Glycerate 3-phosphate
Encyclopedia
3-Phosphoglyceric acid (3PG), or glycerate 3-phosphate (GP), is a biochemically
significant 3-carbon molecule
that is a metabolic intermediate in both glycolysis
and the Calvin cycle
. This chemical is often termed PGA when referring to the Calvin cycle. 3-Phosphoglycerate is the resultant of the split of 6-carbon intermediate that is so unstable that it splits instantly. And two 3-phosphoglycerate molecules are produced for each molecule of CO2.
(PGAL). This is the first compound formed during the C3 or Calvin cycle. It is a reactive biomolecule that is easily reduced.
, which, in turn, can create cysteine
and glycine
through the homocysteine
cycle.
Biochemistry
Biochemistry, sometimes called biological chemistry, is the study of chemical processes in living organisms, including, but not limited to, living matter. Biochemistry governs all living organisms and living processes...
significant 3-carbon molecule
Molecule
A molecule is an electrically neutral group of at least two atoms held together by covalent chemical bonds. Molecules are distinguished from ions by their electrical charge...
that is a metabolic intermediate in both glycolysis
Glycolysis
Glycolysis is the metabolic pathway that converts glucose C6H12O6, into pyruvate, CH3COCOO− + H+...
and the Calvin cycle
Calvin cycle
The Calvin cycle or Calvin–Benson-Bassham cycle or reductive pentose phosphate cycle or C3 cycle or CBB cycle is a series of biochemical redox reactions that take place in the stroma of chloroplasts in photosynthetic organisms...
. This chemical is often termed PGA when referring to the Calvin cycle. 3-Phosphoglycerate is the resultant of the split of 6-carbon intermediate that is so unstable that it splits instantly. And two 3-phosphoglycerate molecules are produced for each molecule of CO2.
Glycolysis
Calvin cycle
In the Calvin cycle, two glycerate 3-phosphate molecules are reduced to form two molecules of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphateGlyceraldehyde 3-phosphate
Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate, also known as triose phosphate or 3-phosphoglyceraldehyde and abbreviated as G3P, GADP, GAP, TP, GALP or PGAL, is a chemical compound that occurs as an intermediate in several central metabolic pathways of all organisms...
(PGAL). This is the first compound formed during the C3 or Calvin cycle. It is a reactive biomolecule that is easily reduced.
Amino acid synthesis
Glycerate 3-phosphate is also a precursor for serineSerine
Serine is an amino acid with the formula HO2CCHCH2OH. It is one of the proteinogenic amino acids. By virtue of the hydroxyl group, serine is classified as a polar amino acid.-Occurrence and biosynthesis:...
, which, in turn, can create cysteine
Cysteine
Cysteine is an α-amino acid with the chemical formula HO2CCHCH2SH. It is a non-essential amino acid, which means that it is biosynthesized in humans. Its codons are UGU and UGC. The side chain on cysteine is thiol, which is polar and thus cysteine is usually classified as a hydrophilic amino acid...
and glycine
Glycine
Glycine is an organic compound with the formula NH2CH2COOH. Having a hydrogen substituent as its 'side chain', glycine is the smallest of the 20 amino acids commonly found in proteins. Its codons are GGU, GGC, GGA, GGG cf. the genetic code.Glycine is a colourless, sweet-tasting crystalline solid...
through the homocysteine
Homocysteine
Homocysteine is a non-protein amino acid with the formula HSCH2CH2CHCO2H. It is a homologue of the amino acid cysteine, differing by an additional methylene group. It is biosynthesized from methionine by the removal of its terminal Cε methyl group...
cycle.
See also
- 2-Phosphoglyceric acid