Glass databases
Encyclopedia
Glass databases are a collection of glass
compositions, glass properties, glass models, associated trademark
names, patent
s etc. These data were collected from publications in scientific papers and patents, from personal communication with scientists and engineers, and other relevant sources.
and the Cold War
prevented similar efforts for many years afterwards. In 1956 "Phase Diagrams for Ceramists" was published the first time, containing a collection of phase diagram
s. This database is known today as "Phase Equilibria Diagrams". In 1991 the Japanese database Interglad was created, followed by the publication of the "Handbook of Glass Data" in 1993. The "Handbook of Glass Data" was later digitalized and substantially expanded under the name SciGlass. Currently, SciGlass contains properties of about 350,000 glass compositions, INTERGLAD about 300,000, and "Phase Equilibria Diagrams" includes about 20,000 diagrams.
s.
Glass
Glass is an amorphous solid material. Glasses are typically brittle and optically transparent.The most familiar type of glass, used for centuries in windows and drinking vessels, is soda-lime glass, composed of about 75% silica plus Na2O, CaO, and several minor additives...
compositions, glass properties, glass models, associated trademark
Trademark
A trademark, trade mark, or trade-mark is a distinctive sign or indicator used by an individual, business organization, or other legal entity to identify that the products or services to consumers with which the trademark appears originate from a unique source, and to distinguish its products or...
names, patent
Patent
A patent is a form of intellectual property. It consists of a set of exclusive rights granted by a sovereign state to an inventor or their assignee for a limited period of time in exchange for the public disclosure of an invention....
s etc. These data were collected from publications in scientific papers and patents, from personal communication with scientists and engineers, and other relevant sources.
History
Since the beginning of scientific glass research in the 19th century thousands of glass property-composition datasets were published. The first attempt to summarize all those data systematically was the monograph "Glastechnische Tabellen". World War IIWorld War II
World War II, or the Second World War , was a global conflict lasting from 1939 to 1945, involving most of the world's nations—including all of the great powers—eventually forming two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis...
and the Cold War
Cold War
The Cold War was the continuing state from roughly 1946 to 1991 of political conflict, military tension, proxy wars, and economic competition between the Communist World—primarily the Soviet Union and its satellite states and allies—and the powers of the Western world, primarily the United States...
prevented similar efforts for many years afterwards. In 1956 "Phase Diagrams for Ceramists" was published the first time, containing a collection of phase diagram
Phase diagram
A phase diagram in physical chemistry, engineering, mineralogy, and materials science is a type of chart used to show conditions at which thermodynamically distinct phases can occur at equilibrium...
s. This database is known today as "Phase Equilibria Diagrams". In 1991 the Japanese database Interglad was created, followed by the publication of the "Handbook of Glass Data" in 1993. The "Handbook of Glass Data" was later digitalized and substantially expanded under the name SciGlass. Currently, SciGlass contains properties of about 350,000 glass compositions, INTERGLAD about 300,000, and "Phase Equilibria Diagrams" includes about 20,000 diagrams.
Glass database contents
The following list of glass database contents is not complete, and it may not be up to date. For full features see the references section below. All databases contain citations to the original data sources and the chemical composition of the glasses or ceramicCeramic
A ceramic is an inorganic, nonmetallic solid prepared by the action of heat and subsequent cooling. Ceramic materials may have a crystalline or partly crystalline structure, or may be amorphous...
s.
- SciGlass: ViscosityViscosityViscosity is a measure of the resistance of a fluid which is being deformed by either shear or tensile stress. In everyday terms , viscosity is "thickness" or "internal friction". Thus, water is "thin", having a lower viscosity, while honey is "thick", having a higher viscosity...
, densityDensityThe mass density or density of a material is defined as its mass per unit volume. The symbol most often used for density is ρ . In some cases , density is also defined as its weight per unit volume; although, this quantity is more properly called specific weight...
, mechanical properties, optical properties (including optical spectra), thermal expansion and other thermal properties, electrical properties, chemical durability, liquidus temperatureLiquidus temperatureThe liquidus temperature, TL or Tliq, is mostly used for glasses, alloys and rocks. It specifies the maximum temperature at which crystals can co-exist with the melt in thermodynamic equilibrium. Above the liquidus temperature the material is homogeneous...
s, crystallization characteristics, ternary diagrams of glass formation, glass property calculation methods, patent and trademark index, subject index etc. - Interglad: ViscosityViscosityViscosity is a measure of the resistance of a fluid which is being deformed by either shear or tensile stress. In everyday terms , viscosity is "thickness" or "internal friction". Thus, water is "thin", having a lower viscosity, while honey is "thick", having a higher viscosity...
, densityDensityThe mass density or density of a material is defined as its mass per unit volume. The symbol most often used for density is ρ . In some cases , density is also defined as its weight per unit volume; although, this quantity is more properly called specific weight...
, mechanical properties, optical properties, electrical properties, statistical analysis, liquidus temperatures, ternary property diagrams - Phase Equilibria Diagrams: Phase diagramPhase diagramA phase diagram in physical chemistry, engineering, mineralogy, and materials science is a type of chart used to show conditions at which thermodynamically distinct phases can occur at equilibrium...
s, including liquidus and solidusSolidusSolidus may refer to:*Solidus , the "⁄" grammatical punctuation character, also used in mathematics*Slash a sign, "/" used as a punctuation mark and for various other purposes...
temperatures, eutectic pointEutectic pointA eutectic system is a mixture of chemical compounds or elements that has a single chemical composition that solidifies at a lower temperature than any other composition. This composition is known as the eutectic composition and the temperature is known as the eutectic temperature...
s, crystalline phases, primary crystalline phases
Application of glass databases
- Experimental planning, expected properties and appropriate glass compositions can be estimated from similar data.
- Calculation of glass propertiesCalculation of glass propertiesThe calculation of glass properties is used to predict glass properties of interest or glass behavior under certain conditions without experimental investigation, based on past data and experience, with the intention to save time, material, financial, and environmental resources, or to gain...
based on many independent data sources. - Scientific understanding of glass composition-property relations.
- Design of glass compositions that that are not patentPatentA patent is a form of intellectual property. It consists of a set of exclusive rights granted by a sovereign state to an inventor or their assignee for a limited period of time in exchange for the public disclosure of an invention....
ed by the competition.