, the KZ Hainewalde
Hainewalde concentration camp
On March 27, 1933, the SA established a protective custody camp at Hainewalde Castle in Saxony. Initially SA-Sturm III under SA-Sturmführer Ernst Jirka guarded the camp, but in May this responsibility fell to SA-Standarte 102 under SA-Standartenführer Paul Unterstab. Altogether there were about...
was closed and served as "Wehrertüchtigungslager" until the end of World War II
World War II
World War II, or the Second World War , was a global conflict lasting from 1939 to 1945, involving most of the world's nations—including all of the great powers—eventually forming two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis...
. Until 1972, it was primarily used as residential house and remained empty since that. A private association founded in 2000 is now working on its preservation.
Main sights
- Umgebindehaeuser (typical Lusatian half-timbered houses)
- Church, built in 1705-1711
- The Wasserschloss, built under rule of the family von Nositz, was located north of the terraces of the new castle. The only remain of the old water castleWater castleA water castle is a castle or stately home whose site is entirely surrounded by moats or natural waterbodies. Topographically water castles are a type of lowland castle.There is a further distinction between:...
, which was demolished in 1780, is the gate lodge with his west-side RenaissanceRenaissanceThe Renaissance was a cultural movement that spanned roughly the 14th to the 17th century, beginning in Italy in the Late Middle Ages and later spreading to the rest of Europe. The term is also used more loosely to refer to the historical era, but since the changes of the Renaissance were not...
-portal. - Schloss (New Castle), constructed in 1750–1753, along with its Baroque gardens, under the rule of the Kanitz-Kyaw family. It was renovated in 1883, the Baroque elements on the outside façade removed and replaced by "Italian"-style sgraffitoSgraffitoSgraffito is a technique either of wall decor, produced by applying layers of plaster tinted in contrasting colors to a moistened surface, or in ceramics, by applying to an unfired ceramic body two successive layers of contrasting slip, and then in either case scratching so as to produce an...
. - The BaroqueBaroqueThe Baroque is a period and the style that used exaggerated motion and clear, easily interpreted detail to produce drama, tension, exuberance, and grandeur in sculpture, painting, literature, dance, and music...
crypt of the family Kanitz-Kyaw, in the cemetery (1715). - Mountain BreitebergBreitebergThe Breiteberg is a mountain in the Lausitzer Bergland in Saxony with an absolute altitude of . It is the local mountain of Hainewalde and can be reached in about 30min from the village...
with look-out, restaurant and "Querxhöhle"
People
- Gottlob Friedrich Seligmann, Lutheran theologian
- Karl August Wünsche, German Christian Hebraist, born 1839