Grand Ayatollah Mirza Hassan Shirazi
Encyclopedia
Grand Ayatollah
Mirza Sayyid Mohammed Hassan Al-Husseini AL-Shirazi ' onMouseout='HidePop("91303")' href="/topics/Arabic_alphabet">arabic
: ) (c.1814-c.1896) was a famous cleric in the History of Iran
and History of Iraq
. He is widely known for his fatwa against the usage of tobacco
in what became known as the Tobacco Protest
in the Qajar era.
He is not to be mistaken for Abdullah al-Shirazi and Ayatollah al-Udhma Muhammad Shirazi.
According to the Islamic Republic of Iran Broadcasting web site, he "was born in Shiraz on 1230 AH [1814-15 AD]. He began his studies in the age of 4 and he passed preliminaries in the age of 8." When he was 29 years old, he left Shiraz" to enter the classes of Sheikh Ansari in Najaf. "After Sheikh Ansari's death in 1281 AH (1864-65 AD), Shirazi became his successor" and served as a marja "for more than 30 years."
Among his notable students were his son-in-law, Sayyed Ali Akbar Falasiri, who first proposed the boycott to him, Sayyed Mohammed Kazem Yazdi
, Mulla Mohammad-Kazem Khorasani, Mirza Mohammad Taqi Shirazi (called as Mirza the second), Sheikh Fazlollah Noori
, and Mirza Ismael Shirazi. He died in Samarra
at the age of 82 and his body is buried in the Imam Ali Mosque
.
Ayatollah
Ayatollah is a high ranking title given to Usuli Twelver Shī‘ah clerics. Those who carry the title are experts in Islamic studies such as jurisprudence, ethics, and philosophy and usually teach in Islamic seminaries. The next lower clerical rank is Hojatoleslam wal-muslemin...
Mirza Sayyid Mohammed Hassan Al-Husseini AL-Shirazi ' onMouseout='HidePop("91303")' href="/topics/Arabic_alphabet">arabic
Arabic alphabet
The Arabic alphabet or Arabic abjad is the Arabic script as it is codified for writing the Arabic language. It is written from right to left, in a cursive style, and includes 28 letters. Because letters usually stand for consonants, it is classified as an abjad.-Consonants:The Arabic alphabet has...
: ) (c.1814-c.1896) was a famous cleric in the History of Iran
History of Iran
The history of Iran has been intertwined with the history of a larger historical region, comprising the area from the Danube River in the west to the Indus River and Jaxartes in the east and from the Caucasus, Caspian Sea, and Aral Sea in the north to the Persian Gulf and the Gulf of Oman and Egypt...
and History of Iraq
History of Iraq
Iraq, known in Classical Antiquity as Mesopotamia, was home to some of the oldest civilizations in the world, with a cultural history of over 10,000 years. hence its common epithet, the Cradle of Civilization. Mesopotamia, as part of the larger Fertile Crescent, was a significant part of the...
. He is widely known for his fatwa against the usage of tobacco
Tobacco
Tobacco is an agricultural product processed from the leaves of plants in the genus Nicotiana. It can be consumed, used as a pesticide and, in the form of nicotine tartrate, used in some medicines...
in what became known as the Tobacco Protest
Tobacco Protest
The Tobacco Protest, was a Shi'a cleric-led revolt in Iran against an 1890 tobacco concession granted by the Shah to the Western imperial power of Great Britain. The protest climaxed in a widely-obeyed December 1891 fatwa against tobacco use supposedly issued by Grand Ayatollah Mirza Hassan Shirazi...
in the Qajar era.
He is not to be mistaken for Abdullah al-Shirazi and Ayatollah al-Udhma Muhammad Shirazi.
According to the Islamic Republic of Iran Broadcasting web site, he "was born in Shiraz on 1230 AH [1814-15 AD]. He began his studies in the age of 4 and he passed preliminaries in the age of 8." When he was 29 years old, he left Shiraz" to enter the classes of Sheikh Ansari in Najaf. "After Sheikh Ansari's death in 1281 AH (1864-65 AD), Shirazi became his successor" and served as a marja "for more than 30 years."
Among his notable students were his son-in-law, Sayyed Ali Akbar Falasiri, who first proposed the boycott to him, Sayyed Mohammed Kazem Yazdi
Mohammed Kazem Yazdi
Mohammed Kazem Yazdi was a prominent Shia Islamic scholar centered in Najaf, most famous for his anti-constitutionalist stand during the Iranian Constitutional Revolution of 1905-1911...
, Mulla Mohammad-Kazem Khorasani, Mirza Mohammad Taqi Shirazi (called as Mirza the second), Sheikh Fazlollah Noori
Sheikh Fazlollah Noori
Sheikh Fazlollah Noori was a prominent Shiite Muslim cleric in Iran during the late 19th and early 20th century who fought against the Iranian Constitutional Revolution and was executed for treason as a result...
, and Mirza Ismael Shirazi. He died in Samarra
Samarra
Sāmarrā is a city in Iraq. It stands on the east bank of the Tigris in the Salah ad-Din Governorate, north of Baghdad and, in 2003, had an estimated population of 348,700....
at the age of 82 and his body is buried in the Imam Ali Mosque
Imam Ali Mosque
The Imām ‘Alī Holy Shrine , also known as Masjid Ali or the Mosque of ‘Alī, located in Najaf, Iraq, is the third holiest site for some of the estimated 200 million followers of the Shia branch of Islam. ‘Alī ibn Abī Tālib, the cousin of Muhammad, the fourth caliph , the first Imam is buried here...
.