George's taxonomic arrangement of Dryandra
Encyclopedia
Alex George
Alexander Segger George is a Western Australian botanist. He is the authority on the plant genera Banksia and Dryandra...
's taxonomic arrangement of Dryandra
Dryandra
Banksia ser. Dryandra is a series of 94 species of shrub to small tree in the plant genus Banksia. It was considered a separate genus named Dryandra until early 2007, when it was merged into Banksia on the basis of extensive molecular and morphological evidence that Banksia was paraphyletic with...
was the first modern-day arrangement of that taxon. First published in Nuytsia
Nuytsia (journal)
Nuytsia is a peer-reviewed journal published by the Western Australian Herbarium. It publishes papers on systematic botany, giving preference to papers related to the flora of Western Australia. Nearly twenty percent of Western Australia's plant taxa have been published in Nuytsia. First published...
in 1996, it superseded the arrangement of
Bentham's taxonomic arrangement of Dryandra
George Bentham's taxonomic arrangement of Dryandra was published in 1870, in Volume 5 of Bentham's Flora Australiensis...
George Bentham
George Bentham
George Bentham CMG FRS was an English botanist, characterized by Duane Isely as "the premier systematic botanist of the nineteenth century".- Formative years :...
, which had stood for over a hundred years; it would later form the basis for George's 1999 treatment of Dryandra for the Flora of Australia
Flora of Australia (series)
The Flora of Australia is a 59 volume series describing the vascular plants, bryophytes and lichens present in Australia and its external territories...
. In accordance with contemporary thinking, George treated Dryandra as a genus, dividing it into three subgenera, the largest of which was divided into 24 series. The arrangement stood until 2007, when Dryandra was transferred into Banksia
Banksia
Banksia is a genus of around 170 species in the plant family Proteaceae. These Australian wildflowers and popular garden plants are easily recognised by their characteristic flower spikes and fruiting "cones" and heads. When it comes to size, banksias range from prostrate woody shrubs to trees up...
as B. ser. Dryandra. No alternative has yet been proposed.
Background
The dryandras are a group of 94 speciesSpecies
In biology, a species is one of the basic units of biological classification and a taxonomic rank. A species is often defined as a group of organisms capable of interbreeding and producing fertile offspring. While in many cases this definition is adequate, more precise or differing measures are...
in the plant family Proteaceae
Proteaceae
Proteaceae is a family of flowering plants distributed in the Southern Hemisphere. The family comprises about 80 genera with about 1600 species. Together with the Platanaceae and Nelumbonaceae they make up the order Proteales. Well known genera include Protea, Banksia, Embothrium, Grevillea,...
. Endemic to south-west Western Australia
Western Australia
Western Australia is a state of Australia, occupying the entire western third of the Australian continent. It is bounded by the Indian Ocean to the north and west, the Great Australian Bight and Indian Ocean to the south, the Northern Territory to the north-east and South Australia to the south-east...
, they grow in forms varying from prostrate shrub
Shrub
A shrub or bush is distinguished from a tree by its multiple stems and shorter height, usually under 5–6 m tall. A large number of plants may become either shrubs or trees, depending on the growing conditions they experience...
s to small trees. Dryandra was originally published at genus rank in 1810, and was still considered a genus in the 1990s when George published his infrageneric classification.
George's arrangement
George's arrangement of Dryandra was first published in his 1996 article "New taxa and a new infragenetic classification in Dryandra R.Br. (Proteaceae: Grevilleoideae)", which was published in NuytsiaNuytsia (journal)
Nuytsia is a peer-reviewed journal published by the Western Australian Herbarium. It publishes papers on systematic botany, giving preference to papers related to the flora of Western Australia. Nearly twenty percent of Western Australia's plant taxa have been published in Nuytsia. First published...
10(3). This formed the basis for his 1999 treatment of Dryandra for the Flora of Australia
Flora of Australia (series)
The Flora of Australia is a 59 volume series describing the vascular plants, bryophytes and lichens present in Australia and its external territories...
series, in which he published one new species. In 2005, he published a further six new taxa.
George's arrangement remained current until Austin Mast
Austin Mast
Austin R. Mast is a research botanist. Born in 1972, he obtained a Ph.D. from the University of Wisconsin–Madison in 2000. He is currently an associate professor within the Department of Biological Science at Florida State University , and has been director of FSU's since August 2003.One of his...
and Kevin Thiele
Kevin Thiele
Kevin R. Thiele is curator of the Western Australian Herbarium. His research interests include the systematics of the plant families Proteaceae, Rhamnaceae and Violaceae, and the conservation ecology of grassy woodland ecosystems...
transferred Dryandra into Banksia in 2007. Mast and Thiele were not then ready to tender a new arrangement, so as an interim measure they transferred Dryandra into Banksia at series
Series (botany)
Series is a low-level taxonomic rank below that of section but above that of species.In botany, a series is a subdivision of a genus...
, thus minimising the nomenclatural disruption of the transfer. Thus George's taxonomic arrangement of Dryandra was set aside. In effecting the transfer, Mast and Thiele overlooked the six taxa published by George in 2005; these taxa thus retain their original, and now invalid, names.
George's 1999 taxonomic arrangement of Dryandra, with 2005 amendments, is as follows:
- Genus
- Subgenus
Dryandra subg. Dryandra
Dryandra subg. Dryandra is an obsolete series within the former genus Dryandra . It was first published at sectional rank as Dryandra verae in 1830, before being renamed Eudryandra in 1847, the replaced by the autonym at subgenus rank in 1996...
- Series
Dryandra ser. Floribundae
Dryandra ser. Floribundae is an obsolete series within the former genus Dryandra . It was first published by George Bentham in 1870, and was given a new circumscription by Alex George in 1996, but was ultimately discarded in 2007 when Austin Mast and Kevin Thiele sunk Dryandra into...
Banksia sessilis var. sessilis
Banksia sessilis var. sessilis is the most populous and most widespread variety of Banksia sessilis .-Description:The leaves of this variety are larger than those of B. sessilis var. cygnorum but smaller than those of B. sessilis var. cordata. It differs from B. sessilis var...
) D. sessilis var. flabellifolia (now B. sessilis var. flabellifolia
Banksia sessilis var. flabellifolia
Banksia sessilis var. flabellifolia is a variety of Banksia sessilis .-Description:It grows as a shrub up to five metres high. Unlike other varieties of B. sessilis, it has hairless stems. The leaves are fan shaped, with a long, toothless lower margin, and a toothed end...
) D. sessilis var. cordata (now B. sessilis var. cordata
Banksia sessilis var. cordata
Banksia sessilis var. cordata is a variety of Banksia sessilis , with unusually large leaves and flower heads. It is a rare variety that is restricted to the extreme south-west corner of Western Australia.-Description:...
) D. sessilis var. cygnorum (now B. sessilis var. cygnorum
Banksia sessilis var. cygnorum
Banksia sessilis var. cygnorum is a variety of Banksia sessilis .-Description:It grows as a shrub up to five metres high, with a down of fine hairs on the stems. This variety is has the smallest leaves of any B. sessilis variety, being no more than three centimetres long, and less than two...
)
Dryandra ser. Armatae
Dryandra ser. Armatae is an obsolete series within the former genus Dryandra . It was first published by George Bentham in 1870, and was given a new circumscription by Alex George in 1996, but was ultimately discarded in 2007 when Austin Mast and Kevin Thiele sunk Dryandra into Banksia.-According...
Banksia obovata
Banksia obovata, commonly known as Wedge-leaved Dryandra, is a shrub endemic to Western Australia.It was known as Dryandra cuneata until 2007, when all Dryandra species were transferred to Banksia by Austin Mast and Kevin Thiele...
) D. fuscobractea (now B. fuscobractea
Banksia fuscobractea
Banksia fuscobractea is a shrub endemic to Western Australia....
) D. armata (now B. armata
Banksia armata
Banksia armata, commonly known as Prickly Dryandra, is a shrub endemic to Western Australia.-Description:B. armata grows as a spreading or upright shrub, up to three metres in height. It has deeply serrated leaves. Its inflorescences are usually bright yellow, but may be pink.-Distribution and...
)
Banksia armata var. armata
Banksia armata var. armata is a variety of shrub endemic to Western Australia.-Description:B. armata var. armata grows as a spreading shrub, up to three metres in height, with deeply serrated leaves and a bright yellow inflorescence.-Distribution and habitat:It occurs throughout much...
) D. armata var. ignicida (now B. armata var. ignicida
Banksia armata var. ignicida
Banksia armata var. ignicida is a variety of shrub endemic to Western Australia.-Description:B. armata var. ignicida grows as an upright shrub, up to three metres in height, with deeply serrated leaves and yellow or sometimes pink inflorescences...
) D. prionotes (now B. prionophylla
Banksia prionophylla
Banksia prionophylla is a shrub endemic to Western Australia. Known only from a single population of around 70 plants in a remote part of Western Australia, it is considered rare but not endangered...
Banksia arborea
Banksia arborea, commonly known as Yilgarn Dryandra, is a plant endemic to Western Australia, notable as it is the only dryandra to grow to tree-like proportions...
)
Banksia hirta
Banksia hirta is a shrub endemic to Western Australia.It was known as Dryandra hirsuta until 2007, when all Dryandra species were transferred to Banksia by Austin Mast and Kevin Thiele...
)
Banksia pallida
Banksia pallida is a shrub endemic to Western Australia....
)
Banksia purdieana
Banksia purdieana is a shrub endemic to Western Australia....
)
Banksia xylothemelia
Banksia xylothemelia is a sprawling woody shrub of the Proteaceae family endemic to southern Western Australia, one of the many species commonly known as dryandras and until recently called Dryandra xylothemelia...
)
Banksia cirsioides
Banksia cirsioides is a shrub endemic to Western Australia. It was known as Dryandra cirsioides until 2007, when all Dryandra species were transferred to Banksia by Austin Mast and Kevin Thiele.-Description:...
)
Banksia acanthopoda
Banksia acanthopoda is a species of shrub in the Proteaceae family. It grows as a small spreading shrub to 2 m high and has prickly leaves and yellow composite flower heads, called inflorescences, composed of 50 to 60 individual yellow flowers...
)
Banksia squarrosa
Banksia squarrosa, commonly known as Pingle, is a shrub endemic to Western Australia.-Taxonomy:Specimens of B. squarrosa were first collected from near King George Sound in 1829 by William Baxter, and published by Robert Brown as Dryandra squarrosa the following year...
)
- D. squarrosa subsp. squarrosa (now B. squarrosa subsp. squarrosaBanksia squarrosa subsp. squarrosaBanksia squarrosa subsp. squarrosa is a subspecies of Banksia squarrosa. As an autonym, it is defined as encompassing the type material of the species. It was known as Dryandra squarrosa subsp. squarrosa until 2007, when Austin Mast and Kevin Thiele sunk all Dryandra into Banksia. As with other...
) - D. squarrosa subsp. argillacea (now B. squarrosa subsp. argillacea)
Banksia hewardiana
Banksia hewardiana is a shrub endemic to Western Australia. It was first published as Dryandra hewardiana by Carl Meissner in 1856. In 1870, George Bentham published what he held to be a closely related species under the name Dryandra patens, but in 1999 Alex George declared this a synonym of...
)
Banksia wonganensis
Banksia wonganensis is a large shrub endemic to Western Australia that, until 2007, was previously known as Dryandra wonganensis. It occurs within a small area in the vicinity of Wongan Hills. It grows on lateritic soils in open woodland or amongst dense shrub...
)
Banksia trifontinalis
Banksia trifontinalis, commonly known as Three Springs Dryandra, is a shrub endemic to Western Australia.-Description:It grows as an openly branched shrub, and can reach up to two metres high. It has long, narrow, serrated leaves, and a yellow inflorescence.-Taxonomy:The type specimen was collected...
)
Banksia strictifolia
Banksia strictifolia is a shrub endemic to Western Australia.It was known as Dryandra stricta until 2007, when all Dryandra species were transferred to Banksia by Austin Mast and Kevin Thiele. As the name Banksia stricta had already been published in reference to the plant now known as Pimelea...
)
Banksia echinata
Banksia echinata is a shrub endemic to Western Australia....
)
Banksia polycephala
Banksia polycephala, commonly known as Many-headed Dryandra, is a shrub endemic to Western Australia. It was known as Dryandra polycephala until 2007, when all Dryandra species were transferred to Banksia by Austin Mast and Kevin Thiele.-External links:...
)
Banksia subpinnatifida
Banksia subpinnatifida is a shrub endemic to Western Australia....
)
- D. subpinnatifida var. subpinnatifida (now B. subpinnatifida var. subpinnatifidaBanksia subpinnatifida var. subpinnatifidaBanksia subpinnatifida var. subpinnatifida is a variety of Banksia subpinnatifida. As an autonym, it is defined as encompassing the type material of the species. It was known as Dryandra subpinnatifida var. subpinnatifida until 2007, when Austin Mast and Kevin Thiele sunk all Dryandra into Banksia....
) - D. subpinnatifida var. imberbis (now B. subpinnatifida var. imberbis)
Banksia prolata
Banksia prolata is a shrub endemic to Western Australia.It was known as Dryandra longifolia until 2007, when all Dryandra species were transferred to Banksia by Austin Mast and Kevin Thiele...
)
- D. longifolia subsp. longifolia (now B. prolata subsp. prolataBanksia prolata subsp. prolataBanksia prolata subsp. prolata is a subspecies of Banksia prolata. It was known as Dryandra longifolia subsp. longifolia until 2007, when Austin Mast and Kevin Thiele sunk all Dryandra into Banksia. Since the name Banksia longifolia had already been used, Mast and Thiele had to choose a new...
) - D. longifolia subsp. calcicola (now B. prolata subsp. calcicolaBanksia prolata subsp. calcicolaBanksia prolata subsp. calcicola is a subspecies of Banksia prolata. It was known as Dryandra longifolia subsp. calcicola until 2007, when Austin Mast and Kevin Thiele sunk all Dryandra into Banksia. Since the name Banksia longifolia had already been used, Mast and Thiele had to choose a new...
) - D. longifolia subsp. archeos (now B. prolata subsp. archeosBanksia prolata subsp. archeosBanksia prolata subsp. archeos is a subspecies of Banksia prolata. It was known as Dryandra longifolia subsp. archeos until 2007, when Austin Mast and Kevin Thiele sunk all Dryandra into Banksia. Since the name Banksia longifolia had already been used, Mast and Thiele had to choose a new specific...
)
Banksia borealis
Banksia borealis is a shrub endemic to Western Australia....
)
- D. borealis subsp. borealis (now B. borealis subsp. borealisBanksia borealis subsp. borealisBanksia borealis subsp. borealis is a subspecies of Banksia borealis. As an autonym, it is defined as encompassing the type material of the species. It was known as Dryandra borealis subsp. borealis until 2007, when Austin Mast and Kevin Thiele sunk all Dryandra into Banksia. As with other members...
) - D. borealis subsp. elatior (now B. borealis subsp. elatior)
- D. pulchella (now B. bellaBanksia bellaBanksia bella, commonly known as the Silver Wongan Dryandra or Wongan Dryandra, is a shrub endemic to Western Australia. Unusual amongst dryandras, its foliage is glaucous-grey in colour....
)
- D. fraseri (now B. fraseriBanksia fraseriBanksia fraseri is a shrub endemic to Western Australia. It was known as Dryandra fraseri until 2007, when all Dryandra species were transferred to Banksia by Austin Mast and Kevin Thiele.-Description:...
)- D. fraseri var. fraseri (now B. fraseri var. fraseriBanksia fraseri var. fraseriBanksia fraseri var. fraseri is a variety of Banksia fraseri. As an autonym, it is defined as encompassing the type material of the species. It was known as Dryandra fraseri var. fraseri until 2007, when Austin Mast and Kevin Thiele sunk all Dryandra into Banksia. As with other members of Banksia ser...
) - D. fraseri var. crebra (now B. fraseri var. crebra)
- D. fraseri var. effusa (now B. fraseri var. effusa)
- D. fraseri var. ashbyi (now B. fraseri var. ashbyi)
- D. fraseri var. oxycedra (now B. fraseri var. oxycedra)
- D. fraseri var. fraseri (now B. fraseri var. fraseri
- D. sclerophylla (now B. sclerophyllaBanksia sclerophyllaBanksia sclerophylla is a shrub endemic to Western Australia. It was known as Dryandra sclerophylla until 2007, when all Dryandra species were transferred to Banksia by Austin Mast and Kevin Thiele.-External links:...
) - D. kippistiana (now B. kippistianaBanksia kippistianaBanksia kippistiana is a shrub endemic to Western Australia. It was known as Dryandra kippistiana until 2007, when all Dryandra species were transferred to Banksia by Austin Mast and Kevin Thiele....
)- D. kippistiana var. kippistiana (now B. kippistiana var. kippistiana)
- D. kippistiana var. paenepeccata (now B. kippistiana var. paenepeccata)
- D. carlinoides (now B. carlinoidesBanksia carlinoidesBanksia carlinoides, commonly known as Pink Dryandra, is a shrub endemic to Western Australia. It was known as Dryandra carlinoides until 2007, when all Dryandra species were transferred to Banksia by Austin Mast and Kevin Thiele....
) - D. tridentata (now B. tridentataBanksia tridentataBanksia tridentata, commonly known as Yellow Honeypot, is a shrub endemic to Western Australia. It was published as Dryandra tridentata in 1856, and remained in that genus for 150 years, although in 1893 Benjamin Daydon Jackson accidentally listed it in Index Kewensis under Banksia, thus...
)
Dryandra ser. Capitellatae
Dryandra ser. Capitellatae is an obsolete series within the former genus Dryandra . It was published by Alex George in 1996, but discarded in 2007 when Austin Mast and Kevin Thiele sank Dryandra into Banksia.-Publication:George published the series in his 1996 "New taxa and a new infrageneric...
- D. serratuloides (now B. serratuloidesBanksia serratuloidesBanksia serratuloides is a shrub endemic to Western Australia. It was known as Dryandra serratuloides until 2007, when all Dryandra species were transferred to Banksia by Austin Mast and Kevin Thiele.-External links:...
)- D. serratuloides subsp. serratuloides (now B. serratuloides subsp. serratuloidesBanksia serratuloides subsp. serratuloidesBanksia serratuloides subsp. serratuloides is a subspecies of Banksia serratuloides. As an autonym, it is defined as encompassing the type material of the species. It was known as Dryandra serratuloides subsp. serratuloides until 2007, when Austin Mast and Kevin Thiele sunk all Dryandra into...
) - D. serratuloides subsp. perissa (now B. serratuloides subsp. perissa)
- D. serratuloides subsp. serratuloides (now B. serratuloides subsp. serratuloides
- D. meganotia (now B. meganotiaBanksia meganotiaBanksia meganotia is a shrub endemic to Western Australia.An assessment of the potential impact of climate change on this species found that it was likely to be driven to extinction by loss of habitat by 2080, even under mild climate change scenarios....
)
Dryandra ser. Ilicinae
Dryandra ser. Ilicinae is an obsolete series within the former genus Dryandra . It was first published by Carl Meissner in 1856, but was discarded by George Bentham in 1870...
- D. praemorsa (now B. undataBanksia undataBanksia undata, commonly known as Urchin Dryandra, is a shrub endemic to Western Australia.It was known as Dryandra praemorsa until 2007, when all Dryandra species were transferred to Banksia by Austin Mast and Kevin Thiele...
)- D. praemorsa var. praemorsa (now B. undata var. undataBanksia undata var. undataBanksia undata var. undata is a shrub endemic to Western Australia.It was known as Dryandra praemorsa var. praemorsa until 2007, when all Dryandra species were transferred to Banksia by Austin Mast and Kevin Thiele...
) - D. praemorsa var. splendens (now B. undata var. splendensBanksia undata var. splendensBanksia undata var. splendens is a shrub endemic to Western Australia.It was first published by Alex George in 1996, based on a specimen collected by him two years earlier. The name given was Dryandra praemorsa var. splendens, the varietal epithet referring to the "splendid" flower heads...
)
- D. praemorsa var. praemorsa (now B. undata var. undata
- D. quercifolia (now B. helianthaBanksia helianthaBanksia heliantha, commonly known as Oak-leaved Dryandra, is a shrub endemic to Western Australia.It was known as Dryandra quercifolia until 2007, when all Dryandra species were transferred to Banksia by Austin Mast and Kevin Thiele...
) - D. anatona (now B. anatonaBanksia anatonaBanksia anatona is a shrub endemic to Western Australia....
)
- D. formosa (now B. formosaBanksia formosaBanksia formosa, commonly known as Showy Dryandra, is a shrub endemic to Western Australia. It was known as Dryandra formosa until 2007, when all Dryandra species were transferred to Banksia by Austin Mast and Kevin Thiele....
) - D. nobilis (now B. nobilisBanksia nobilisBanksia nobilis, commonly known as Golden Dryandra, Great Dryandra or Kerosene Bush, is a shrub endemic to Western Australia. It occurs on lateritic rises from Eneabba to Katanning in the state's Southwest Botanic Province. With large pinnatifid leaves with triangular lober, and a golden or reddish...
)- D. nobilis subsp. nobilis (now B. nobilis subsp. nobilisBanksia nobilis subsp. nobilisBanksia nobilis subsp. nobilis is a subspecies of Banksia nobilis. As an autonym, it is defined as encompassing the type material of the species. It was known as Dryandra nobilis subsp. nobilis until 2007, when Austin Mast and Kevin Thiele sunk all Dryandra into Banksia. As with other members of...
) - D. nobilis subsp. fragrans (now B. nobilis subsp. fragrans)
- D. nobilis subsp. nobilis (now B. nobilis subsp. nobilis
- D. stuposa (now B. stuposaBanksia stuposaBanksia stuposa is a shrub endemic to Western Australia. It was known as Dryandra stuposa until 2007, when all Dryandra species were transferred to Banksia by Austin Mast and Kevin Thiele.-Description:...
)
- D. mucronulata (now B. mucronulataBanksia mucronulataBanksia mucronulata, commonly known as Swordfish Dryandra, is a shrub endemic to Western Australia. It was known as Dryandra mucronulata until 2007, when all Dryandra species were transferred to Banksia by Austin Mast and Kevin Thiele.-External links:...
)- D. mucronulata subsp. mucronulata (now B. mucronulata subsp. mucronulataBanksia mucronulata subsp. mucronulataBanksia mucronulata subsp. mucronulata is a subspecies of Banksia mucronulata. As an autonym, it is defined as encompassing the type material of the species. It was known as Dryandra mucronulata subsp. mucronulata until 2007, when Austin Mast and Kevin Thiele sunk all Dryandra into Banksia. As with...
) - D. mucronulata subsp. retrorsa (now B. mucronulata subsp. retrorsa)
- D. mucronulata subsp. mucronulata (now B. mucronulata subsp. mucronulata
- D. baxteri (now B. biteraxBanksia biteraxBanksia biterax is a shrub endemic to Western Australia.It was known as Dryandra baxteri until 2007, when all Dryandra species were transferred to Banksia by Austin Mast and Kevin Thiele...
) - D. foliosissima (now B. foliosissimaBanksia foliosissimaBanksia foliosissima is a shrub endemic to Western Australia....
)
- D. comosa (now B. comosaBanksia comosaBanksia comosa, commonly known as Wongan Dryandra, is a shrub endemic to Western Australia. It was known as Dryandra comosa until 2007, when all Dryandra species were transferred to Banksia by Austin Mast and Kevin Thiele....
)
- D. tenuifolia (now B. tenuisBanksia tenuisBanksia tenuis is a shrub endemic to Western Australia. It was known as Dryandra tenuifolia until 2007, when all Dryandra species were transferred to Banksia by Austin Mast and Kevin Thiele...
)- D. tenuifolia var. tenuifolia (now B. tenuis var. tenuisBanksia tenuis var. tenuisBanksia tenuis var. tenuis is a variety of Banksia tenuis. It was known as Dryandra tenuifolia var. tenuifolia until 2007, when Austin Mast and Kevin Thiele sunk all Dryandra into Banksia. Since the name Banksia tenuifolia had already been used, Mast and Thiele had to choose a new specific epithet...
) - D. tenuifolia var. reptans (now B. tenuis var. reptansBanksia tenuis var. reptansBanksia tenuis var. reptans is a variety of Banksia tenuis. It was known as Dryandra tenuifolia var. reptans until 2007, when Austin Mast and Kevin Thiele sunk all Dryandra into Banksia. Since the name Banksia tenuifolia had already been used, Mast and Thiele had to choose a new specific epithet...
)
- D. tenuifolia var. tenuifolia (now B. tenuis var. tenuis
- D. obtusa (now B. obtusaBanksia obtusaBanksia obtusa, commonly known as Shining Honeypot, is a shrub endemic to Western Australia. It was known as Dryandra obtusa until 2007, when all Dryandra species were transferred to Banksia by Austin Mast and Kevin Thiele....
)
- D. ferruginea (now B. rufaBanksia rufaBanksia rufa is a shrub endemic to Western Australia. It was first published by Carl Meisner in 1855, where it was given the name Dryandra ferruginea by Richard Kippist. The following year, Meisner published what was purportedly a distinct species, Dryandra runcinata...
)- D. ferruginea subsp. magma (now B. rufa subsp. magma)
- D. ferruginea subsp. tutanningensis (now B. rufa subsp. tutanningensisBanksia rufa subsp. tutanningensisBanksia rufa subsp. tutanningensis is a subspecies of Banksia rufa. It was known as Dryandra ferruginea subsp. tutanningensis until 2007, when Austin Mast and Kevin Thiele sunk all Dryandra into Banksia. Since the name Banksia ferruginea had already been used, Mast and Thiele had to choose a new...
) - D. ferruginea subsp. ferruginea (now B. rufa subsp. rufaBanksia rufa subsp. rufaBanksia rufa subsp. rufa is a subspecies of Banksia rufa. It was known as Dryandra ferruginea subsp. ferruginea until 2007, when Austin Mast and Kevin Thiele sunk all Dryandra into Banksia. Since the name Banksia ferruginea had already been used, Mast and Thiele had to choose a new specific epithet...
) - D. ferruginea subsp. pumila (now B. rufa subsp. pumilaBanksia rufa subsp. pumilaBanksia rufa subsp. pumila is a subspecies of Banksia rufa. It was known as Dryandra ferruginea subsp. pumila until 2007, when Austin Mast and Kevin Thiele sunk all Dryandra into Banksia. Since the name Banksia ferruginea had already been used, Mast and Thiele had to choose a new specific epithet...
) - D. ferruginea subsp. obliquiloba (now B. rufa subsp. obliquilobaBanksia rufa subsp. obliquilobaBanksia rufa subsp. obliquiloba is a subspecies of Banksia rufa. It was known as Dryandra ferruginea subsp. obliquiloba until 2007, when Austin Mast and Kevin Thiele sunk all Dryandra into Banksia. Since the name Banksia ferruginea had already been used, Mast and Thiele had to choose a new specific...
) - D. ferruginea subsp. chelomacarpa (now B. rufa subsp. chelomacarpaBanksia rufa subsp. chelomacarpaBanksia rufa subsp. chelomacarpa is a subspecies of Banksia rufa. It was known as Dryandra ferruginea subsp. chelomacarpa until 2007, when Austin Mast and Kevin Thiele sunk all Dryandra into Banksia. Since the name Banksia ferruginea had already been used, Mast and Thiele had to choose a new...
) - D. ferruginea subsp. flavescens (now B. rufa subsp. flavescensBanksia rufa subsp. flavescensBanksia rufa subsp. flavescens is a subspecies of Banksia rufa. It was known as Dryandra ferruginea subsp. flavescens until 2007, when Austin Mast and Kevin Thiele sunk all Dryandra into Banksia. Since the name Banksia ferruginea had already been used, Mast and Thiele had to choose a new specific...
)
- D. corvijuga (now B. corvijugaBanksia corvijugaBanksia corvijuga is a shrub endemic to Western Australia....
) - D. epimicta (now B. epimictaBanksia epimictaBanksia epimicta is a shrub endemic to Western Australia....
) - D. proteoides (now B. proteoidesBanksia proteoidesBanksia proteoides, commonly known as King Dryandra, is a shrub endemic to Western Australia. It was known as Dryandra proteoides until 2007, when all Dryandra species were transferred to Banksia by Austin Mast and Kevin Thiele....
)
- D. drummondii (now B. drummondiiBanksia drummondiiBanksia drummondii, commonly known as Drummond's Dryandra, is a shrub endemic to Western Australia. Depending on the subspecies, flowering occurs either mid-year, or at year's end.-Description:...
)- D. drummondii subsp. drummondii (now B. drummondii subsp. drummondii)
- D. drummondii subsp. hiemalis (now B. drummondii subsp. hiemalis)
- D. drummondii subsp. macrorufa (now B. drummondii subsp. macrorufa)
- D. octotriginta (now B. octotrigintaBanksia octotrigintaBanksia octotriginta is a shrub endemic to Western Australia.An assessment of the potential impact of climate change on this species found that it was likely to be driven to extinction by loss of habitat by 2080, even under mild climate change scenarios....
) - D. catoglypta (now B. catoglyptaBanksia catoglyptaBanksia catoglypta is a shrub endemic to Western Australia....
)
Dryandra ser. Aphragma
Dryandra ser. Aphragma is an obsolete series within the former genus Dryandra . It was first published at sectional rank by Robert Brown in 1830, and was retained at that rank until 1999, when Alex George demoted it to a series...
- D. pteridifolia (now B. pteridifoliaBanksia pteridifoliaBanksia pteridifolia, commonly known as Tangled Honeypot, is a shrub endemic to Western Australia. It was known as Dryandra pteridifolia until 2007, when all Dryandra species were transferred to Banksia by Austin Mast and Kevin Thiele.-External links:...
)- D. pteridifolia subsp. inretita (now B. pteridifolia subsp. inretitaBanksia pteridifolia subsp. pteridifoliaBanksia pteridifolia subsp. pteridifolia is a subspecies of Banksia pteridifolia. As an autonym, it is defined as encompassing the type material of the species. It was known as Dryandra pteridifolia subsp. pteridifolia until 2007, when Austin Mast and Kevin Thiele sunk all Dryandra into Banksia. As...
) - D. pteridifolia subsp. pteridifolia (now B. pteridifolia subsp. pteridifoliaBanksia pteridifolia subsp. pteridifoliaBanksia pteridifolia subsp. pteridifolia is a subspecies of Banksia pteridifolia. As an autonym, it is defined as encompassing the type material of the species. It was known as Dryandra pteridifolia subsp. pteridifolia until 2007, when Austin Mast and Kevin Thiele sunk all Dryandra into Banksia. As...
) - D. pteridifolia subsp. vernalis (now B. pteridifolia subsp. vernalis)
- D. pteridifolia subsp. inretita (now B. pteridifolia subsp. inretita
- D. fililoba (now B. fililobaBanksia fililobaBanksia fililoba is a shrub endemic to Western Australia....
) - D. shanklandiorum (now B. shanklandiorumBanksia shanklandiorumBanksia shanklandiorum is a shrub endemic to Western Australia....
) - D. nervosa (now B. alliaceaBanksia alliaceaBanksia alliacea is a shrub endemic to Western Australia.It was known as Dryandra nervosa until 2007, when all Dryandra species were transferred to Banksia by Austin Mast and Kevin Thiele...
) - D. blechnifolia (now B. pellaeifoliaBanksia pellaeifoliaBanksia pellaeifolia is a shrub endemic to Western Australia.It was known as Dryandra blechnifolia until 2007, when all Dryandra species were transferred to Banksia by Austin Mast and Kevin Thiele...
) - D. porrecta (now B. porrectaBanksia porrectaBanksia porrecta is a shrub endemic to Western Australia.An assessment of the potential impact of climate change on this species found that its range is likely to contract by between 50% and 80% by 2080, depending on the severity of the change....
) - D. aurantia (now B. aurantiaBanksia aurantiaBanksia aurantia is a shrub endemic to Western Australia....
) - D. calophylla (now B. calophyllaBanksia calophyllaBanksia calophylla is a shrub endemic to Western Australia. It was known as Dryandra calophylla until 2007, when all Dryandra species were transferred to Banksia by research botanists Austin Mast and Kevin Thiele.-External links:...
) - D. lepidorhiza (now B. lepidorhizaBanksia lepidorhizaBanksia lepidorhiza is a shrub endemic to Western Australia....
)
- D. ionthocarpa (now B. ionthocarpaBanksia ionthocarpaBanksia ionthocarpa is a shrub endemic to Western Australia. It was known as Dryandra ionthocarpa until 2007.-Taxonomy:B. ionthocarpa was first discovered in 1987 by professional seed supplier Peter Luscombe. The following year specimens were collected by both Margaret Pieroni and Alex George...
)- D. ionthocarpa subsp. ionthocarpa (now B. ionthocarpa subsp. ionthocarpaBanksia ionthocarpa subsp. ionthocarpaBanksia ionthocarpa subsp. ionthocarpa is a subspecies of Banksia ionthocarpa. As an autonym, it is defined as encompassing the type material of the species. It was known as Dryandra ionthocarpa subsp. ionthocarpa until 2007, when Austin Mast and Kevin Thiele sunk all Dryandra into Banksia. As with...
) - D. ionthocarpa subsp. chrysophoenix (now B. ionthocarpa subsp. chrysophoenix)
- D. ionthocarpa subsp. ionthocarpa (now B. ionthocarpa subsp. ionthocarpa
- D. idiogenes (now B. idiogenesBanksia idiogenesBanksia idiogenes is a shrub endemic to Western Australia. It was known as Dryandra idiogenes until 2007.-Taxonomy:B. idiogenes was first discovered by Alex George in 1986, and published by him in 1996 as Dryandra idiogenes, the specific epithet coming from the Greek idiogenes , in reference...
)
- D. subulata (now B. subulataBanksia subulataBanksia subulata, commonly known as Awled Honeypot, is a shrub endemic to Western Australia.-Taxonomy:It was first published as Dryandra subulata by Charles Gardner in 1964. In Alex George's 1996 arrangement, this species was recognised as quite distinctive, being unusual in its long, unserrated...
)
- D. cynaroides (now B. cynaroidesBanksia cynaroidesBanksia cynaroides is a shrub endemic to Western Australia.An assessment of the potential impact of climate change on this species found that it was likely to be driven to extinction by loss of habitat by 2080, even under mild climate change scenarios....
) - D. erythrocephala (now B. erythrocephalaBanksia erythrocephalaBanksia erythrocephala is a shrub endemic to Western Australia.An assessment of the potential impact of climate change on this species found that it was likely to be driven to extinction by loss of habitat by 2080, even under mild climate change scenarios....
)- D. erythrocephala var. erythrocephala (now B. erythrocephala var. erythrocephalaBanksia erythrocephala var. erythrocephalaBanksia erythrocephala var. erythrocephala is a variety of Banksia erythrocephala. As an autonym, it is defined as encompassing the type material of the species. It was known as Dryandra erythrocephala var. erythrocephala until 2007, when Austin Mast and Kevin Thiele sunk all Dryandra into Banksia....
) - D. erythrocephala var. inopinata (now B. erythrocephala var. inopinata)
- D. erythrocephala var. erythrocephala (now B. erythrocephala var. erythrocephala
- D. horrida (now B. horridaBanksia horridaBanksia horrida, commonly known as Prickly Dryandra, is a shrub endemic to Western Australia. It was known as Dryandra horrida until 2007, when all Dryandra species were transferred to Banksia by Austin Mast and Kevin Thiele....
) - D. vestita (now B. vestitaBanksia vestitaBanksia vestita, commonly known as Summer Dryandra, is a shrub endemic to Western Australia. It was known as Dryandra vestita until 2007.-Description:...
) - D. viscida (now B. viscidaBanksia viscidaBanksia viscida, commonly known as Sticky Dryandra, is a small shrub known only from four laterite hills in semi-arid inland Western Australia. Known until recently as Dryandra viscida, it is thought to be rare but not threatened....
) - D. mimica (now B. mimicaBanksia mimicaBanksia mimica, commonly known as Summer Honeypot, is a shrub endemic to Western Australia. Until 2007 it was known as Dryandra mimica; in 2007 all Dryandra species were transferred into Banksia....
) - D. speciosa (now B. splendidaBanksia splendidaBanksia splendida, commonly known as Shaggy Dryandra, is a shrub endemic to Western Australia. It was known as Dryandra speciosa until 2007-Taxonomy:...
)- D. speciosa subsp. speciosa (now B. speciosa subsp. splendidaBanksia splendida subsp. splendidaBanksia splendida subsp. splendida is a subspecies of Banksia splendida. It was known as Dryandra speciosa subsp. speciosa until 2007, when Austin Mast and Kevin Thiele sunk all Dryandra into Banksia. Since the name Banksia speciosa had already been used, Mast and Thiele had to choose a new...
) - D. speciosa subsp. macrocarpa (now B. speciosa subsp. macrocarpaBanksia splendida subsp. macrocarpaBanksia splendida subsp. macrocarpa is a subspecies of Banksia splendida. It was known as Dryandra speciosa subsp. macrocarpa until 2007, when Austin Mast and Kevin Thiele sunk all Dryandra into Banksia. Since there was already a species named Banksia speciosa, Mast and Thiele had to choose a new...
)
- D. speciosa subsp. speciosa (now B. speciosa subsp. splendida
- D. shuttleworthiana (now B. shuttleworthianaBanksia shuttleworthianaBanksia shuttleworthiana, commonly known as Bearded Dryandra, is a shrub endemic to Western Australia, and is found between the towns of Geraldton and Gingin. It was known as Dryandra shuttleworthiana until 2007, when all Dryandra species were transferred to Banksia by Austin Mast and Kevin...
)
Dryandra ser. Plumosae
Dryandra ser. Plumosae is an obsolete series within the former genus Dryandra . It was published by Alex George in 1996, but discarded in 2007 when Austin Mast and Kevin Thiele sank Dryandra into Banksia....
- D. plumosa (now B. plumosaBanksia plumosaBanksia plumosa is a shrub endemic to Western Australia. It was known as Dryandra plumosa until 2007, when all Dryandra species were transferred to Banksia by Austin Mast and Kevin Thiele....
)- D. plumosa subsp. plumosa (now B. plumosa subsp. plumosaBanksia plumosa subsp. plumosaBanksia plumosa subsp. plumosa is a subspecies of Banksia plumosa. As an autonym, it is defined as encompassing the type material of the species. It was known as Dryandra plumosa subsp. plumosa until 2007, when Austin Mast and Kevin Thiele sunk all Dryandra into Banksia. As with other members of...
) - D. plumosa subsp. denticulata (now B. plumosa subsp. denticulata)
- D. plumosa subsp. plumosa (now B. plumosa subsp. plumosa
- D. pseudoplumosa (now B. pseudoplumosaBanksia pseudoplumosaBanksia pseudoplumosa is a shrub endemic to Western Australia....
) - D. montana (now B. montanaBanksia montanaBanksia montana is a shrub endemic to Western Australia....
)
- D. concinna (now B. concinnaBanksia concinnaBanksia concinna is a shrub endemic to Western Australia. It was known as Dryandra concinna until 2007, when all Dryandra species were transferred to Banksia by Austin Mast and Kevin Thiele.-External links:...
) - D. serra (now B. serraBanksia serraBanksia serra, commonly known as Serrate-leaved Dryandra, is a shrub endemic to Western Australia. It was known as Dryandra polycephala until 2007, when all Dryandra species were transferred to Banksia by Austin Mast and Kevin Thiele.An assessment of the potential impact of climate change on this...
) - D. foliolata (now B. foliolataBanksia foliolataBanksia foliolata is a shrub endemic to Western Australia. It was known as Dryandra foliolata until 2007, when all Dryandra species were transferred to Banksia by Austin Mast and Kevin Thiele.-External links:...
)
- D. fasciculata (now B. fasciculataBanksia fasciculataBanksia fasciculata is a shrub endemic to Western Australia....
) - D. conferta (now B. densaBanksia densaBanksia densa is a shrub endemic to Western Australia. It was known as Dryandra conferta until 2007, when all Dryandra species were transferred to Banksia by Austin Mast and Kevin Thiele...
)- D. conferta var. conferta (now B. densa var. densaBanksia densa var. densaBanksia densa var. densa is a variety of Banksia densa. It was known as Dryandra conferta var. conferta until 2007, when Austin Mast and Kevin Thiele sunk all Dryandra into Banksia. Since the name Banksia conferta had already been used, Mast and Thiele had to choose a new specific epithet for D....
) - D. conferta var. parva (now B. densa var. parvaBanksia densa var. parvaBanksia densa var. parva is a variety of Banksia densa. It was known as Dryandra conferta var. parva until 2007, when Austin Mast and Kevin Thiele sunk all Dryandra into Banksia. Since there was already a Banksia named Banksia conferta, Mast and Thiele had to choose a new specific epithet for D....
)
- D. conferta var. conferta (now B. densa var. densa
- D. columnaris (now B. columnarisBanksia columnarisBanksia columnaris is a shrub endemic to Western Australia....
) - D. platycarpa (now B. platycarpaBanksia platycarpaBanksia platycarpa is a shrub endemic to Western Australia....
) - D. seneciifolia (now B. seneciifoliaBanksia seneciifoliaBanksia seneciifolia is a shrub endemic to Western Australia. It was known as Dryandra polycephala until 2007, when all Dryandra species were transferred to Banksia by Austin Mast and Kevin Thiele.-External links:...
) - D. rufistylis (now B. rufistylisBanksia rufistylisBanksia rufistylis is a shrub endemic to Western Australia....
) - D. insulanemorecincta (now B. insulanemorecinctaBanksia insulanemorecinctaBanksia insulanemorecincta is a shrub endemic to Western Australia....
)
- D. nana (now B. nanaBanksia nanaBanksia nana, commonly known as Dwarf Dryandra, is a shrub endemic to Western Australia. It was known as Dryandra nana until 2007, when all Dryandra species were transferred to Banksia by Austin Mast and Kevin Thiele....
)
- D. preissii (now B. acuminataBanksia acuminataBanksia acuminata is a rare prostrate shrub endemic to south-west Western Australia. It was published in 1848 as Dryandra preissii, but transferred into Banksia as B. acuminata in 2007.-Description:...
)
Dryandra ser. Niveae
Dryandra ser. Niveae is an obsolete series within the former genus Dryandra . It was first published by George Bentham in 1870, and was given a new circumscription by Alex George in 1996, but was ultimately discarded in 2007 when Austin Mast and Kevin Thiele sunk Dryandra into Banksia.-According to...
- D. arctotidis (now B. arctotidisBanksia arctotidisBanksia arctotidis is a shrub endemic to Western Australia. It was known as Dryandra arctotidis until 2007, when all Dryandra species were transferred to Banksia by Austin Mast and Kevin Thiele....
) - D. tortifolia (now B. tortifoliaBanksia tortifoliaBanksia tortifolia is a shrub endemic to Western Australia. It was first published as Dryandra tortifolia in 1855. In 1870, George Bentham demoted it to a variety of Dryandra arctotidis , but this was overturned by Alex George in 1999...
) - D. stenoprion (now B. stenoprionBanksia stenoprionBanksia stenoprion is a shrub endemic to Western Australia....
) - D. cypholoba (now B. cypholobaBanksia cypholobaBanksia cypholoba is a shrub endemic to Western Australia....
) - D. lindleyana (now B. dallanneyiBanksia dallanneyiBanksia dallanneyi, commonly known as Couch Honeypot, is a prostrate shrub endemic to Western Australia. It grows to a height and width of up to 0.5 m, although it is very common for many plants to be growing side by side; thus the clump may be several metres across.It was known as Dryandra...
)- D. lindleyana subsp. lindleyana (now B. dallanneyi subsp. dallanneyiBanksia dallanneyi subsp. dallanneyiBanksia dallanneyi subsp. dallanneyi is a subspecies of Banksia dallanneyi. It was known as Dryandra lindleyana subsp. lindleyana until 2007, when Austin Mast and Kevin Thiele sunk all Dryandra into Banksia. Since the name Banksia lindleyana had already been used, Mast and Thiele had to choose a...
) - D. lindleyana subsp. pollosta (now B. dallanneyi subsp. pollostaBanksia dallanneyi subsp. pollostaBanksia dallanneyi subsp. pollosta is a subspecies of Banksia dallanneyi. It was known as Dryandra lindleyana subsp. pollosta until 2007, when Austin Mast and Kevin Thiele sunk all Dryandra into Banksia. Since there was already a Banksia named Banksia lindleyana, Mast and Thiele had to choose a new...
) - D. lindleyana subsp. media (now B. dallanneyi subsp. mediaBanksia dallanneyi subsp. mediaBanksia dallanneyi subsp. media is a subspecies of Banksia dallanneyi. It was known as Dryandra lindleyana subsp. media until 2007, when Austin Mast and Kevin Thiele sunk all Dryandra into Banksia. Since there was already a Banksia named Banksia lindleyana, Mast and Thiele had to choose a new...
) - D. lindleyana subsp. agricola (now B. dallanneyi subsp. agricolaBanksia dallanneyi subsp. agricolaBanksia dallanneyi subsp. agricola is a subspecies of Banksia dallanneyi. It was known as Dryandra lindleyana subsp. agricola until 2007, when Austin Mast and Kevin Thiele sunk all Dryandra into Banksia. Since there was already a Banksia named Banksia lindleyana, Mast and Thiele had to choose a new...
) - D. lindleyana subsp. sylvestris (now B. dallanneyi subsp. sylvestrisBanksia dallanneyi subsp. sylvestrisBanksia dallanneyi subsp. sylvestris is a subspecies of Banksia dallanneyi. It was known as Dryandra lindleyana subsp. sylvestris until 2007, when Austin Mast and Kevin Thiele sunk all Dryandra into Banksia. Since there was already a Banksia named Banksia lindleyana, Mast and Thiele had to choose a...
)
- D. lindleyana subsp. lindleyana (now B. dallanneyi subsp. dallanneyi
- D. brownii (now B. brunneaBanksia brunneaBanksia brunnea is a shrub endemic to Western Australia.It was known as Dryandra brownii until 2007, when all Dryandra species were transferred to Banksia by Austin Mast and Kevin Thiele...
) - D. nivea (now B. niveaBanksia niveaBanksia nivea, commonly known as Honeypot Dryandra, is a shrub endemic to Western Australia. First described as Banksia nivea, it was transferred to Dryandra as Dryandra nivea by Robert Brown in 1810, and remained in that genus until 2007, when all Dryandra species were transferred to Banksia by...
)- D. nivea subsp. nivea (now B. nivea subsp. nivea)
- D. nivea subsp. uliginosa (now B. nivea subsp. uliginosa)
Dryandra subg. Hemiclidia
Dryandra subg. Hemiclidia is an obsolete plant taxon that encompassed material that is now included in Banksia. Published at genus rank as Hemiclidia by Robert Brown in 1830, it was set aside by George Bentham in 1870, but reinstated at subgenus rank by Alex George in 1996...
-
- D. falcata (now B. falcataBanksia falcataBanksia falcata, commonly known as Prickly Dryandra, is a shrub endemic to Western Australia. It was known as Dryandra falcata until 2007, when all Dryandra species were transferred to Banksia by Austin Mast and Kevin Thiele....
) - D. glauca (now B. glaucifoliaBanksia glaucifoliaBanksia glaucifolia is a shrub endemic to Western Australia.It was known as Dryandra glauca until 2007, when all Dryandra species were transferred to Banksia by Austin Mast and Kevin Thiele. The name "Banksia glauca" had already been published in reference to Banksia integrifolia subsp...
)
- D. falcata (now B. falcata
Dryandra subg. Diplophragma
Dryandra subg. Diplophragma is an obsolete subgenus within the former genus Dryandra . It was first published by Robert Brown in 1830, but was discarded by George Bentham in 1870...
-
- D. bipinnatifida (now B. bipinnatifidaBanksia bipinnatifidaBanksia bipinnatifida is a shrub endemic to Western Australia.-Description:It grows as a prostrate shrub with an underground stem and a lignotuber. It has few leaves; these are deeply lobes, and the lobes are themselves deeply lobed, giving the impression of a bipinnate leaf structure...
)
- D. bipinnatifida (now B. bipinnatifida
See also
- Brown's taxonomic arrangement of DryandraBrown's taxonomic arrangement of DryandraRobert Brown's taxonomic arrangement of Dryandra was the first arrangement of what is now Banksia ser. Dryandra. His initial arrangement was published in 1810, and a further arrangement, including an infrageneric classification, followed in 1830...
- Meissner's taxonomic arrangement of DryandraMeissner's taxonomic arrangement of DryandraCarl Meissner's taxonomic arrangement of Dryandra, now Banksia ser. Dryandra, was published in 1856 as part of his chapter on the Proteaceae in A. P. de Candolle's Prodromus systematis naturalis regni vegetabilis...
- Bentham's taxonomic arrangement of DryandraBentham's taxonomic arrangement of DryandraGeorge Bentham's taxonomic arrangement of Dryandra was published in 1870, in Volume 5 of Bentham's Flora Australiensis...