Gornji Vakuf
Encyclopedia
Gornji Vakuf-Uskoplje is a town and municipality in Central Bosnia
Central Bosnia Canton
The Central Bosnia Canton is one of the ten cantons of The Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina.-Geography:It is located in the center of the country, to the west of Sarajevo...

 (Bosnia and Herzegovina
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Bosnia and Herzegovina , sometimes called Bosnia-Herzegovina or simply Bosnia, is a country in Southern Europe, on the Balkan Peninsula. Bordered by Croatia to the north, west and south, Serbia to the east, and Montenegro to the southeast, Bosnia and Herzegovina is almost landlocked, except for the...

), located between Bugojno
Bugojno
Bugojno is a town and municipality of the same name in central Bosnia and Herzegovina on the river Vrbas. It is located in the Central Bosnia Canton of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina entity. The town is to the northwest from Sarajevo, with an estimated population of 50,000 .To the west...

, Prozor, Kupres
Kupres
Kupres can refer to:* Kupres, Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, a town and municipality in Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bosnia and Herzegovina* Kupres, Republika Srpska, a municipality in Republika Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina...

, Novi Travnik
Novi Travnik
Novi Travnik is a town and municipality in central Bosnia and Herzegovina, located south of Travnik on the road to Bugojno...

 and Konjic
Konjic
Konjic is a town and municipality in Bosnia and Herzegovina. It is located in northern Herzegovina, around southwest of Sarajevo. It is a mountainous, heavily wooded area, and is above sea level. The municipality extends on both sides of the Neretva River. The town of Konjic, housed about a third...

. It is under the administration of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina
Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina
The Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina is one of the two political entities that compose the sovereign country of Bosnia and Herzegovina . The two entities are delineated by the Inter-Entity Boundary Line...

. Although settlement in the area stretches back to prehistoric times, the town with Gornji Vakuf name arose in the 16th century in the location of the existing settlement called Česta. The name Gornji Vakuf refers to the fact that the town was established as a waqf
Waqf
A waqf also spelled wakf formally known as wakf-alal-aulad is an inalienable religious endowment in Islamic law, typically denoting a building or plot of land for Muslim religious or charitable purposes. The donated assets are held by a charitable trust...

 (Vakuf) by Bosniak
Bosniaks
The Bosniaks or Bosniacs are a South Slavic ethnic group, living mainly in Bosnia and Herzegovina, with a smaller minority also present in other lands of the Balkan Peninsula especially in Serbia, Montenegro and Croatia...

 nobility
Nobility
Nobility is a social class which possesses more acknowledged privileges or eminence than members of most other classes in a society, membership therein typically being hereditary. The privileges associated with nobility may constitute substantial advantages over or relative to non-nobles, or may be...

. Mehmed-beg Stočanin, a famous Bosniak bey
Bey
Bey is a title for chieftain, traditionally applied to the leaders of small tribal groups. Accoding to some sources, the word "Bey" is of Turkish language In historical accounts, many Turkish, other Turkic and Persian leaders are titled Bey, Beg, Bek, Bay, Baig or Beigh. They are all the same word...

, is a founder of Gornji Vakuf. This town is a typical Bosnian čaršija common for Central Bosnia as a heartland of Bosnia and Herzegovina
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Bosnia and Herzegovina , sometimes called Bosnia-Herzegovina or simply Bosnia, is a country in Southern Europe, on the Balkan Peninsula. Bordered by Croatia to the north, west and south, Serbia to the east, and Montenegro to the southeast, Bosnia and Herzegovina is almost landlocked, except for the...

.

Bosnian War

Gornji Vakuf-Uskoplje was made infamous as one of the first town
Town
A town is a human settlement larger than a village but smaller than a city. The size a settlement must be in order to be called a "town" varies considerably in different parts of the world, so that, for example, many American "small towns" seem to British people to be no more than villages, while...

s to suffer from the Croat-Bosniak war
Croat-Bosniak war
The Croat–Bosniak War was a conflict between the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina and the self-proclaimed Croatian Community of Herzeg-Bosnia supported by the Republic of Croatia, that lasted from June 19, 1992 – February 23, 1994...

 (1992-1994) during the Bosnian war
Bosnian War
The Bosnian War or the War in Bosnia and Herzegovina was an international armed conflict that took place in Bosnia and Herzegovina between April 1992 and December 1995. The war involved several sides...

 (1992-1995) - as a critical node - was vital for UNPROFOR to hold to enable UNHCR supplies to move into the country. It was held by B Company Group 1 CHESHIRE from the British Army
British Army
The British Army is the land warfare branch of Her Majesty's Armed Forces in the United Kingdom. It came into being with the unification of the Kingdom of England and Scotland into the Kingdom of Great Britain in 1707. The new British Army incorporated Regiments that had already existed in England...

 during part of early 1993 who lost LCpl Wayne Edwards, who was shot by a Croatian Defence Council
Croatian Defence Council
The Croatian Defence Council was a military formation of the self-proclaimed Croatian Republic of Herzeg-Bosnia during the Bosnian War.-History:...

 (HVO) sniper.

Gornji Vakuf shelling

Gornji Vakuf is a town
Town
A town is a human settlement larger than a village but smaller than a city. The size a settlement must be in order to be called a "town" varies considerably in different parts of the world, so that, for example, many American "small towns" seem to British people to be no more than villages, while...

 to the south of the Lašva Valley and of strategic importance at a crossroad
Junction (road)
A road junction is a location where vehicular traffic going in different directions can proceed in a controlled manner designed to minimize accidents. In some cases, vehicles can change between different routes or directions of travel.-Origins:...

s en route to Central Bosnia. It is 48 kilometres from Novi Travnik
Novi Travnik
Novi Travnik is a town and municipality in central Bosnia and Herzegovina, located south of Travnik on the road to Bugojno...

 and about one hour’s drive from Vitez
Vitez
Vitez is a town and municipality in central Bosnia and Herzegovina. It is administratively part of the Central Bosnia Canton of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina.-Name:...

 in an armoured vehicle. For Croats it was a very important connection between the Lašva Valley and Herzegovina
Herzegovina
Herzegovina is the southern region of Bosnia and Herzegovina. While there is no official border distinguishing it from the Bosnian region, it is generally accepted that the borders of the region are Croatia to the west, Montenegro to the south, the canton boundaries of the Herzegovina-Neretva...

, two territories included in the self-proclaimed Croatian Community of Herzeg-Bosnia. It was first attacked by Croat forces on June 20, 1992, along with Novi Travnik
Novi Travnik
Novi Travnik is a town and municipality in central Bosnia and Herzegovina, located south of Travnik on the road to Bugojno...

 but the attack failed. During the Lašva Valley ethnic cleansing
Lašva Valley ethnic cleansing
The Lašva Valley ethnic cleansing, also known as the Lašva Valley case, refers to numerous war crimes committed during the Bosnian war by the Croatian Community of Herzeg-Bosnia's political and military leadership on Bosnian Muslim civilians in the Lašva Valley region of Bosnia-Herzegovina...

 it was surrounded by Croatian Army and Croatian Defence Council
Croatian Defence Council
The Croatian Defence Council was a military formation of the self-proclaimed Croatian Republic of Herzeg-Bosnia during the Bosnian War.-History:...

 and attacked with heavy artillery and other weapons (tanks and snipers). The Croat forces shelling reduced much of the historical oriental center of the town of Gornji Vakuf to rubble.

On January 10, 1993, just before the outbreak of hostilities in Gornji Vakuf, the Croat Defence Council (HVO) commander Luka Šekerija, sent a "Military – Top Secret" request to Colonel Tihomir Blaškić
Tihomir Blaškic
Tihomir Blaškić is a Bosnian Croat army officer who was sentenced in 2000 to 45 years imprisonment at the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia for war crimes as part of the Lašva valley ethnic cleansing...

 and Dario Kordić
Dario Kordic
Dario Kordić is a former Bosnian Croat politician, military commander of the HVO forces between 1992 and 1994, and vice president of the Croatian Republic of Herzeg-Bosnia...

 (later convicted by ICTY of war crimes and crimes against humanity, i.e. ethnic cleansing
Ethnic cleansing
Ethnic cleansing is a purposeful policy designed by one ethnic or religious group to remove by violent and terror-inspiring means the civilian population of another ethnic orreligious group from certain geographic areas....

) for rounds of mortar
Mortar (weapon)
A mortar is an indirect fire weapon that fires explosive projectiles known as bombs at low velocities, short ranges, and high-arcing ballistic trajectories. It is typically muzzle-loading and has a barrel length less than 15 times its caliber....

 shell
Shell (projectile)
A shell is a payload-carrying projectile, which, as opposed to shot, contains an explosive or other filling, though modern usage sometimes includes large solid projectiles properly termed shot . Solid shot may contain a pyrotechnic compound if a tracer or spotting charge is used...

s available at the ammunition
Ammunition
Ammunition is a generic term derived from the French language la munition which embraced all material used for war , but which in time came to refer specifically to gunpowder and artillery. The collective term for all types of ammunition is munitions...

 factory
Factory
A factory or manufacturing plant is an industrial building where laborers manufacture goods or supervise machines processing one product into another. Most modern factories have large warehouses or warehouse-like facilities that contain heavy equipment used for assembly line production...

 in Vitez
Vitez
Vitez is a town and municipality in central Bosnia and Herzegovina. It is administratively part of the Central Bosnia Canton of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina.-Name:...

. Fighting then broke out in Gornji Vakuf on January 11, 1993, sparked by a bomb which had been placed by Croats in a Bosniak-owned hotel that had been used as a military headquarters. A general outbreak of fighting followed and there was heavy shelling of the town that night by Croat artillery
Artillery
Originally applied to any group of infantry primarily armed with projectile weapons, artillery has over time become limited in meaning to refer only to those engines of war that operate by projection of munitions far beyond the range of effect of personal weapons...

.

During cease-fire negotiation
Negotiation
Negotiation is a dialogue between two or more people or parties, intended to reach an understanding, resolve point of difference, or gain advantage in outcome of dialogue, to produce an agreement upon courses of action, to bargain for individual or collective advantage, to craft outcomes to satisfy...

s at the Britbat HQ in Gornji Vakuf, colonel
Colonel
Colonel , abbreviated Col or COL, is a military rank of a senior commissioned officer. It or a corresponding rank exists in most armies and in many air forces; the naval equivalent rank is generally "Captain". It is also used in some police forces and other paramilitary rank structures...

 Andrić, representing the HVO, demanded that the Bosnian forces lay down their arms and accept HVO control of the town, threatening that if they did not agree he would flatten Gornji Vakuf to the ground. The HVO demands were not accepted by the Bosnian Army and the attack continued, followed by massacres of Bosnian Muslim civilians in the neighbouring villages of Bistrica, Uzričje, Duša, Ždrimci and Hrasnica. Although Croats often cited it as a major reason for the attack on Gornji Vakuf, the commander of the British Britbat company claimed that there were no Muslim "holy worriors" (commonly known as Mujahideen) in Gornji Vakuf and that his soldiers did not see any. The shelling campaign and the attackes during the war resulted in hundreds of injured and killed, mostly Bosnian Muslim civilians.

Settlements

Batuša
Batuša
Batuša is a village in the municipality of Gornji Vakuf, Bosnia and Herzegovina....


Bistrica
Bistrica (Gornji Vakuf)
Bistrica is a village in the municipality of Gornji Vakuf, Bosnia and Herzegovina....


Bojska
Bojska
Bojska is a village in the municipality of Gornji Vakuf, Bosnia and Herzegovina....


Boljkovac
Boljkovac
Boljkovac is a village in the municipality of Gornji Vakuf, Bosnia and Herzegovina.-References:...


Borova Ravan
Borova Ravan
Borova Ravan is a village in the municipality of Gornji Vakuf, Bosnia and Herzegovina.-References:...


Crkvice
Crkvice
Crkvice is a village on Orjen mountain in Montenegro and is the wettest place in Europe. The average annual precipitation for the period 1931-1960 was 4927 mm and for 1961-1990 4631 mm...


Cvrče
Cvrče
Cvrče is a village in the municipality of Gornji Vakuf, Bosnia and Herzegovina.-References:...


Dobrošin
Dobrošin
Dobrošin is a village in the municipality of Gornji Vakuf, Bosnia and Herzegovina.-References:...


Donja Ričica
Donja Ričica
Donja Ričica is a village in the municipality of Gornji Vakuf, Bosnia and Herzegovina.-References:...


Dražev Dol
Dražev Dol
Dražev Dol is a village in the municipality of Gornji Vakuf, Bosnia and Herzegovina.-References:...


Duratbegov Dolac
Duratbegov Dolac
Duratbegov Dolac is a village in the municipality of Gornji Vakuf, Bosnia and Herzegovina.-References:...


Duša
Duša
Duša is a village in the municipality of Gornji Vakuf, Bosnia and Herzegovina.-References:...


Gaj
Gaj (Gornji Vakuf)
Gaj is a village in the municipality of Gornji Vakuf, Bosnia and Herzegovina....


• Galičica
Gornja Ričica
Gornja Ričica
Gornja Ričica is a village in the municipality of Gornji Vakuf, Bosnia and Herzegovina.-References:...


Gornji Mračaj
Gornji Mračaj
Gornji Mračaj is a village in the municipality of Gornji Vakuf, Bosnia and Herzegovina.-References:...


Gornji Vakuf
Gornji Vakuf
Gornji Vakuf-Uskoplje is a town and municipality in Central Bosnia , located between Bugojno, Prozor, Kupres, Novi Travnik and Konjic. It is under the administration of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina...


Grnica
Grnica
Grnica is a village in the municipality of Gornji Vakuf, Bosnia and Herzegovina.-References:...


• Hrasnica
Humac
Humac (Gornji Vakuf)
Humac is a village in the municipality of Gornji Vakuf, Bosnia and Herzegovina....


Jagnjid
Jagnjid
Jagnjid is a village in the municipality of Gornji Vakuf, Bosnia and Herzegovina.-References:...


Jelače
Jelače
Jelače is a village in the municipality of Gornji Vakuf, Bosnia and Herzegovina.-References:...


Jelići
Jelići (Gornji Vakuf)
Jelići is a village in the municipality of Gornji Vakuf, Bosnia and Herzegovina.-References:...


Kozice
Kozice (Gornji Vakuf)
Kozice is a village in the municipality of Gornji Vakuf, Bosnia and Herzegovina.-References:...


Krupa
Krupa
Krupa may refer to:People:* Gene Krupa, a Polish-American drummer* Joanna Krupa, a Polish model and actress* Michael Krupa, a Polish war hero/author* Olek Krupa, a Polish actor* Urszula Krupa, a Polish politicianPlaces:...


Kute
Kute (Gornji Vakuf)
Kute is a village in the municipality of Gornji Vakuf, Bosnia and Herzegovina....


Lužani
Lužani (Gornji Vakuf)
Lužani is a village in the municipality of Gornji Vakuf, Bosnia and Herzegovina.-References:...


• Mačkovac
Mračaj
Mračaj (Gornji Vakuf)
Mračaj is a village in the municipality of Gornji Vakuf, Bosnia and Herzegovina.-References:...


Osredak
Osredak (Gornji Vakuf)
Osredak is a village in the municipality of Gornji Vakuf, Bosnia and Herzegovina....


Pajić Polje
Pajić Polje
Pajić Polje is a village in the municipality of Gornji Vakuf, Bosnia and Herzegovina.-References:...


Paloč
Paloč
Paloč is a village in the municipality of Gornji Vakuf, Bosnia and Herzegovina.-References:...


Pidriš
Pidriš
Pidriš is a village in the municipality of Gornji Vakuf, Bosnia and Herzegovina....


Ploča
Ploča (Gornji Vakuf)
Ploča is a village in the municipality of Gornji Vakuf, Bosnia and Herzegovina.-References:...


Podgrađe
Podgrađe (Gornji Vakuf)
Podgrađe is a village in the municipality of Gornji Vakuf, Bosnia and Herzegovina.-References:...


Pridvorci
Pridvorci (Gornji Vakuf)
Pridvorci is a village in the municipality of Gornji Vakuf, Bosnia and Herzegovina....


Rosulje
Rosulje (Gornji Vakuf)
Rosulje is a village in the municipality of Gornji Vakuf, Bosnia and Herzegovina....


Seferovići
Seferovići (Gornji Vakuf)
Seferovići is a village in the municipality of Gornji Vakuf, Bosnia and Herzegovina.-References:...


Seoci
Seoci (Gornji Vakuf)
Seoci is a village in the municipality of Gornji Vakuf, Bosnia and Herzegovina....


Smrčevice
Smrčevice
Smrčevice is a village in the municipality of Gornji Vakuf, Bosnia and Herzegovina.-References:...


Svilići
Svilići
Svilići is a village in the municipality of Gornji Vakuf, Bosnia and Herzegovina.-References:...


Šugine Bare
Šugine Bare
Šugine Bare is a village in the municipality of Gornji Vakuf, Bosnia and Herzegovina.-References:...


Uzričje
Uzričje
Uzričje is a village in the municipality of Gornji Vakuf, Bosnia and Herzegovina.-References:...


Vaganjac
Vaganjac
Vaganjac is a village in the municipality of Gornji Vakuf, Bosnia and Herzegovina.-References:...


Valice
Valice
Valice is a village and municipality in the Rimavská Sobota District of the Banská Bystrica Region of southern Slovakia.-External links:*http://www.statistics.sk/mosmis/eng/run.html...


Vilić Polje
Vilić Polje
Vilić Polje is a village in the municipality of Gornji Vakuf, Bosnia and Herzegovina....


Voljevac
Voljevac (Gornji Vakuf)
Voljevac is a village in the municipality of Gornji Vakuf, Bosnia and Herzegovina....


Voljice
Voljice
Voljice is a village in the municipality of Gornji Vakuf, Bosnia and Herzegovina.-References:...


Vrse
Vrse
Vrse is a village in the municipality of Gornji Vakuf, Bosnia and Herzegovina....


Zastinje i Ždrimci
Zastinje i Ždrimci
Zastinje is a village in the municipality of Gornji Vakuf, Bosnia and Herzegovina....

.

1971

19.344 total
  • Bosnian Muslims (Bosniaks) - 10.482 (54,18%)
  • Croats - 8.605 (44,48%)
  • Serbs - 141 (0,72%)
  • Yugoslavs - 18 (0,09%)
  • others - 98 (0,53%)

1991

In the census of 1991, the municipality of Gornji Vakuf-Uskoplje had 25,130 inhabitants: 56.05% Bosniaks
Bosniaks
The Bosniaks or Bosniacs are a South Slavic ethnic group, living mainly in Bosnia and Herzegovina, with a smaller minority also present in other lands of the Balkan Peninsula especially in Serbia, Montenegro and Croatia...

, 42.61% Croats
Croats
Croats are a South Slavic ethnic group mostly living in Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina and nearby countries. There are around 4 million Croats living inside Croatia and up to 4.5 million throughout the rest of the world. Responding to political, social and economic pressure, many Croats have...

, 0.60% Yugoslavs
Yugoslavs
Yugoslavs is a national designation used by a minority of South Slavs across the countries of the former Yugoslavia and in the diaspora...

, 0.42% Serbs
Serbs
The Serbs are a South Slavic ethnic group of the Balkans and southern Central Europe. Serbs are located mainly in Serbia, Montenegro and Bosnia and Herzegovina, and form a sizable minority in Croatia, the Republic of Macedonia and Slovenia. Likewise, Serbs are an officially recognized minority in...

 and 0.31% others.

The town itself had 5,349 residents, of which 61% Bosniaks, 34% Croats, 2% Yugoslavs, 1% Serbs and 1% others.
  • Settlement: Bosniaks Srbs Croats Yugos Others Sum B% S% C% Y% O%
  • G.Vakuf-1 3278 76 1817 126 52 5349 61% 1% 34% 2% 1%

Ethnicity Number Percent (%)
Bosniaks
Bosniaks
The Bosniaks or Bosniacs are a South Slavic ethnic group, living mainly in Bosnia and Herzegovina, with a smaller minority also present in other lands of the Balkan Peninsula especially in Serbia, Montenegro and Croatia...

14063 55.84%
Croats
Croats
Croats are a South Slavic ethnic group mostly living in Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina and nearby countries. There are around 4 million Croats living inside Croatia and up to 4.5 million throughout the rest of the world. Responding to political, social and economic pressure, many Croats have...

10706 42.51%
Yugoslavs
Yugoslavs
Yugoslavs is a national designation used by a minority of South Slavs across the countries of the former Yugoslavia and in the diaspora...

158 0.62%
Others 144 0.60%
Serbs
Serbs
The Serbs are a South Slavic ethnic group of the Balkans and southern Central Europe. Serbs are located mainly in Serbia, Montenegro and Bosnia and Herzegovina, and form a sizable minority in Croatia, the Republic of Macedonia and Slovenia. Likewise, Serbs are an officially recognized minority in...

110 0.43%
TOTAL 25181 100%

2005

It is estimated that the population of municipality in 2005. included 65% Bosniaks and 35% Croats.
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