The Global Climate Observing System (GCOS) is an international institution co-sponsored by the World Meteorological Organization

World Meteorological Organization

The World Meteorological Organization is an intergovernmental organization with a membership of 189 Member States and Territories. It originated from the International Meteorological Organization , which was founded in 1873...

 (WMO), the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission

Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission

The Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission was established by resolution 2.31 adopted by the General Conference of UNESCO. It first met in Paris at Unesco Headquarters from 19 to 27 October 1961. Initially, 40 States became members of the Commission.The IOC is composed of its Member States ,...

 (IOC) of UNESCO

UNESCO

The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization is a specialized agency of the United Nations...

, the United Nations Environment Programme

United Nations Environment Programme

The United Nations Environment Programme coordinates United Nations environmental activities, assisting developing countries in implementing environmentally sound policies and practices. It was founded as a result of the United Nations Conference on the Human Environment in June 1972 and has its...

 (UNEP), and the International Council for Science

International Council for Science

The International Council for Science , formerly the International Council of Scientific Unions, was founded in 1931 as an international non-governmental organization devoted to international co-operation in the advancement of science...

 (ICSU). GCOS is intended to be a long-term, user-driven operational system capable of providing the comprehensive observations required for monitoring the climate

Climate

Climate encompasses the statistics of temperature, humidity, atmospheric pressure, wind, rainfall, atmospheric particle count and other meteorological elemental measurements in a given region over long periods...

 system, for detecting and attributing climate change, for assessing the impacts of climate variability and change, and for supporting research toward improved understanding, modelling and prediction of the climate system. It addresses the total climate system including physical, chemical and biological properties, and atmospheric, oceanic, hydrologic, cryospheric and terrestrial processes.

The UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) has strongly supported the need for systematic climate observations in the GCOS plan and in its recent Conference of the Parties-15 in Copenhagen in December 2009 urged nations to work towards addressing the priorities and gaps identified in the planning for GCOS, in particular the implementation of regional action plans and ensuring sustained long-term operation of networks particularly for the oceanic and terrestrial domains.

Science Panels

GCOS is directed by a Steering Committee which has created three Science Panels. The Steering Committee and the Science Panels are assisted by the GCOS Secretariat, located at the headquarters of the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) in Geneva

Geneva

Geneva In the national languages of Switzerland the city is known as Genf , Ginevra and Genevra is the second-most-populous city in Switzerland and is the most populous city of Romandie, the French-speaking part of Switzerland...

, Switzerland

Switzerland

Switzerland name of one of the Swiss cantons. ; ; ; or ), in its full name the Swiss Confederation , is a federal republic consisting of 26 cantons, with Bern as the seat of the federal authorities. The country is situated in Western Europe,Or Central Europe depending on the definition....

.

Atmospheric Observation Panel for Climate

The Atmospheric Observation Panel for Climate's (AOPC) primary responsibilities are to identify the needs for observations in the areas of meteorology and atmospheric chemistry and to facilitate the establishment or enhancement of networks to obtain them.

Ocean Observations Panel for Climate

The Ocean Observations Panel for Climate is charged with making recommendations for a sustained global ocean observing system for climate in support of the goals of its sponsors. This includes recommendations for phased implementation. The Panel also aids in the development of strategies for evaluation and evolution of the system and of its recommendations, and supports global ocean observing activities by interested parties through liaison and advocacy for the agreed observing plans. It is jointly sponsored by the Global Ocean Observing System (GOOS) of IOC.

Terrestrial Observation Panel for Climate

The Terrestrial Observation Panel for Climate (TOPC) was set up to develop a balanced and integrated system of in situ and satellite observations of the terrestrial-ecosystem. It is jointly sponsored by GCOS and the Global Terrestrial Observing System (GTOS) of FAO, to fulfil their needs for climate-related observations.

GCOS Surface Network

The GCOS Surface network is a world wide co-operative system of global climate monitoring. An example is Australia, which has Reference Climate Stations (RCS), GCOS Surface Network stations (GSN) and combined stations for both systems

External links

• GCOS home page.
• GTOS home page.
• Observing System Data on-line - Near-realtime Argo float data, TAO El Nino data, Global Summary of the Day meteorological data, World Ocean Data Base (WODB 2005), Coastal buoy data from NDBC, and more.
• Home page of AOPC
• Home page of OOPC
• Home page of TOPC