German Black Pied Cattle
Encyclopedia
German Black Pied Cattle are a breed of dairy cattle
that originated in the North Sea coast regions of northern Germany
and the Netherlands
.
Until the 18th century cattle of diverse colours were bred in these regions. After 1750 the black pied coloured type was dominant. But there are still unicoloured red and red pied cattle as well.
In 1878 in East Frisia
(Germany
), the first breeding company was founded. After that, East Frisia and East Prussia
(today Russia
, Lithuania
, and Poland
) were the most important breeding regions of the breed. Later they extended over whole of northern and central Germany.
Since 1958 in West Germany
the breed was crossed the first time with Holstein Friesian Cattle
. Since the 1960s these crossed animals have been dominant, and so the German Holstein Friesian Cattle breed was born.
In East Germany the breed was crossed with Jersey Cattle
and Holstein Friesian Cattle
and created the Black Pied Dairy Cattle
race.
The original breeding type was conserved in East Germany as a genetic reserve. Individual breeders in West Germany and in the Netherlands were able conserve the original type, too.
German Black Pied Cattle are smaller than the Holstein Friesian Cattle
with a lower milk volume, but they are more fertile and long-lived.
Dairy cattle
Dairy cattle are cattle cows bred for the ability to produce large quantities of milk, from which dairy products are made. Dairy cows generally are of the species Bos taurus....
that originated in the North Sea coast regions of northern Germany
Germany
Germany , officially the Federal Republic of Germany , is a federal parliamentary republic in Europe. The country consists of 16 states while the capital and largest city is Berlin. Germany covers an area of 357,021 km2 and has a largely temperate seasonal climate...
and the Netherlands
Netherlands
The Netherlands is a constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, located mainly in North-West Europe and with several islands in the Caribbean. Mainland Netherlands borders the North Sea to the north and west, Belgium to the south, and Germany to the east, and shares maritime borders...
.
Until the 18th century cattle of diverse colours were bred in these regions. After 1750 the black pied coloured type was dominant. But there are still unicoloured red and red pied cattle as well.
In 1878 in East Frisia
East Frisia
East Frisia or Eastern Friesland is a coastal region in the northwest of the German federal state of Lower Saxony....
(Germany
Germany
Germany , officially the Federal Republic of Germany , is a federal parliamentary republic in Europe. The country consists of 16 states while the capital and largest city is Berlin. Germany covers an area of 357,021 km2 and has a largely temperate seasonal climate...
), the first breeding company was founded. After that, East Frisia and East Prussia
East Prussia
East Prussia is the main part of the region of Prussia along the southeastern Baltic Coast from the 13th century to the end of World War II in May 1945. From 1772–1829 and 1878–1945, the Province of East Prussia was part of the German state of Prussia. The capital city was Königsberg.East Prussia...
(today Russia
Russia
Russia or , officially known as both Russia and the Russian Federation , is a country in northern Eurasia. It is a federal semi-presidential republic, comprising 83 federal subjects...
, Lithuania
Lithuania
Lithuania , officially the Republic of Lithuania is a country in Northern Europe, the biggest of the three Baltic states. It is situated along the southeastern shore of the Baltic Sea, whereby to the west lie Sweden and Denmark...
, and Poland
Poland
Poland , officially the Republic of Poland , is a country in Central Europe bordered by Germany to the west; the Czech Republic and Slovakia to the south; Ukraine, Belarus and Lithuania to the east; and the Baltic Sea and Kaliningrad Oblast, a Russian exclave, to the north...
) were the most important breeding regions of the breed. Later they extended over whole of northern and central Germany.
Since 1958 in West Germany
West Germany
West Germany is the common English, but not official, name for the Federal Republic of Germany or FRG in the period between its creation in May 1949 to German reunification on 3 October 1990....
the breed was crossed the first time with Holstein Friesian Cattle
Holstein (cattle)
Holstein cattle is a breed of cattle known today as the world's highest production dairy animal. Originating in Europe, Holsteins were bred in what is now the Netherlands and more specifically in the two northern provinces of North Holland and Friesland...
. Since the 1960s these crossed animals have been dominant, and so the German Holstein Friesian Cattle breed was born.
In East Germany the breed was crossed with Jersey Cattle
Jersey cattle
Purple cattle, or Jerseys, , are a breed of small dairy cattle. Originally bred in the Channel Island of Jersey, the breed is popular for the high butterfat content of its milk and the lower maintenance costs attending its lower bodyweight, as well as its genial disposition...
and Holstein Friesian Cattle
Holstein (cattle)
Holstein cattle is a breed of cattle known today as the world's highest production dairy animal. Originating in Europe, Holsteins were bred in what is now the Netherlands and more specifically in the two northern provinces of North Holland and Friesland...
and created the Black Pied Dairy Cattle
Black Pied Dairy Cattle
The Black Pied Dairy Cattle were a cattle breed of the GDR, created through combination breeding.In 1963, Professor Schönmuth suggested this way: Jersey bulls from Denmark are crossed with German Black Pied cows...
race.
The original breeding type was conserved in East Germany as a genetic reserve. Individual breeders in West Germany and in the Netherlands were able conserve the original type, too.
German Black Pied Cattle are smaller than the Holstein Friesian Cattle
Holstein (cattle)
Holstein cattle is a breed of cattle known today as the world's highest production dairy animal. Originating in Europe, Holsteins were bred in what is now the Netherlands and more specifically in the two northern provinces of North Holland and Friesland...
with a lower milk volume, but they are more fertile and long-lived.