Dryandra subg. Dryandra
Encyclopedia
Autonym (botany)
In botanical nomenclature, autonyms are automatically created names, as regulated by the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature . Autonyms are cited without an author. Relevant provisions are in articles 6.8, 22.1-3 and 26.1-3....
at subgenus rank in 1996. It was ultimately discarded in 2007 when Austin Mast
Austin Mast
Austin R. Mast is a research botanist. Born in 1972, he obtained a Ph.D. from the University of Wisconsin–Madison in 2000. He is currently an associate professor within the Department of Biological Science at Florida State University , and has been director of FSU's since August 2003.One of his...
and Kevin Thiele
Kevin Thiele
Kevin R. Thiele is curator of the Western Australian Herbarium. His research interests include the systematics of the plant families Proteaceae, Rhamnaceae and Violaceae, and the conservation ecology of grassy woodland ecosystems...
sunk Dryandra into Banksia
Banksia
Banksia is a genus of around 170 species in the plant family Proteaceae. These Australian wildflowers and popular garden plants are easily recognised by their characteristic flower spikes and fruiting "cones" and heads. When it comes to size, banksias range from prostrate woody shrubs to trees up...
.
Brown's Dryandra verae
Dryandra verae ("True Dryandra") was published by Brown in his 1830 Supplementum primum Prodromi florae Novae HollandiaeSupplementum Primum Prodromi Florae Novae Hollandiae
Supplementum primum Prodromi florae Novae Hollandiae is an 1830 supplement to Robert Brown's Prodromus florae Novae Hollandiae et Insulae Van Diemen. It may be referred to by its standard botanical abbreviation Suppl. Prodr. Fl. Nov...
. Brown's arrangement
Brown's taxonomic arrangement of Dryandra
Robert Brown's taxonomic arrangement of Dryandra was the first arrangement of what is now Banksia ser. Dryandra. His initial arrangement was published in 1810, and a further arrangement, including an infrageneric classification, followed in 1830...
of Dryandra split a single species out into a separate genus, and divided the remaining Dryandra species into three groups according to what Brown perceived to be variations in the number of seed separators. He allowed for these groups to be treated at subgenus or section rank, but they are now treated as having been published as sections. Dryandra verae was defined as containing those species with a single seed separator per follicle. Its placement and circumscription may be summarised as follows:
- Dryandra (now B. ser. Dryandra)
- Dryandra verae
- D. floribunda (now B. sessilis)
- D. cuneata (now B. obovataBanksia obovataBanksia obovata, commonly known as Wedge-leaved Dryandra, is a shrub endemic to Western Australia.It was known as Dryandra cuneata until 2007, when all Dryandra species were transferred to Banksia by Austin Mast and Kevin Thiele...
) - D. armata (now B. armataBanksia armataBanksia armata, commonly known as Prickly Dryandra, is a shrub endemic to Western Australia.-Description:B. armata grows as a spreading or upright shrub, up to three metres in height. It has deeply serrated leaves. Its inflorescences are usually bright yellow, but may be pink.-Distribution and...
) - D. Serra (now B. serraBanksia serraBanksia serra, commonly known as Serrate-leaved Dryandra, is a shrub endemic to Western Australia. It was known as Dryandra polycephala until 2007, when all Dryandra species were transferred to Banksia by Austin Mast and Kevin Thiele.An assessment of the potential impact of climate change on this...
) - D. concinna (now B. concinnaBanksia concinnaBanksia concinna is a shrub endemic to Western Australia. It was known as Dryandra concinna until 2007, when all Dryandra species were transferred to Banksia by Austin Mast and Kevin Thiele.-External links:...
) - D. foliolata (now B. foliolataBanksia foliolataBanksia foliolata is a shrub endemic to Western Australia. It was known as Dryandra foliolata until 2007, when all Dryandra species were transferred to Banksia by Austin Mast and Kevin Thiele.-External links:...
) - D. squarrosa (now B. squarrosaBanksia squarrosaBanksia squarrosa, commonly known as Pingle, is a shrub endemic to Western Australia.-Taxonomy:Specimens of B. squarrosa were first collected from near King George Sound in 1829 by William Baxter, and published by Robert Brown as Dryandra squarrosa the following year...
) - D. formosa (now B. formosaBanksia formosaBanksia formosa, commonly known as Showy Dryandra, is a shrub endemic to Western Australia. It was known as Dryandra formosa until 2007, when all Dryandra species were transferred to Banksia by Austin Mast and Kevin Thiele....
) - D. mucronulata (now B. mucronulataBanksia mucronulataBanksia mucronulata, commonly known as Swordfish Dryandra, is a shrub endemic to Western Australia. It was known as Dryandra mucronulata until 2007, when all Dryandra species were transferred to Banksia by Austin Mast and Kevin Thiele.-External links:...
) - D. Baxteri (now B. biteraxBanksia biteraxBanksia biterax is a shrub endemic to Western Australia.It was known as Dryandra baxteri until 2007, when all Dryandra species were transferred to Banksia by Austin Mast and Kevin Thiele...
) - D. plumosa (now B. plumosaBanksia plumosaBanksia plumosa is a shrub endemic to Western Australia. It was known as Dryandra plumosa until 2007, when all Dryandra species were transferred to Banksia by Austin Mast and Kevin Thiele....
) - D. obtusa (now B. obtusaBanksia obtusaBanksia obtusa, commonly known as Shining Honeypot, is a shrub endemic to Western Australia. It was known as Dryandra obtusa until 2007, when all Dryandra species were transferred to Banksia by Austin Mast and Kevin Thiele....
) - D. arctotidis (now B. arctotidisBanksia arctotidisBanksia arctotidis is a shrub endemic to Western Australia. It was known as Dryandra arctotidis until 2007, when all Dryandra species were transferred to Banksia by Austin Mast and Kevin Thiele....
) - D. nivea (now B. niveaBanksia niveaBanksia nivea, commonly known as Honeypot Dryandra, is a shrub endemic to Western Australia. First described as Banksia nivea, it was transferred to Dryandra as Dryandra nivea by Robert Brown in 1810, and remained in that genus until 2007, when all Dryandra species were transferred to Banksia by...
) - D. Fraseri (now B. fraseriBanksia fraseriBanksia fraseri is a shrub endemic to Western Australia. It was known as Dryandra fraseri until 2007, when all Dryandra species were transferred to Banksia by Austin Mast and Kevin Thiele.-Description:...
) - D. longifolia (now B. prolataBanksia prolataBanksia prolata is a shrub endemic to Western Australia.It was known as Dryandra longifolia until 2007, when all Dryandra species were transferred to Banksia by Austin Mast and Kevin Thiele...
) - D. seneciifolia (now B. seneciifoliaBanksia seneciifoliaBanksia seneciifolia is a shrub endemic to Western Australia. It was known as Dryandra polycephala until 2007, when all Dryandra species were transferred to Banksia by Austin Mast and Kevin Thiele.-External links:...
) - D. tenuifolia (now B. tenuisBanksia tenuisBanksia tenuis is a shrub endemic to Western Australia. It was known as Dryandra tenuifolia until 2007, when all Dryandra species were transferred to Banksia by Austin Mast and Kevin Thiele...
)
- D. sect. Diplophragma (1 species)
- D. sect. Aphragma (4 species)
- Dryandra verae
- Hemiclidia (1 species)
Meissner's Eudryandra
Dryandra verae was renamed Eudryandra by Stephan Endlicher in 1847, and this name was used in the 1856 arrangement ofMeissner's taxonomic arrangement of Dryandra
Carl Meissner's taxonomic arrangement of Dryandra, now Banksia ser. Dryandra, was published in 1856 as part of his chapter on the Proteaceae in A. P. de Candolle's Prodromus systematis naturalis regni vegetabilis...
Carl Meissner
Carl Meissner
Carl Daniel Friedrich Meissner was a Swiss botanist.Born in Bern, Switzerland on 1 November 1800, he was christened Meisner but later changed the spelling of his name to Meissner. For most of his 40 year career he was Professor of Botany at University of Basel...
. Meissner retained all three of Brown's sections, and further divided D. sect. Eudryandra in 8 subgroups of unstated rank designated by the section sign
Section sign
The section sign , also called the "double S", "sectional symbol" or signum sectiōnis, is a typographical character used mainly to refer to a particular section of a document, such as a legal code. It is frequently used along with the pilcrow , or paragraph sign...
("§").The placement and circumscription of D. sect. Eudryandra in Meissner's arrangement
Meissner's taxonomic arrangement of Dryandra
Carl Meissner's taxonomic arrangement of Dryandra, now Banksia ser. Dryandra, was published in 1856 as part of his chapter on the Proteaceae in A. P. de Candolle's Prodromus systematis naturalis regni vegetabilis...
thus looks like this:
- Dryandra (now Banksia ser. Dryandra)
- D. sect. Eudryandra
- D. § Ilicinæ (4 species, 2 varieties)
- D. praemorsa (now B. undataBanksia undataBanksia undata, commonly known as Urchin Dryandra, is a shrub endemic to Western Australia.It was known as Dryandra praemorsa until 2007, when all Dryandra species were transferred to Banksia by Austin Mast and Kevin Thiele...
)- D. praemorsa var. elongata (now B. undata var. undataBanksia undata var. undataBanksia undata var. undata is a shrub endemic to Western Australia.It was known as Dryandra praemorsa var. praemorsa until 2007, when all Dryandra species were transferred to Banksia by Austin Mast and Kevin Thiele...
)
- D. praemorsa var. elongata (now B. undata var. undata
- D. quercifolia (now B. helianthaBanksia helianthaBanksia heliantha, commonly known as Oak-leaved Dryandra, is a shrub endemic to Western Australia.It was known as Dryandra quercifolia until 2007, when all Dryandra species were transferred to Banksia by Austin Mast and Kevin Thiele...
) - D. cuneata (now B. obovataBanksia obovataBanksia obovata, commonly known as Wedge-leaved Dryandra, is a shrub endemic to Western Australia.It was known as Dryandra cuneata until 2007, when all Dryandra species were transferred to Banksia by Austin Mast and Kevin Thiele...
) - D. floribunda (now B. sessilis var. sessilisBanksia sessilis var. sessilisBanksia sessilis var. sessilis is the most populous and most widespread variety of Banksia sessilis .-Description:The leaves of this variety are larger than those of B. sessilis var. cygnorum but smaller than those of B. sessilis var. cordata. It differs from B. sessilis var...
)- D. floribunda var. cordata (now B. sessilis var. cordataBanksia sessilis var. cordataBanksia sessilis var. cordata is a variety of Banksia sessilis , with unusually large leaves and flower heads. It is a rare variety that is restricted to the extreme south-west corner of Western Australia.-Description:...
)
- D. floribunda var. cordata (now B. sessilis var. cordata
- D. praemorsa (now B. undata
- D. § Runcinatæ (5 species)
- D. armata (now B. armataBanksia armataBanksia armata, commonly known as Prickly Dryandra, is a shrub endemic to Western Australia.-Description:B. armata grows as a spreading or upright shrub, up to three metres in height. It has deeply serrated leaves. Its inflorescences are usually bright yellow, but may be pink.-Distribution and...
) - D. carduacea (now B. squarrosa subsp. squarrosaBanksia squarrosa subsp. squarrosaBanksia squarrosa subsp. squarrosa is a subspecies of Banksia squarrosa. As an autonym, it is defined as encompassing the type material of the species. It was known as Dryandra squarrosa subsp. squarrosa until 2007, when Austin Mast and Kevin Thiele sunk all Dryandra into Banksia. As with other...
) - D. runcinata (now B. r. subsp. rufaBanksia rufa subsp. rufaBanksia rufa subsp. rufa is a subspecies of Banksia rufa. It was known as Dryandra ferruginea subsp. ferruginea until 2007, when Austin Mast and Kevin Thiele sunk all Dryandra into Banksia. Since the name Banksia ferruginea had already been used, Mast and Thiele had to choose a new specific epithet...
) - D. nobilis (now B. nobilisBanksia nobilisBanksia nobilis, commonly known as Golden Dryandra, Great Dryandra or Kerosene Bush, is a shrub endemic to Western Australia. It occurs on lateritic rises from Eneabba to Katanning in the state's Southwest Botanic Province. With large pinnatifid leaves with triangular lober, and a golden or reddish...
) - D. plumosa (now B. plumosaBanksia plumosaBanksia plumosa is a shrub endemic to Western Australia. It was known as Dryandra plumosa until 2007, when all Dryandra species were transferred to Banksia by Austin Mast and Kevin Thiele....
)
- D. armata (now B. armata
- D. § Serratæ (11 species, 3 varieties)
- D. stupposa (now B. stuposaBanksia stuposaBanksia stuposa is a shrub endemic to Western Australia. It was known as Dryandra stuposa until 2007, when all Dryandra species were transferred to Banksia by Austin Mast and Kevin Thiele.-Description:...
) - D. serra (now B. serraBanksia serraBanksia serra, commonly known as Serrate-leaved Dryandra, is a shrub endemic to Western Australia. It was known as Dryandra polycephala until 2007, when all Dryandra species were transferred to Banksia by Austin Mast and Kevin Thiele.An assessment of the potential impact of climate change on this...
) - D. mucronulata (now B. mucronulataBanksia mucronulataBanksia mucronulata, commonly known as Swordfish Dryandra, is a shrub endemic to Western Australia. It was known as Dryandra mucronulata until 2007, when all Dryandra species were transferred to Banksia by Austin Mast and Kevin Thiele.-External links:...
) - D. foliolata (now B. foliolataBanksia foliolataBanksia foliolata is a shrub endemic to Western Australia. It was known as Dryandra foliolata until 2007, when all Dryandra species were transferred to Banksia by Austin Mast and Kevin Thiele.-External links:...
) - D. mutica (now B. foliolata)
- D. obtusa (now B. obtusaBanksia obtusaBanksia obtusa, commonly known as Shining Honeypot, is a shrub endemic to Western Australia. It was known as Dryandra obtusa until 2007, when all Dryandra species were transferred to Banksia by Austin Mast and Kevin Thiele....
) - D. Baxteri (now B. biteraxBanksia biteraxBanksia biterax is a shrub endemic to Western Australia.It was known as Dryandra baxteri until 2007, when all Dryandra species were transferred to Banksia by Austin Mast and Kevin Thiele...
) - D. formosa (now B. formosaBanksia formosaBanksia formosa, commonly known as Showy Dryandra, is a shrub endemic to Western Australia. It was known as Dryandra formosa until 2007, when all Dryandra species were transferred to Banksia by Austin Mast and Kevin Thiele....
) - D. nivea (now B. niveaBanksia niveaBanksia nivea, commonly known as Honeypot Dryandra, is a shrub endemic to Western Australia. First described as Banksia nivea, it was transferred to Dryandra as Dryandra nivea by Robert Brown in 1810, and remained in that genus until 2007, when all Dryandra species were transferred to Banksia by...
)- D. nivea var. venosa (now B. nivea)
- D. nivea var. subevenia (now B. dallanneyi var. dallanneyiBanksia dallanneyi var. dallanneyiBanksia dallanneyi var. dallanneyi is a variety of Banksia dallanneyi subsp. dallanneyi. It was known as Dryandra lindleyana var. lindleyana until 2007, when Austin Mast and Kevin Thiele sunk all Dryandra into Banksia. Since the name Banksia lindleyana had already been used, Mast and Thiele had to...
)
- D. brownii (now B. brunneaBanksia brunneaBanksia brunnea is a shrub endemic to Western Australia.It was known as Dryandra brownii until 2007, when all Dryandra species were transferred to Banksia by Austin Mast and Kevin Thiele...
) - D. lindleyana (now B. dallanneyiBanksia dallanneyiBanksia dallanneyi, commonly known as Couch Honeypot, is a prostrate shrub endemic to Western Australia. It grows to a height and width of up to 0.5 m, although it is very common for many plants to be growing side by side; thus the clump may be several metres across.It was known as Dryandra...
)
- D. stupposa (now B. stuposa
- D. § Marginatæ (7 species)
- D. stenoprion (now B. stenoprionBanksia stenoprionBanksia stenoprion is a shrub endemic to Western Australia....
) - D. elegans (now B. tenuis var. tenuisBanksia tenuis var. tenuisBanksia tenuis var. tenuis is a variety of Banksia tenuis. It was known as Dryandra tenuifolia var. tenuifolia until 2007, when Austin Mast and Kevin Thiele sunk all Dryandra into Banksia. Since the name Banksia tenuifolia had already been used, Mast and Thiele had to choose a new specific epithet...
) - D. pulchella (now B. bellaBanksia bellaBanksia bella, commonly known as the Silver Wongan Dryandra or Wongan Dryandra, is a shrub endemic to Western Australia. Unusual amongst dryandras, its foliage is glaucous-grey in colour....
) - D. Kippistiana (now B. kippistianaBanksia kippistianaBanksia kippistiana is a shrub endemic to Western Australia. It was known as Dryandra kippistiana until 2007, when all Dryandra species were transferred to Banksia by Austin Mast and Kevin Thiele....
) - D. Shuttleworthiana (now B. shuttleworthianaBanksia shuttleworthianaBanksia shuttleworthiana, commonly known as Bearded Dryandra, is a shrub endemic to Western Australia, and is found between the towns of Geraldton and Gingin. It was known as Dryandra shuttleworthiana until 2007, when all Dryandra species were transferred to Banksia by Austin Mast and Kevin...
) - D. sclerophylla (now B. sclerophyllaBanksia sclerophyllaBanksia sclerophylla is a shrub endemic to Western Australia. It was known as Dryandra sclerophylla until 2007, when all Dryandra species were transferred to Banksia by Austin Mast and Kevin Thiele.-External links:...
) - D. squarrosa (now B. squarrosaBanksia squarrosaBanksia squarrosa, commonly known as Pingle, is a shrub endemic to Western Australia.-Taxonomy:Specimens of B. squarrosa were first collected from near King George Sound in 1829 by William Baxter, and published by Robert Brown as Dryandra squarrosa the following year...
)
- D. stenoprion (now B. stenoprion
- D. § Pectinatæ (6 species)
- D. serratuloides (now B. serratuloidesBanksia serratuloidesBanksia serratuloides is a shrub endemic to Western Australia. It was known as Dryandra serratuloides until 2007, when all Dryandra species were transferred to Banksia by Austin Mast and Kevin Thiele.-External links:...
) - D. nana (now B. nanaBanksia nanaBanksia nana, commonly known as Dwarf Dryandra, is a shrub endemic to Western Australia. It was known as Dryandra nana until 2007, when all Dryandra species were transferred to Banksia by Austin Mast and Kevin Thiele....
) - D. arctotidis (now B. arctotidisBanksia arctotidisBanksia arctotidis is a shrub endemic to Western Australia. It was known as Dryandra arctotidis until 2007, when all Dryandra species were transferred to Banksia by Austin Mast and Kevin Thiele....
)- D. tortifolia (now B. tortifoliaBanksia tortifoliaBanksia tortifolia is a shrub endemic to Western Australia. It was first published as Dryandra tortifolia in 1855. In 1870, George Bentham demoted it to a variety of Dryandra arctotidis , but this was overturned by Alex George in 1999...
)
- D. tortifolia (now B. tortifolia
- D. Fraseri (now B. fraseriBanksia fraseriBanksia fraseri is a shrub endemic to Western Australia. It was known as Dryandra fraseri until 2007, when all Dryandra species were transferred to Banksia by Austin Mast and Kevin Thiele.-Description:...
) - D. cirsioides (now B. cirsioidesBanksia cirsioidesBanksia cirsioides is a shrub endemic to Western Australia. It was known as Dryandra cirsioides until 2007, when all Dryandra species were transferred to Banksia by Austin Mast and Kevin Thiele.-Description:...
)
- D. serratuloides (now B. serratuloides
- D. § Decurrentes (11 species)
- D. seneciifolia (now B. seneciifoliaBanksia seneciifoliaBanksia seneciifolia is a shrub endemic to Western Australia. It was known as Dryandra polycephala until 2007, when all Dryandra species were transferred to Banksia by Austin Mast and Kevin Thiele.-External links:...
) - D. horrida (now B. horridaBanksia horridaBanksia horrida, commonly known as Prickly Dryandra, is a shrub endemic to Western Australia. It was known as Dryandra horrida until 2007, when all Dryandra species were transferred to Banksia by Austin Mast and Kevin Thiele....
) - D. concinna (now B. concinnaBanksia concinnaBanksia concinna is a shrub endemic to Western Australia. It was known as Dryandra concinna until 2007, when all Dryandra species were transferred to Banksia by Austin Mast and Kevin Thiele.-External links:...
) - D. vestita (now B. vestitaBanksia vestitaBanksia vestita, commonly known as Summer Dryandra, is a shrub endemic to Western Australia. It was known as Dryandra vestita until 2007.-Description:...
) - D. Hewardiana (now B. hewardianaBanksia hewardianaBanksia hewardiana is a shrub endemic to Western Australia. It was first published as Dryandra hewardiana by Carl Meissner in 1856. In 1870, George Bentham published what he held to be a closely related species under the name Dryandra patens, but in 1999 Alex George declared this a synonym of...
) - D. longifolia (now B. prolataBanksia prolataBanksia prolata is a shrub endemic to Western Australia.It was known as Dryandra longifolia until 2007, when all Dryandra species were transferred to Banksia by Austin Mast and Kevin Thiele...
) - D. comosa (now B. comosaBanksia comosaBanksia comosa, commonly known as Wongan Dryandra, is a shrub endemic to Western Australia. It was known as Dryandra comosa until 2007, when all Dryandra species were transferred to Banksia by Austin Mast and Kevin Thiele....
) - D. proteoides (now B. proteoidesBanksia proteoidesBanksia proteoides, commonly known as King Dryandra, is a shrub endemic to Western Australia. It was known as Dryandra proteoides until 2007, when all Dryandra species were transferred to Banksia by Austin Mast and Kevin Thiele....
) - D. tenuifolia (now B. tenuisBanksia tenuisBanksia tenuis is a shrub endemic to Western Australia. It was known as Dryandra tenuifolia until 2007, when all Dryandra species were transferred to Banksia by Austin Mast and Kevin Thiele...
) - D. ferruginea (now B. rufaBanksia rufaBanksia rufa is a shrub endemic to Western Australia. It was first published by Carl Meisner in 1855, where it was given the name Dryandra ferruginea by Richard Kippist. The following year, Meisner published what was purportedly a distinct species, Dryandra runcinata...
) - D. cryptocephala (now B. seneciifoliaBanksia seneciifoliaBanksia seneciifolia is a shrub endemic to Western Australia. It was known as Dryandra polycephala until 2007, when all Dryandra species were transferred to Banksia by Austin Mast and Kevin Thiele.-External links:...
)
- D. seneciifolia (now B. seneciifolia
- D. § Acrodontæ (2 species)
- D. carlinoides (now B. carlinoidesBanksia carlinoidesBanksia carlinoides, commonly known as Pink Dryandra, is a shrub endemic to Western Australia. It was known as Dryandra carlinoides until 2007, when all Dryandra species were transferred to Banksia by Austin Mast and Kevin Thiele....
) - D. tridentata (now B. tridentataBanksia tridentataBanksia tridentata, commonly known as Yellow Honeypot, is a shrub endemic to Western Australia. It was published as Dryandra tridentata in 1856, and remained in that genus for 150 years, although in 1893 Benjamin Daydon Jackson accidentally listed it in Index Kewensis under Banksia, thus...
)
- D. carlinoides (now B. carlinoides
- D. § Haplophyllæ (1 species)
- D. speciosa (now B. splendidaBanksia splendidaBanksia splendida, commonly known as Shaggy Dryandra, is a shrub endemic to Western Australia. It was known as Dryandra speciosa until 2007-Taxonomy:...
)
- D. speciosa (now B. splendida
- D. § Ilicinæ (4 species, 2 varieties)
- D. sect. Diplophragma (2 species)
- D. sect. Aphragma (4 species, 4 varieties)
- D. sect. Eudryandra
- Hemiclidia (1 species)
Bentham's Eudryandra
When George BenthamGeorge Bentham
George Bentham CMG FRS was an English botanist, characterized by Duane Isely as "the premier systematic botanist of the nineteenth century".- Formative years :...
published his arrangement
Bentham's taxonomic arrangement of Dryandra
George Bentham's taxonomic arrangement of Dryandra was published in 1870, in Volume 5 of Bentham's Flora Australiensis...
of Dryandra in his 1870 Flora Australiensis
Flora Australiensis
Flora Australiensis: a description of the plants of the Australian Territory, more commonly referred to as Flora Australiensis, and also known by its standard abbreviation Fl. Austral., is a seven-volume flora of Australia published between 1863 and 1878 by George Bentham, with the assistance of...
, he retained D. sect. Eubanksia, but discarded all eight of Meissner's groups within that section, replacing them with seven series defined using floral characters:
- Dryandra (now Banksia ser. Dryandra)
- D. sect. Eudryandra
- D. ser. ArmataeDryandra ser. ArmataeDryandra ser. Armatae is an obsolete series within the former genus Dryandra . It was first published by George Bentham in 1870, and was given a new circumscription by Alex George in 1996, but was ultimately discarded in 2007 when Austin Mast and Kevin Thiele sunk Dryandra into Banksia.-According...
(7 species)- D. quercifolia (now B. helianthaBanksia helianthaBanksia heliantha, commonly known as Oak-leaved Dryandra, is a shrub endemic to Western Australia.It was known as Dryandra quercifolia until 2007, when all Dryandra species were transferred to Banksia by Austin Mast and Kevin Thiele...
) - D. praemorsa (now B. undataBanksia undataBanksia undata, commonly known as Urchin Dryandra, is a shrub endemic to Western Australia.It was known as Dryandra praemorsa until 2007, when all Dryandra species were transferred to Banksia by Austin Mast and Kevin Thiele...
) - D. cuneata (now B. obovataBanksia obovataBanksia obovata, commonly known as Wedge-leaved Dryandra, is a shrub endemic to Western Australia.It was known as Dryandra cuneata until 2007, when all Dryandra species were transferred to Banksia by Austin Mast and Kevin Thiele...
) - D. falcata (now B. falcataBanksia falcataBanksia falcata, commonly known as Prickly Dryandra, is a shrub endemic to Western Australia. It was known as Dryandra falcata until 2007, when all Dryandra species were transferred to Banksia by Austin Mast and Kevin Thiele....
) - D. armata (now B. armataBanksia armataBanksia armata, commonly known as Prickly Dryandra, is a shrub endemic to Western Australia.-Description:B. armata grows as a spreading or upright shrub, up to three metres in height. It has deeply serrated leaves. Its inflorescences are usually bright yellow, but may be pink.-Distribution and...
) - D. longifolia (now B. prolataBanksia prolataBanksia prolata is a shrub endemic to Western Australia.It was known as Dryandra longifolia until 2007, when all Dryandra species were transferred to Banksia by Austin Mast and Kevin Thiele...
) - D. Fraseri (now B. fraseriBanksia fraseriBanksia fraseri is a shrub endemic to Western Australia. It was known as Dryandra fraseri until 2007, when all Dryandra species were transferred to Banksia by Austin Mast and Kevin Thiele.-Description:...
)
- D. quercifolia (now B. heliantha
- D. ser. FloribundaeDryandra ser. FloribundaeDryandra ser. Floribundae is an obsolete series within the former genus Dryandra . It was first published by George Bentham in 1870, and was given a new circumscription by Alex George in 1996, but was ultimately discarded in 2007 when Austin Mast and Kevin Thiele sunk Dryandra into...
(5 species, 2 varieties)- D. floribunda (now B. sessilis var. sessilisBanksia sessilis var. sessilisBanksia sessilis var. sessilis is the most populous and most widespread variety of Banksia sessilis .-Description:The leaves of this variety are larger than those of B. sessilis var. cygnorum but smaller than those of B. sessilis var. cordata. It differs from B. sessilis var...
)- D. floribunda var. major (now B. sessilis var. cordataBanksia sessilis var. cordataBanksia sessilis var. cordata is a variety of Banksia sessilis , with unusually large leaves and flower heads. It is a rare variety that is restricted to the extreme south-west corner of Western Australia.-Description:...
)
- D. floribunda var. major (now B. sessilis var. cordata
- D. carduacea (now B. squarrosa subsp. squarrosaBanksia squarrosa subsp. squarrosaBanksia squarrosa subsp. squarrosa is a subspecies of Banksia squarrosa. As an autonym, it is defined as encompassing the type material of the species. It was known as Dryandra squarrosa subsp. squarrosa until 2007, when Austin Mast and Kevin Thiele sunk all Dryandra into Banksia. As with other...
) - D. carlinoides (now B. carlinoidesBanksia carlinoidesBanksia carlinoides, commonly known as Pink Dryandra, is a shrub endemic to Western Australia. It was known as Dryandra carlinoides until 2007, when all Dryandra species were transferred to Banksia by Austin Mast and Kevin Thiele....
) - D. polycephala (now B. polycephalaBanksia polycephalaBanksia polycephala, commonly known as Many-headed Dryandra, is a shrub endemic to Western Australia. It was known as Dryandra polycephala until 2007, when all Dryandra species were transferred to Banksia by Austin Mast and Kevin Thiele.-External links:...
) - D. Kippistiana (now B. kippistianaBanksia kippistianaBanksia kippistiana is a shrub endemic to Western Australia. It was known as Dryandra kippistiana until 2007, when all Dryandra species were transferred to Banksia by Austin Mast and Kevin Thiele....
)
- D. floribunda (now B. sessilis var. sessilis
- D. ser. Concinnae (4 species)
- D. squarrosa (now B. squarrosaBanksia squarrosaBanksia squarrosa, commonly known as Pingle, is a shrub endemic to Western Australia.-Taxonomy:Specimens of B. squarrosa were first collected from near King George Sound in 1829 by William Baxter, and published by Robert Brown as Dryandra squarrosa the following year...
) - D. serra (now B. serraBanksia serraBanksia serra, commonly known as Serrate-leaved Dryandra, is a shrub endemic to Western Australia. It was known as Dryandra polycephala until 2007, when all Dryandra species were transferred to Banksia by Austin Mast and Kevin Thiele.An assessment of the potential impact of climate change on this...
) - D. concinna (now B. concinnaBanksia concinnaBanksia concinna is a shrub endemic to Western Australia. It was known as Dryandra concinna until 2007, when all Dryandra species were transferred to Banksia by Austin Mast and Kevin Thiele.-External links:...
) - D. foliolata (now B. foliolataBanksia foliolataBanksia foliolata is a shrub endemic to Western Australia. It was known as Dryandra foliolata until 2007, when all Dryandra species were transferred to Banksia by Austin Mast and Kevin Thiele.-External links:...
)
- D. squarrosa (now B. squarrosa
- D. ser. Formosae (5 species)
- D. stupposa (now B. stuposaBanksia stuposaBanksia stuposa is a shrub endemic to Western Australia. It was known as Dryandra stuposa until 2007, when all Dryandra species were transferred to Banksia by Austin Mast and Kevin Thiele.-Description:...
) - D. nobilis (now B. nobilisBanksia nobilisBanksia nobilis, commonly known as Golden Dryandra, Great Dryandra or Kerosene Bush, is a shrub endemic to Western Australia. It occurs on lateritic rises from Eneabba to Katanning in the state's Southwest Botanic Province. With large pinnatifid leaves with triangular lober, and a golden or reddish...
) - D. mucronulata (now B. mucronulataBanksia mucronulataBanksia mucronulata, commonly known as Swordfish Dryandra, is a shrub endemic to Western Australia. It was known as Dryandra mucronulata until 2007, when all Dryandra species were transferred to Banksia by Austin Mast and Kevin Thiele.-External links:...
) - D. formosa (now B. formosaBanksia formosaBanksia formosa, commonly known as Showy Dryandra, is a shrub endemic to Western Australia. It was known as Dryandra formosa until 2007, when all Dryandra species were transferred to Banksia by Austin Mast and Kevin Thiele....
) - D. Baxteri (now B. biteraxBanksia biteraxBanksia biterax is a shrub endemic to Western Australia.It was known as Dryandra baxteri until 2007, when all Dryandra species were transferred to Banksia by Austin Mast and Kevin Thiele...
)
- D. stupposa (now B. stuposa
- D. ser. NiveæDryandra ser. NiveaeDryandra ser. Niveae is an obsolete series within the former genus Dryandra . It was first published by George Bentham in 1870, and was given a new circumscription by Alex George in 1996, but was ultimately discarded in 2007 when Austin Mast and Kevin Thiele sunk Dryandra into Banksia.-According to...
(4 species, 2 varieties)- D. nivea (now B. niveaBanksia niveaBanksia nivea, commonly known as Honeypot Dryandra, is a shrub endemic to Western Australia. First described as Banksia nivea, it was transferred to Dryandra as Dryandra nivea by Robert Brown in 1810, and remained in that genus until 2007, when all Dryandra species were transferred to Banksia by...
) - D. arctotidis (now B. arctotidisBanksia arctotidisBanksia arctotidis is a shrub endemic to Western Australia. It was known as Dryandra arctotidis until 2007, when all Dryandra species were transferred to Banksia by Austin Mast and Kevin Thiele....
)- D. arctotidis var. tortifolia (now B. tortifoliaBanksia tortifoliaBanksia tortifolia is a shrub endemic to Western Australia. It was first published as Dryandra tortifolia in 1855. In 1870, George Bentham demoted it to a variety of Dryandra arctotidis , but this was overturned by Alex George in 1999...
)
- D. arctotidis var. tortifolia (now B. tortifolia
- D. nana (now B. nanaBanksia nanaBanksia nana, commonly known as Dwarf Dryandra, is a shrub endemic to Western Australia. It was known as Dryandra nana until 2007, when all Dryandra species were transferred to Banksia by Austin Mast and Kevin Thiele....
) - D. Preissii (now B. acuminataBanksia acuminataBanksia acuminata is a rare prostrate shrub endemic to south-west Western Australia. It was published in 1848 as Dryandra preissii, but transferred into Banksia as B. acuminata in 2007.-Description:...
)
- D. nivea (now B. nivea
- D. ser. Obvallatae (12 species)
- D. sclerophylla (now B. sclerophyllaBanksia sclerophyllaBanksia sclerophylla is a shrub endemic to Western Australia. It was known as Dryandra sclerophylla until 2007, when all Dryandra species were transferred to Banksia by Austin Mast and Kevin Thiele.-External links:...
) - D. pulchella (now B. bellaBanksia bellaBanksia bella, commonly known as the Silver Wongan Dryandra or Wongan Dryandra, is a shrub endemic to Western Australia. Unusual amongst dryandras, its foliage is glaucous-grey in colour....
) - D. plumosa (now B. plumosaBanksia plumosaBanksia plumosa is a shrub endemic to Western Australia. It was known as Dryandra plumosa until 2007, when all Dryandra species were transferred to Banksia by Austin Mast and Kevin Thiele....
) - D. seneciifolia (now B. seneciifoliaBanksia seneciifoliaBanksia seneciifolia is a shrub endemic to Western Australia. It was known as Dryandra polycephala until 2007, when all Dryandra species were transferred to Banksia by Austin Mast and Kevin Thiele.-External links:...
) - D. vestita (now B. vestitaBanksia vestitaBanksia vestita, commonly known as Summer Dryandra, is a shrub endemic to Western Australia. It was known as Dryandra vestita until 2007.-Description:...
) - D. cirsioides (now B. cirsioidesBanksia cirsioidesBanksia cirsioides is a shrub endemic to Western Australia. It was known as Dryandra cirsioides until 2007, when all Dryandra species were transferred to Banksia by Austin Mast and Kevin Thiele.-Description:...
) - D. Hewardiana (now B. hewardianaBanksia hewardianaBanksia hewardiana is a shrub endemic to Western Australia. It was first published as Dryandra hewardiana by Carl Meissner in 1856. In 1870, George Bentham published what he held to be a closely related species under the name Dryandra patens, but in 1999 Alex George declared this a synonym of...
) - D. patens (now B. hewardiana)
- D. conferta (now B. densaBanksia densaBanksia densa is a shrub endemic to Western Australia. It was known as Dryandra conferta until 2007, when all Dryandra species were transferred to Banksia by Austin Mast and Kevin Thiele...
) - D. horrida (now B. horridaBanksia horridaBanksia horrida, commonly known as Prickly Dryandra, is a shrub endemic to Western Australia. It was known as Dryandra horrida until 2007, when all Dryandra species were transferred to Banksia by Austin Mast and Kevin Thiele....
) - D. serratuloides (now B. serratuloidesBanksia serratuloidesBanksia serratuloides is a shrub endemic to Western Australia. It was known as Dryandra serratuloides until 2007, when all Dryandra species were transferred to Banksia by Austin Mast and Kevin Thiele.-External links:...
) - D. comosa (now B. comosaBanksia comosaBanksia comosa, commonly known as Wongan Dryandra, is a shrub endemic to Western Australia. It was known as Dryandra comosa until 2007, when all Dryandra species were transferred to Banksia by Austin Mast and Kevin Thiele....
)
- D. sclerophylla (now B. sclerophylla
- D. ser. Gymnocephalae (3 species)
- D. Shuttleworthiana (now B. shuttleworthianaBanksia shuttleworthianaBanksia shuttleworthiana, commonly known as Bearded Dryandra, is a shrub endemic to Western Australia, and is found between the towns of Geraldton and Gingin. It was known as Dryandra shuttleworthiana until 2007, when all Dryandra species were transferred to Banksia by Austin Mast and Kevin...
) - D. speciosa (now B. splendidaBanksia splendidaBanksia splendida, commonly known as Shaggy Dryandra, is a shrub endemic to Western Australia. It was known as Dryandra speciosa until 2007-Taxonomy:...
) - D. tridentata (now B. tridentataBanksia tridentataBanksia tridentata, commonly known as Yellow Honeypot, is a shrub endemic to Western Australia. It was published as Dryandra tridentata in 1856, and remained in that genus for 150 years, although in 1893 Benjamin Daydon Jackson accidentally listed it in Index Kewensis under Banksia, thus...
)
- D. Shuttleworthiana (now B. shuttleworthiana
- D. ser. Armatae
- D. sect. Aphragma (7 species, 2 varieties)
- D. sect. Eudryandra
According to George
By the time Alex GeorgeAlex George
Alexander Segger George is a Western Australian botanist. He is the authority on the plant genera Banksia and Dryandra...
published his revision
George's taxonomic arrangement of Dryandra
Alex George's taxonomic arrangement of Dryandra was the first modern-day arrangement of that taxon. First published in Nuytsia in 1996, it superseded the arrangement of George Bentham, which had stood for over a hundred years; it would later form the basis for George's 1999 treatment of Dryandra...
of Dryandra in 1996, the rules of botanical nomenclature
Botanical nomenclature
Botanical nomenclature is the formal, scientific naming of plants. It is related to, but distinct from taxonomy. Plant taxonomy is concerned with grouping and classifying plants; botanical nomenclature then provides names for the results of this process. The starting point for modern botanical...
mandated that any infrageneric taxon that contained the type species of the genus be given an autonym
Autonym (botany)
In botanical nomenclature, autonyms are automatically created names, as regulated by the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature . Autonyms are cited without an author. Relevant provisions are in articles 6.8, 22.1-3 and 26.1-3....
. Thus D. sect. Eudryandra was treated as illegitimate, and when George published essentially the same taxon at subgenus rank, it was instead named D. subg. Dryandra. This was by far the largest of George's three subgenera, containing all but three Dryandra species. George further divided it into 24 series, reviving most of Meissner's and Bentham's names in the process. The placement and circumscription of D. subg. Dryandra in George's arrangement, as amended in 1999 and 2005, may be summarised as follows:
- Dryandra (now Banksia ser. Dryandra)
- D. subg. Dryandra
- D. ser. FloribundaeDryandra ser. FloribundaeDryandra ser. Floribundae is an obsolete series within the former genus Dryandra . It was first published by George Bentham in 1870, and was given a new circumscription by Alex George in 1996, but was ultimately discarded in 2007 when Austin Mast and Kevin Thiele sunk Dryandra into...
- D. sessilis (now B. sessilis)
- D. sessilis var. sessilis (now B. sessilis var. sessilisBanksia sessilis var. sessilisBanksia sessilis var. sessilis is the most populous and most widespread variety of Banksia sessilis .-Description:The leaves of this variety are larger than those of B. sessilis var. cygnorum but smaller than those of B. sessilis var. cordata. It differs from B. sessilis var...
) - D. sessilis var. flabellifolia (now B. sessilis var. flabellifoliaBanksia sessilis var. flabellifoliaBanksia sessilis var. flabellifolia is a variety of Banksia sessilis .-Description:It grows as a shrub up to five metres high. Unlike other varieties of B. sessilis, it has hairless stems. The leaves are fan shaped, with a long, toothless lower margin, and a toothed end...
) - D. sessilis var. cordata (now B. sessilis var. cordataBanksia sessilis var. cordataBanksia sessilis var. cordata is a variety of Banksia sessilis , with unusually large leaves and flower heads. It is a rare variety that is restricted to the extreme south-west corner of Western Australia.-Description:...
) - D. sessilis var. cygnorum (now B. sessilis var. cygnorumBanksia sessilis var. cygnorumBanksia sessilis var. cygnorum is a variety of Banksia sessilis .-Description:It grows as a shrub up to five metres high, with a down of fine hairs on the stems. This variety is has the smallest leaves of any B. sessilis variety, being no more than three centimetres long, and less than two...
)
- D. sessilis var. sessilis (now B. sessilis var. sessilis
- D. sessilis (now B. sessilis)
- D. ser. ArmataeDryandra ser. ArmataeDryandra ser. Armatae is an obsolete series within the former genus Dryandra . It was first published by George Bentham in 1870, and was given a new circumscription by Alex George in 1996, but was ultimately discarded in 2007 when Austin Mast and Kevin Thiele sunk Dryandra into Banksia.-According...
- D. cuneata (now B. obovataBanksia obovataBanksia obovata, commonly known as Wedge-leaved Dryandra, is a shrub endemic to Western Australia.It was known as Dryandra cuneata until 2007, when all Dryandra species were transferred to Banksia by Austin Mast and Kevin Thiele...
) - D. fuscobractea (now B. fuscobracteaBanksia fuscobracteaBanksia fuscobractea is a shrub endemic to Western Australia....
) - D. armata (now B. armataBanksia armataBanksia armata, commonly known as Prickly Dryandra, is a shrub endemic to Western Australia.-Description:B. armata grows as a spreading or upright shrub, up to three metres in height. It has deeply serrated leaves. Its inflorescences are usually bright yellow, but may be pink.-Distribution and...
)- D. armata var. armata (now B. armata var. armataBanksia armata var. armataBanksia armata var. armata is a variety of shrub endemic to Western Australia.-Description:B. armata var. armata grows as a spreading shrub, up to three metres in height, with deeply serrated leaves and a bright yellow inflorescence.-Distribution and habitat:It occurs throughout much...
) - D. armata var. ignicida (now B. armata var. ignicidaBanksia armata var. ignicidaBanksia armata var. ignicida is a variety of shrub endemic to Western Australia.-Description:B. armata var. ignicida grows as an upright shrub, up to three metres in height, with deeply serrated leaves and yellow or sometimes pink inflorescences...
)
- D. armata var. armata (now B. armata var. armata
- D. prionotes (now B. prionophyllaBanksia prionophyllaBanksia prionophylla is a shrub endemic to Western Australia. Known only from a single population of around 70 plants in a remote part of Western Australia, it is considered rare but not endangered...
- D. arborea (now B. arboreaBanksia arboreaBanksia arborea, commonly known as Yilgarn Dryandra, is a plant endemic to Western Australia, notable as it is the only dryandra to grow to tree-like proportions...
) - D. hirsuta (now B. hirtaBanksia hirtaBanksia hirta is a shrub endemic to Western Australia.It was known as Dryandra hirsuta until 2007, when all Dryandra species were transferred to Banksia by Austin Mast and Kevin Thiele...
) - D. pallida (now B. pallidaBanksia pallidaBanksia pallida is a shrub endemic to Western Australia....
) - D. purdieana (now B. purdieanaBanksia purdieanaBanksia purdieana is a shrub endemic to Western Australia....
) - D. xylothemelia (now B. xylothemeliaBanksia xylothemeliaBanksia xylothemelia is a sprawling woody shrub of the Proteaceae family endemic to southern Western Australia, one of the many species commonly known as dryandras and until recently called Dryandra xylothemelia...
) - D. cirsioides (now B. cirsioidesBanksia cirsioidesBanksia cirsioides is a shrub endemic to Western Australia. It was known as Dryandra cirsioides until 2007, when all Dryandra species were transferred to Banksia by Austin Mast and Kevin Thiele.-Description:...
) - D. acanthopoda (now B. acanthopodaBanksia acanthopodaBanksia acanthopoda is a species of shrub in the Proteaceae family. It grows as a small spreading shrub to 2 m high and has prickly leaves and yellow composite flower heads, called inflorescences, composed of 50 to 60 individual yellow flowers...
) - D. squarrosa (now B. squarrosaBanksia squarrosaBanksia squarrosa, commonly known as Pingle, is a shrub endemic to Western Australia.-Taxonomy:Specimens of B. squarrosa were first collected from near King George Sound in 1829 by William Baxter, and published by Robert Brown as Dryandra squarrosa the following year...
)- D. squarrosa subsp. squarrosa (now B. squarrosa subsp. squarrosaBanksia squarrosa subsp. squarrosaBanksia squarrosa subsp. squarrosa is a subspecies of Banksia squarrosa. As an autonym, it is defined as encompassing the type material of the species. It was known as Dryandra squarrosa subsp. squarrosa until 2007, when Austin Mast and Kevin Thiele sunk all Dryandra into Banksia. As with other...
) - D. squarrosa subsp. argillacea (now B. squarrosa subsp. argillacea)
- D. squarrosa subsp. squarrosa (now B. squarrosa subsp. squarrosa
- D. hewardiana (now B. hewardianaBanksia hewardianaBanksia hewardiana is a shrub endemic to Western Australia. It was first published as Dryandra hewardiana by Carl Meissner in 1856. In 1870, George Bentham published what he held to be a closely related species under the name Dryandra patens, but in 1999 Alex George declared this a synonym of...
) - D. wonganensis (now B. wonganensisBanksia wonganensisBanksia wonganensis is a large shrub endemic to Western Australia that, until 2007, was previously known as Dryandra wonganensis. It occurs within a small area in the vicinity of Wongan Hills. It grows on lateritic soils in open woodland or amongst dense shrub...
) - D. trifontinalis (now B. trifontinalisBanksia trifontinalisBanksia trifontinalis, commonly known as Three Springs Dryandra, is a shrub endemic to Western Australia.-Description:It grows as an openly branched shrub, and can reach up to two metres high. It has long, narrow, serrated leaves, and a yellow inflorescence.-Taxonomy:The type specimen was collected...
) - D. stricta (now B. strictifoliaBanksia strictifoliaBanksia strictifolia is a shrub endemic to Western Australia.It was known as Dryandra stricta until 2007, when all Dryandra species were transferred to Banksia by Austin Mast and Kevin Thiele. As the name Banksia stricta had already been published in reference to the plant now known as Pimelea...
) - D. echinata (now B. echinataBanksia echinataBanksia echinata is a shrub endemic to Western Australia....
) - D. polycephala (now B. polycephalaBanksia polycephalaBanksia polycephala, commonly known as Many-headed Dryandra, is a shrub endemic to Western Australia. It was known as Dryandra polycephala until 2007, when all Dryandra species were transferred to Banksia by Austin Mast and Kevin Thiele.-External links:...
) - D. subpinnatifida (now B. subpinnatifidaBanksia subpinnatifidaBanksia subpinnatifida is a shrub endemic to Western Australia....
)- D. subpinnatifida var. subpinnatifida (now B. subpinnatifida var. subpinnatifidaBanksia subpinnatifida var. subpinnatifidaBanksia subpinnatifida var. subpinnatifida is a variety of Banksia subpinnatifida. As an autonym, it is defined as encompassing the type material of the species. It was known as Dryandra subpinnatifida var. subpinnatifida until 2007, when Austin Mast and Kevin Thiele sunk all Dryandra into Banksia....
) - D. subpinnatifida var. imberbis (now B. subpinnatifida var. imberbis)
- D. subpinnatifida var. subpinnatifida (now B. subpinnatifida var. subpinnatifida
- D. longifolia (now B. prolataBanksia prolataBanksia prolata is a shrub endemic to Western Australia.It was known as Dryandra longifolia until 2007, when all Dryandra species were transferred to Banksia by Austin Mast and Kevin Thiele...
)- D. longifolia subsp. longifolia (now B. prolata subsp. prolataBanksia prolata subsp. prolataBanksia prolata subsp. prolata is a subspecies of Banksia prolata. It was known as Dryandra longifolia subsp. longifolia until 2007, when Austin Mast and Kevin Thiele sunk all Dryandra into Banksia. Since the name Banksia longifolia had already been used, Mast and Thiele had to choose a new...
) - D. longifolia subsp. calcicola (now B. prolata subsp. calcicolaBanksia prolata subsp. calcicolaBanksia prolata subsp. calcicola is a subspecies of Banksia prolata. It was known as Dryandra longifolia subsp. calcicola until 2007, when Austin Mast and Kevin Thiele sunk all Dryandra into Banksia. Since the name Banksia longifolia had already been used, Mast and Thiele had to choose a new...
) - D. longifolia subsp. archeos (now B. prolata subsp. archeosBanksia prolata subsp. archeosBanksia prolata subsp. archeos is a subspecies of Banksia prolata. It was known as Dryandra longifolia subsp. archeos until 2007, when Austin Mast and Kevin Thiele sunk all Dryandra into Banksia. Since the name Banksia longifolia had already been used, Mast and Thiele had to choose a new specific...
)
- D. longifolia subsp. longifolia (now B. prolata subsp. prolata
- D. borealis (now B. borealisBanksia borealisBanksia borealis is a shrub endemic to Western Australia....
)- D. borealis subsp. borealis (now B. borealis subsp. borealisBanksia borealis subsp. borealisBanksia borealis subsp. borealis is a subspecies of Banksia borealis. As an autonym, it is defined as encompassing the type material of the species. It was known as Dryandra borealis subsp. borealis until 2007, when Austin Mast and Kevin Thiele sunk all Dryandra into Banksia. As with other members...
) - D. borealis subsp. elatior (now B. borealis subsp. elatior)
- D. borealis subsp. borealis (now B. borealis subsp. borealis
- D. cuneata (now B. obovata
- D. ser. Marginatae
- D. pulchella (now B. bellaBanksia bellaBanksia bella, commonly known as the Silver Wongan Dryandra or Wongan Dryandra, is a shrub endemic to Western Australia. Unusual amongst dryandras, its foliage is glaucous-grey in colour....
)
- D. pulchella (now B. bella
- D. ser. Folliculosae
- D. fraseri (now B. fraseriBanksia fraseriBanksia fraseri is a shrub endemic to Western Australia. It was known as Dryandra fraseri until 2007, when all Dryandra species were transferred to Banksia by Austin Mast and Kevin Thiele.-Description:...
)- D. fraseri var. fraseri (now B. fraseri var. fraseriBanksia fraseri var. fraseriBanksia fraseri var. fraseri is a variety of Banksia fraseri. As an autonym, it is defined as encompassing the type material of the species. It was known as Dryandra fraseri var. fraseri until 2007, when Austin Mast and Kevin Thiele sunk all Dryandra into Banksia. As with other members of Banksia ser...
) - D. fraseri var. crebra (now B. fraseri var. crebra)
- D. fraseri var. effusa (now B. fraseri var. effusa)
- D. fraseri var. ashbyi (now B. fraseri var. ashbyi)
- D. fraseri var. oxycedra (now B. fraseri var. oxycedra)
- D. fraseri var. fraseri (now B. fraseri var. fraseri
- D. fraseri (now B. fraseri
- D. ser. Acrodontae
- D. sclerophylla (now B. sclerophyllaBanksia sclerophyllaBanksia sclerophylla is a shrub endemic to Western Australia. It was known as Dryandra sclerophylla until 2007, when all Dryandra species were transferred to Banksia by Austin Mast and Kevin Thiele.-External links:...
) - D. kippistiana (now B. kippistianaBanksia kippistianaBanksia kippistiana is a shrub endemic to Western Australia. It was known as Dryandra kippistiana until 2007, when all Dryandra species were transferred to Banksia by Austin Mast and Kevin Thiele....
)- D. kippistiana var. kippistiana (now B. kippistiana var. kippistiana)
- D. kippistiana var. paenepeccata (now B. kippistiana var. paenepeccata)
- D. carlinoides (now B. carlinoidesBanksia carlinoidesBanksia carlinoides, commonly known as Pink Dryandra, is a shrub endemic to Western Australia. It was known as Dryandra carlinoides until 2007, when all Dryandra species were transferred to Banksia by Austin Mast and Kevin Thiele....
) - D. tridentata (now B. tridentataBanksia tridentataBanksia tridentata, commonly known as Yellow Honeypot, is a shrub endemic to Western Australia. It was published as Dryandra tridentata in 1856, and remained in that genus for 150 years, although in 1893 Benjamin Daydon Jackson accidentally listed it in Index Kewensis under Banksia, thus...
)
- D. sclerophylla (now B. sclerophylla
- D. ser. CapitellataeDryandra ser. CapitellataeDryandra ser. Capitellatae is an obsolete series within the former genus Dryandra . It was published by Alex George in 1996, but discarded in 2007 when Austin Mast and Kevin Thiele sank Dryandra into Banksia.-Publication:George published the series in his 1996 "New taxa and a new infrageneric...
- D. serratuloides (now B. serratuloidesBanksia serratuloidesBanksia serratuloides is a shrub endemic to Western Australia. It was known as Dryandra serratuloides until 2007, when all Dryandra species were transferred to Banksia by Austin Mast and Kevin Thiele.-External links:...
)- D. serratuloides subsp. serratuloides (now B. serratuloides subsp. serratuloidesBanksia serratuloides subsp. serratuloidesBanksia serratuloides subsp. serratuloides is a subspecies of Banksia serratuloides. As an autonym, it is defined as encompassing the type material of the species. It was known as Dryandra serratuloides subsp. serratuloides until 2007, when Austin Mast and Kevin Thiele sunk all Dryandra into...
) - D. serratuloides subsp. perissa (now B. serratuloides subsp. perissa)
- D. serratuloides subsp. serratuloides (now B. serratuloides subsp. serratuloides
- D. meganotia (now B. meganotiaBanksia meganotiaBanksia meganotia is a shrub endemic to Western Australia.An assessment of the potential impact of climate change on this species found that it was likely to be driven to extinction by loss of habitat by 2080, even under mild climate change scenarios....
)
- D. serratuloides (now B. serratuloides
- D. ser. IlicinaeDryandra ser. IlicinaeDryandra ser. Ilicinae is an obsolete series within the former genus Dryandra . It was first published by Carl Meissner in 1856, but was discarded by George Bentham in 1870...
- D. praemorsa (now B. undataBanksia undataBanksia undata, commonly known as Urchin Dryandra, is a shrub endemic to Western Australia.It was known as Dryandra praemorsa until 2007, when all Dryandra species were transferred to Banksia by Austin Mast and Kevin Thiele...
)- D. praemorsa var. praemorsa (now B. undata var. undataBanksia undata var. undataBanksia undata var. undata is a shrub endemic to Western Australia.It was known as Dryandra praemorsa var. praemorsa until 2007, when all Dryandra species were transferred to Banksia by Austin Mast and Kevin Thiele...
) - D. praemorsa var. splendens (now B. undata var. splendensBanksia undata var. splendensBanksia undata var. splendens is a shrub endemic to Western Australia.It was first published by Alex George in 1996, based on a specimen collected by him two years earlier. The name given was Dryandra praemorsa var. splendens, the varietal epithet referring to the "splendid" flower heads...
)
- D. praemorsa var. praemorsa (now B. undata var. undata
- D. quercifolia (now B. helianthaBanksia helianthaBanksia heliantha, commonly known as Oak-leaved Dryandra, is a shrub endemic to Western Australia.It was known as Dryandra quercifolia until 2007, when all Dryandra species were transferred to Banksia by Austin Mast and Kevin Thiele...
) - D. anatona (now B. anatonaBanksia anatonaBanksia anatona is a shrub endemic to Western Australia....
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- D. praemorsa (now B. undata
- D. ser. Dryandra
- D. formosa (now B. formosaBanksia formosaBanksia formosa, commonly known as Showy Dryandra, is a shrub endemic to Western Australia. It was known as Dryandra formosa until 2007, when all Dryandra species were transferred to Banksia by Austin Mast and Kevin Thiele....
) - D. nobilis (now B. nobilisBanksia nobilisBanksia nobilis, commonly known as Golden Dryandra, Great Dryandra or Kerosene Bush, is a shrub endemic to Western Australia. It occurs on lateritic rises from Eneabba to Katanning in the state's Southwest Botanic Province. With large pinnatifid leaves with triangular lober, and a golden or reddish...
)- D. nobilis subsp. nobilis (now B. nobilis subsp. nobilisBanksia nobilis subsp. nobilisBanksia nobilis subsp. nobilis is a subspecies of Banksia nobilis. As an autonym, it is defined as encompassing the type material of the species. It was known as Dryandra nobilis subsp. nobilis until 2007, when Austin Mast and Kevin Thiele sunk all Dryandra into Banksia. As with other members of...
) - D. nobilis subsp. fragrans (now B. nobilis subsp. fragrans)
- D. nobilis subsp. nobilis (now B. nobilis subsp. nobilis
- D. stuposa (now B. stuposaBanksia stuposaBanksia stuposa is a shrub endemic to Western Australia. It was known as Dryandra stuposa until 2007, when all Dryandra species were transferred to Banksia by Austin Mast and Kevin Thiele.-Description:...
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- D. formosa (now B. formosa
- D. ser. Foliosae
- D. mucronulata (now B. mucronulataBanksia mucronulataBanksia mucronulata, commonly known as Swordfish Dryandra, is a shrub endemic to Western Australia. It was known as Dryandra mucronulata until 2007, when all Dryandra species were transferred to Banksia by Austin Mast and Kevin Thiele.-External links:...
)- D. mucronulata subsp. mucronulata (now B. mucronulata subsp. mucronulataBanksia mucronulata subsp. mucronulataBanksia mucronulata subsp. mucronulata is a subspecies of Banksia mucronulata. As an autonym, it is defined as encompassing the type material of the species. It was known as Dryandra mucronulata subsp. mucronulata until 2007, when Austin Mast and Kevin Thiele sunk all Dryandra into Banksia. As with...
) - D. mucronulata subsp. retrorsa (now B. mucronulata subsp. retrorsa)
- D. mucronulata subsp. mucronulata (now B. mucronulata subsp. mucronulata
- D. baxteri (now B. biteraxBanksia biteraxBanksia biterax is a shrub endemic to Western Australia.It was known as Dryandra baxteri until 2007, when all Dryandra species were transferred to Banksia by Austin Mast and Kevin Thiele...
) - D. foliosissima (now B. foliosissimaBanksia foliosissimaBanksia foliosissima is a shrub endemic to Western Australia....
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- D. mucronulata (now B. mucronulata
- D. ser. Decurrentes
- D. comosa (now B. comosaBanksia comosaBanksia comosa, commonly known as Wongan Dryandra, is a shrub endemic to Western Australia. It was known as Dryandra comosa until 2007, when all Dryandra species were transferred to Banksia by Austin Mast and Kevin Thiele....
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- D. comosa (now B. comosa
- D. ser. Tenuifoliae
- D. tenuifolia (now B. tenuisBanksia tenuisBanksia tenuis is a shrub endemic to Western Australia. It was known as Dryandra tenuifolia until 2007, when all Dryandra species were transferred to Banksia by Austin Mast and Kevin Thiele...
)- D. tenuifolia var. tenuifolia (now B. tenuis var. tenuisBanksia tenuis var. tenuisBanksia tenuis var. tenuis is a variety of Banksia tenuis. It was known as Dryandra tenuifolia var. tenuifolia until 2007, when Austin Mast and Kevin Thiele sunk all Dryandra into Banksia. Since the name Banksia tenuifolia had already been used, Mast and Thiele had to choose a new specific epithet...
) - D. tenuifolia var. reptans (now B. tenuis var. reptansBanksia tenuis var. reptansBanksia tenuis var. reptans is a variety of Banksia tenuis. It was known as Dryandra tenuifolia var. reptans until 2007, when Austin Mast and Kevin Thiele sunk all Dryandra into Banksia. Since the name Banksia tenuifolia had already been used, Mast and Thiele had to choose a new specific epithet...
)
- D. tenuifolia var. tenuifolia (now B. tenuis var. tenuis
- D. obtusa (now B. obtusaBanksia obtusaBanksia obtusa, commonly known as Shining Honeypot, is a shrub endemic to Western Australia. It was known as Dryandra obtusa until 2007, when all Dryandra species were transferred to Banksia by Austin Mast and Kevin Thiele....
)
- D. tenuifolia (now B. tenuis
- D. ser. Runcinatae
- D. ferruginea (now B. rufaBanksia rufaBanksia rufa is a shrub endemic to Western Australia. It was first published by Carl Meisner in 1855, where it was given the name Dryandra ferruginea by Richard Kippist. The following year, Meisner published what was purportedly a distinct species, Dryandra runcinata...
)- D. ferruginea subsp. magma (now B. rufa subsp. magma)
- D. ferruginea subsp. tutanningensis (now B. rufa subsp. tutanningensisBanksia rufa subsp. tutanningensisBanksia rufa subsp. tutanningensis is a subspecies of Banksia rufa. It was known as Dryandra ferruginea subsp. tutanningensis until 2007, when Austin Mast and Kevin Thiele sunk all Dryandra into Banksia. Since the name Banksia ferruginea had already been used, Mast and Thiele had to choose a new...
) - D. ferruginea subsp. ferruginea (now B. rufa subsp. rufaBanksia rufa subsp. rufaBanksia rufa subsp. rufa is a subspecies of Banksia rufa. It was known as Dryandra ferruginea subsp. ferruginea until 2007, when Austin Mast and Kevin Thiele sunk all Dryandra into Banksia. Since the name Banksia ferruginea had already been used, Mast and Thiele had to choose a new specific epithet...
) - D. ferruginea subsp. pumila (now B. rufa subsp. pumilaBanksia rufa subsp. pumilaBanksia rufa subsp. pumila is a subspecies of Banksia rufa. It was known as Dryandra ferruginea subsp. pumila until 2007, when Austin Mast and Kevin Thiele sunk all Dryandra into Banksia. Since the name Banksia ferruginea had already been used, Mast and Thiele had to choose a new specific epithet...
) - D. ferruginea subsp. obliquiloba (now B. rufa subsp. obliquilobaBanksia rufa subsp. obliquilobaBanksia rufa subsp. obliquiloba is a subspecies of Banksia rufa. It was known as Dryandra ferruginea subsp. obliquiloba until 2007, when Austin Mast and Kevin Thiele sunk all Dryandra into Banksia. Since the name Banksia ferruginea had already been used, Mast and Thiele had to choose a new specific...
) - D. ferruginea subsp. chelomacarpa (now B. rufa subsp. chelomacarpaBanksia rufa subsp. chelomacarpaBanksia rufa subsp. chelomacarpa is a subspecies of Banksia rufa. It was known as Dryandra ferruginea subsp. chelomacarpa until 2007, when Austin Mast and Kevin Thiele sunk all Dryandra into Banksia. Since the name Banksia ferruginea had already been used, Mast and Thiele had to choose a new...
) - D. ferruginea subsp. flavescens (now B. rufa subsp. flavescensBanksia rufa subsp. flavescensBanksia rufa subsp. flavescens is a subspecies of Banksia rufa. It was known as Dryandra ferruginea subsp. flavescens until 2007, when Austin Mast and Kevin Thiele sunk all Dryandra into Banksia. Since the name Banksia ferruginea had already been used, Mast and Thiele had to choose a new specific...
)
- D. corvijuga (now B. corvijugaBanksia corvijugaBanksia corvijuga is a shrub endemic to Western Australia....
) - D. epimicta (now B. epimictaBanksia epimictaBanksia epimicta is a shrub endemic to Western Australia....
) - D. proteoides (now B. proteoidesBanksia proteoidesBanksia proteoides, commonly known as King Dryandra, is a shrub endemic to Western Australia. It was known as Dryandra proteoides until 2007, when all Dryandra species were transferred to Banksia by Austin Mast and Kevin Thiele....
)
- D. ferruginea (now B. rufa
- D. ser. Triangulares
- D. drummondii (now B. drummondiiBanksia drummondiiBanksia drummondii, commonly known as Drummond's Dryandra, is a shrub endemic to Western Australia. Depending on the subspecies, flowering occurs either mid-year, or at year's end.-Description:...
)- D. drummondii subsp. drummondii (now B. drummondii subsp. drummondii)
- D. drummondii subsp. hiemalis (now B. drummondii subsp. hiemalis)
- D. drummondii subsp. macrorufa (now B. drummondii subsp. macrorufa)
- D. octotriginta (now B. octotrigintaBanksia octotrigintaBanksia octotriginta is a shrub endemic to Western Australia.An assessment of the potential impact of climate change on this species found that it was likely to be driven to extinction by loss of habitat by 2080, even under mild climate change scenarios....
) - D. catoglypta (now B. catoglyptaBanksia catoglyptaBanksia catoglypta is a shrub endemic to Western Australia....
)
- D. drummondii (now B. drummondii
- D. ser. AphragmaDryandra ser. AphragmaDryandra ser. Aphragma is an obsolete series within the former genus Dryandra . It was first published at sectional rank by Robert Brown in 1830, and was retained at that rank until 1999, when Alex George demoted it to a series...
- D. pteridifolia (now B. pteridifoliaBanksia pteridifoliaBanksia pteridifolia, commonly known as Tangled Honeypot, is a shrub endemic to Western Australia. It was known as Dryandra pteridifolia until 2007, when all Dryandra species were transferred to Banksia by Austin Mast and Kevin Thiele.-External links:...
)- D. pteridifolia subsp. inretita (now B. pteridifolia subsp. inretitaBanksia pteridifolia subsp. pteridifoliaBanksia pteridifolia subsp. pteridifolia is a subspecies of Banksia pteridifolia. As an autonym, it is defined as encompassing the type material of the species. It was known as Dryandra pteridifolia subsp. pteridifolia until 2007, when Austin Mast and Kevin Thiele sunk all Dryandra into Banksia. As...
) - D. pteridifolia subsp. pteridifolia (now B. pteridifolia subsp. pteridifoliaBanksia pteridifolia subsp. pteridifoliaBanksia pteridifolia subsp. pteridifolia is a subspecies of Banksia pteridifolia. As an autonym, it is defined as encompassing the type material of the species. It was known as Dryandra pteridifolia subsp. pteridifolia until 2007, when Austin Mast and Kevin Thiele sunk all Dryandra into Banksia. As...
) - D. pteridifolia subsp. vernalis (now B. pteridifolia subsp. vernalis)
- D. pteridifolia subsp. inretita (now B. pteridifolia subsp. inretita
- D. fililoba (now B. fililobaBanksia fililobaBanksia fililoba is a shrub endemic to Western Australia....
) - D. shanklandiorum (now B. shanklandiorumBanksia shanklandiorumBanksia shanklandiorum is a shrub endemic to Western Australia....
) - D. nervosa (now B. alliaceaBanksia alliaceaBanksia alliacea is a shrub endemic to Western Australia.It was known as Dryandra nervosa until 2007, when all Dryandra species were transferred to Banksia by Austin Mast and Kevin Thiele...
) - D. blechnifolia (now B. pellaeifoliaBanksia pellaeifoliaBanksia pellaeifolia is a shrub endemic to Western Australia.It was known as Dryandra blechnifolia until 2007, when all Dryandra species were transferred to Banksia by Austin Mast and Kevin Thiele...
) - D. porrecta (now B. porrectaBanksia porrectaBanksia porrecta is a shrub endemic to Western Australia.An assessment of the potential impact of climate change on this species found that its range is likely to contract by between 50% and 80% by 2080, depending on the severity of the change....
) - D. aurantia (now B. aurantiaBanksia aurantiaBanksia aurantia is a shrub endemic to Western Australia....
) - D. calophylla (now B. calophyllaBanksia calophyllaBanksia calophylla is a shrub endemic to Western Australia. It was known as Dryandra calophylla until 2007, when all Dryandra species were transferred to Banksia by research botanists Austin Mast and Kevin Thiele.-External links:...
) - D. lepidorhiza (now B. lepidorhizaBanksia lepidorhizaBanksia lepidorhiza is a shrub endemic to Western Australia....
)
- D. pteridifolia (now B. pteridifolia
- D. ser. Ionthocarpae
- D. ionthocarpa (now B. ionthocarpaBanksia ionthocarpaBanksia ionthocarpa is a shrub endemic to Western Australia. It was known as Dryandra ionthocarpa until 2007.-Taxonomy:B. ionthocarpa was first discovered in 1987 by professional seed supplier Peter Luscombe. The following year specimens were collected by both Margaret Pieroni and Alex George...
)- D. ionthocarpa subsp. ionthocarpa (now B. ionthocarpa subsp. ionthocarpaBanksia ionthocarpa subsp. ionthocarpaBanksia ionthocarpa subsp. ionthocarpa is a subspecies of Banksia ionthocarpa. As an autonym, it is defined as encompassing the type material of the species. It was known as Dryandra ionthocarpa subsp. ionthocarpa until 2007, when Austin Mast and Kevin Thiele sunk all Dryandra into Banksia. As with...
) - D. ionthocarpa subsp. chrysophoenix (now B. ionthocarpa subsp. chrysophoenix)
- D. ionthocarpa subsp. ionthocarpa (now B. ionthocarpa subsp. ionthocarpa
- D. ionthocarpa (now B. ionthocarpa
- D. ser. Inusitatae
- D. idiogenes (now B. idiogenesBanksia idiogenesBanksia idiogenes is a shrub endemic to Western Australia. It was known as Dryandra idiogenes until 2007.-Taxonomy:B. idiogenes was first discovered by Alex George in 1986, and published by him in 1996 as Dryandra idiogenes, the specific epithet coming from the Greek idiogenes , in reference...
)
- D. idiogenes (now B. idiogenes
- D. ser. Subulatae
- D. subulata (now B. subulataBanksia subulataBanksia subulata, commonly known as Awled Honeypot, is a shrub endemic to Western Australia.-Taxonomy:It was first published as Dryandra subulata by Charles Gardner in 1964. In Alex George's 1996 arrangement, this species was recognised as quite distinctive, being unusual in its long, unserrated...
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- D. subulata (now B. subulata
- D. ser. Gymnocephalae
- D. cynaroides (now B. cynaroidesBanksia cynaroidesBanksia cynaroides is a shrub endemic to Western Australia.An assessment of the potential impact of climate change on this species found that it was likely to be driven to extinction by loss of habitat by 2080, even under mild climate change scenarios....
) - D. erythrocephala (now B. erythrocephalaBanksia erythrocephalaBanksia erythrocephala is a shrub endemic to Western Australia.An assessment of the potential impact of climate change on this species found that it was likely to be driven to extinction by loss of habitat by 2080, even under mild climate change scenarios....
)- D. erythrocephala var. erythrocephala (now B. erythrocephala var. erythrocephalaBanksia erythrocephala var. erythrocephalaBanksia erythrocephala var. erythrocephala is a variety of Banksia erythrocephala. As an autonym, it is defined as encompassing the type material of the species. It was known as Dryandra erythrocephala var. erythrocephala until 2007, when Austin Mast and Kevin Thiele sunk all Dryandra into Banksia....
) - D. erythrocephala var. inopinata (now B. erythrocephala var. inopinata)
- D. erythrocephala var. erythrocephala (now B. erythrocephala var. erythrocephala
- D. horrida (now B. horridaBanksia horridaBanksia horrida, commonly known as Prickly Dryandra, is a shrub endemic to Western Australia. It was known as Dryandra horrida until 2007, when all Dryandra species were transferred to Banksia by Austin Mast and Kevin Thiele....
) - D. vestita (now B. vestitaBanksia vestitaBanksia vestita, commonly known as Summer Dryandra, is a shrub endemic to Western Australia. It was known as Dryandra vestita until 2007.-Description:...
) - D. viscida (now B. viscidaBanksia viscidaBanksia viscida, commonly known as Sticky Dryandra, is a small shrub known only from four laterite hills in semi-arid inland Western Australia. Known until recently as Dryandra viscida, it is thought to be rare but not threatened....
) - D. mimica (now B. mimicaBanksia mimicaBanksia mimica, commonly known as Summer Honeypot, is a shrub endemic to Western Australia. Until 2007 it was known as Dryandra mimica; in 2007 all Dryandra species were transferred into Banksia....
) - D. speciosa (now B. splendidaBanksia splendidaBanksia splendida, commonly known as Shaggy Dryandra, is a shrub endemic to Western Australia. It was known as Dryandra speciosa until 2007-Taxonomy:...
)- D. speciosa subsp. speciosa (now B. speciosa subsp. splendidaBanksia splendida subsp. splendidaBanksia splendida subsp. splendida is a subspecies of Banksia splendida. It was known as Dryandra speciosa subsp. speciosa until 2007, when Austin Mast and Kevin Thiele sunk all Dryandra into Banksia. Since the name Banksia speciosa had already been used, Mast and Thiele had to choose a new...
) - D. speciosa subsp. macrocarpa (now B. speciosa subsp. macrocarpaBanksia splendida subsp. macrocarpaBanksia splendida subsp. macrocarpa is a subspecies of Banksia splendida. It was known as Dryandra speciosa subsp. macrocarpa until 2007, when Austin Mast and Kevin Thiele sunk all Dryandra into Banksia. Since there was already a species named Banksia speciosa, Mast and Thiele had to choose a new...
)
- D. speciosa subsp. speciosa (now B. speciosa subsp. splendida
- D. shuttleworthiana (now B. shuttleworthianaBanksia shuttleworthianaBanksia shuttleworthiana, commonly known as Bearded Dryandra, is a shrub endemic to Western Australia, and is found between the towns of Geraldton and Gingin. It was known as Dryandra shuttleworthiana until 2007, when all Dryandra species were transferred to Banksia by Austin Mast and Kevin...
)
- D. cynaroides (now B. cynaroides
- D. ser. PlumosaeDryandra ser. PlumosaeDryandra ser. Plumosae is an obsolete series within the former genus Dryandra . It was published by Alex George in 1996, but discarded in 2007 when Austin Mast and Kevin Thiele sank Dryandra into Banksia....
- D. plumosa (now B. plumosaBanksia plumosaBanksia plumosa is a shrub endemic to Western Australia. It was known as Dryandra plumosa until 2007, when all Dryandra species were transferred to Banksia by Austin Mast and Kevin Thiele....
)- D. plumosa subsp. plumosa (now B. plumosa subsp. plumosaBanksia plumosa subsp. plumosaBanksia plumosa subsp. plumosa is a subspecies of Banksia plumosa. As an autonym, it is defined as encompassing the type material of the species. It was known as Dryandra plumosa subsp. plumosa until 2007, when Austin Mast and Kevin Thiele sunk all Dryandra into Banksia. As with other members of...
) - D. plumosa subsp. denticulata (now B. plumosa subsp. denticulata)
- D. plumosa subsp. plumosa (now B. plumosa subsp. plumosa
- D. pseudoplumosa (now B. pseudoplumosaBanksia pseudoplumosaBanksia pseudoplumosa is a shrub endemic to Western Australia....
) - D. montana (now B. montanaBanksia montanaBanksia montana is a shrub endemic to Western Australia....
)
- D. plumosa (now B. plumosa
- D. ser. Concinnae
- D. concinna (now B. concinnaBanksia concinnaBanksia concinna is a shrub endemic to Western Australia. It was known as Dryandra concinna until 2007, when all Dryandra species were transferred to Banksia by Austin Mast and Kevin Thiele.-External links:...
) - D. serra (now B. serraBanksia serraBanksia serra, commonly known as Serrate-leaved Dryandra, is a shrub endemic to Western Australia. It was known as Dryandra polycephala until 2007, when all Dryandra species were transferred to Banksia by Austin Mast and Kevin Thiele.An assessment of the potential impact of climate change on this...
) - D. foliolata (now B. foliolataBanksia foliolataBanksia foliolata is a shrub endemic to Western Australia. It was known as Dryandra foliolata until 2007, when all Dryandra species were transferred to Banksia by Austin Mast and Kevin Thiele.-External links:...
)
- D. concinna (now B. concinna
- D. ser. Obvallatae
- D. fasciculata (now B. fasciculataBanksia fasciculataBanksia fasciculata is a shrub endemic to Western Australia....
) - D. conferta (now B. densaBanksia densaBanksia densa is a shrub endemic to Western Australia. It was known as Dryandra conferta until 2007, when all Dryandra species were transferred to Banksia by Austin Mast and Kevin Thiele...
)- D. conferta var. conferta (now B. densa var. densaBanksia densa var. densaBanksia densa var. densa is a variety of Banksia densa. It was known as Dryandra conferta var. conferta until 2007, when Austin Mast and Kevin Thiele sunk all Dryandra into Banksia. Since the name Banksia conferta had already been used, Mast and Thiele had to choose a new specific epithet for D....
) - D. conferta var. parva (now B. densa var. parvaBanksia densa var. parvaBanksia densa var. parva is a variety of Banksia densa. It was known as Dryandra conferta var. parva until 2007, when Austin Mast and Kevin Thiele sunk all Dryandra into Banksia. Since there was already a Banksia named Banksia conferta, Mast and Thiele had to choose a new specific epithet for D....
)
- D. conferta var. conferta (now B. densa var. densa
- D. columnaris (now B. columnarisBanksia columnarisBanksia columnaris is a shrub endemic to Western Australia....
) - D. platycarpa (now B. platycarpaBanksia platycarpaBanksia platycarpa is a shrub endemic to Western Australia....
) - D. seneciifolia (now B. seneciifoliaBanksia seneciifoliaBanksia seneciifolia is a shrub endemic to Western Australia. It was known as Dryandra polycephala until 2007, when all Dryandra species were transferred to Banksia by Austin Mast and Kevin Thiele.-External links:...
) - D. rufistylis (now B. rufistylisBanksia rufistylisBanksia rufistylis is a shrub endemic to Western Australia....
) - D. insulanemorecincta (now B. insulanemorecinctaBanksia insulanemorecinctaBanksia insulanemorecincta is a shrub endemic to Western Australia....
)
- D. fasciculata (now B. fasciculata
- D. ser. Pectinatae
- D. nana (now B. nanaBanksia nanaBanksia nana, commonly known as Dwarf Dryandra, is a shrub endemic to Western Australia. It was known as Dryandra nana until 2007, when all Dryandra species were transferred to Banksia by Austin Mast and Kevin Thiele....
)
- D. nana (now B. nana
- D. ser. Acuminatae
- D. preissii (now B. acuminataBanksia acuminataBanksia acuminata is a rare prostrate shrub endemic to south-west Western Australia. It was published in 1848 as Dryandra preissii, but transferred into Banksia as B. acuminata in 2007.-Description:...
)
- D. preissii (now B. acuminata
- D. ser. NiveaeDryandra ser. NiveaeDryandra ser. Niveae is an obsolete series within the former genus Dryandra . It was first published by George Bentham in 1870, and was given a new circumscription by Alex George in 1996, but was ultimately discarded in 2007 when Austin Mast and Kevin Thiele sunk Dryandra into Banksia.-According to...
- D. arctotidis (now B. arctotidisBanksia arctotidisBanksia arctotidis is a shrub endemic to Western Australia. It was known as Dryandra arctotidis until 2007, when all Dryandra species were transferred to Banksia by Austin Mast and Kevin Thiele....
) - D. tortifolia (now B. tortifoliaBanksia tortifoliaBanksia tortifolia is a shrub endemic to Western Australia. It was first published as Dryandra tortifolia in 1855. In 1870, George Bentham demoted it to a variety of Dryandra arctotidis , but this was overturned by Alex George in 1999...
) - D. stenoprion (now B. stenoprionBanksia stenoprionBanksia stenoprion is a shrub endemic to Western Australia....
) - D. cypholoba (now B. cypholobaBanksia cypholobaBanksia cypholoba is a shrub endemic to Western Australia....
) - D. lindleyana (now B. dallanneyiBanksia dallanneyiBanksia dallanneyi, commonly known as Couch Honeypot, is a prostrate shrub endemic to Western Australia. It grows to a height and width of up to 0.5 m, although it is very common for many plants to be growing side by side; thus the clump may be several metres across.It was known as Dryandra...
)- D. lindleyana subsp. lindleyana (now B. dallanneyi subsp. dallanneyiBanksia dallanneyi subsp. dallanneyiBanksia dallanneyi subsp. dallanneyi is a subspecies of Banksia dallanneyi. It was known as Dryandra lindleyana subsp. lindleyana until 2007, when Austin Mast and Kevin Thiele sunk all Dryandra into Banksia. Since the name Banksia lindleyana had already been used, Mast and Thiele had to choose a...
) - D. lindleyana subsp. pollosta (now B. dallanneyi subsp. pollostaBanksia dallanneyi subsp. pollostaBanksia dallanneyi subsp. pollosta is a subspecies of Banksia dallanneyi. It was known as Dryandra lindleyana subsp. pollosta until 2007, when Austin Mast and Kevin Thiele sunk all Dryandra into Banksia. Since there was already a Banksia named Banksia lindleyana, Mast and Thiele had to choose a new...
) - D. lindleyana subsp. media (now B. dallanneyi subsp. mediaBanksia dallanneyi subsp. mediaBanksia dallanneyi subsp. media is a subspecies of Banksia dallanneyi. It was known as Dryandra lindleyana subsp. media until 2007, when Austin Mast and Kevin Thiele sunk all Dryandra into Banksia. Since there was already a Banksia named Banksia lindleyana, Mast and Thiele had to choose a new...
) - D. lindleyana subsp. agricola (now B. dallanneyi subsp. agricolaBanksia dallanneyi subsp. agricolaBanksia dallanneyi subsp. agricola is a subspecies of Banksia dallanneyi. It was known as Dryandra lindleyana subsp. agricola until 2007, when Austin Mast and Kevin Thiele sunk all Dryandra into Banksia. Since there was already a Banksia named Banksia lindleyana, Mast and Thiele had to choose a new...
) - D. lindleyana subsp. sylvestris (now B. dallanneyi subsp. sylvestrisBanksia dallanneyi subsp. sylvestrisBanksia dallanneyi subsp. sylvestris is a subspecies of Banksia dallanneyi. It was known as Dryandra lindleyana subsp. sylvestris until 2007, when Austin Mast and Kevin Thiele sunk all Dryandra into Banksia. Since there was already a Banksia named Banksia lindleyana, Mast and Thiele had to choose a...
)
- D. lindleyana subsp. lindleyana (now B. dallanneyi subsp. dallanneyi
- D. brownii (now B. brunneaBanksia brunneaBanksia brunnea is a shrub endemic to Western Australia.It was known as Dryandra brownii until 2007, when all Dryandra species were transferred to Banksia by Austin Mast and Kevin Thiele...
) - D. nivea (now B. niveaBanksia niveaBanksia nivea, commonly known as Honeypot Dryandra, is a shrub endemic to Western Australia. First described as Banksia nivea, it was transferred to Dryandra as Dryandra nivea by Robert Brown in 1810, and remained in that genus until 2007, when all Dryandra species were transferred to Banksia by...
)- D. nivea subsp. nivea (now B. nivea subsp. nivea)
- D. nivea subsp. uliginosa (now B. nivea subsp. uliginosa)
- D. arctotidis (now B. arctotidis
- D. ser. Floribundae
- D. subg. HemiclidiaDryandra subg. HemiclidiaDryandra subg. Hemiclidia is an obsolete plant taxon that encompassed material that is now included in Banksia. Published at genus rank as Hemiclidia by Robert Brown in 1830, it was set aside by George Bentham in 1870, but reinstated at subgenus rank by Alex George in 1996...
(2 species) - D. subg. DiplophragmaDryandra subg. DiplophragmaDryandra subg. Diplophragma is an obsolete subgenus within the former genus Dryandra . It was first published by Robert Brown in 1830, but was discarded by George Bentham in 1870...
(1 species)
- D. subg. Dryandra
Recent developments
Since 1998, Austin MastAustin Mast
Austin R. Mast is a research botanist. Born in 1972, he obtained a Ph.D. from the University of Wisconsin–Madison in 2000. He is currently an associate professor within the Department of Biological Science at Florida State University , and has been director of FSU's since August 2003.One of his...
has been publishing results of ongoing cladistic analyses of DNA sequence
DNA sequence
The sequence or primary structure of a nucleic acid is the composition of atoms that make up the nucleic acid and the chemical bonds that bond those atoms. Because nucleic acids, such as DNA and RNA, are unbranched polymers, this specification is equivalent to specifying the sequence of...
data for the subtribe Banksiinae. His analyses have provided compelling evidence of the paraphyly
Paraphyly
A group of taxa is said to be paraphyletic if the group consists of all the descendants of a hypothetical closest common ancestor minus one or more monophyletic groups of descendants...
of Banksia
Banksia
Banksia is a genus of around 170 species in the plant family Proteaceae. These Australian wildflowers and popular garden plants are easily recognised by their characteristic flower spikes and fruiting "cones" and heads. When it comes to size, banksias range from prostrate woody shrubs to trees up...
with respect to Dryandra
Dryandra
Banksia ser. Dryandra is a series of 94 species of shrub to small tree in the plant genus Banksia. It was considered a separate genus named Dryandra until early 2007, when it was merged into Banksia on the basis of extensive molecular and morphological evidence that Banksia was paraphyletic with...
; that is, it seems that Dryandra arose from within the ranks of Banksia. Early in 2007, Mast and Kevin Thiele
Kevin Thiele
Kevin R. Thiele is curator of the Western Australian Herbarium. His research interests include the systematics of the plant families Proteaceae, Rhamnaceae and Violaceae, and the conservation ecology of grassy woodland ecosystems...
initiated a rearrangement of Banksia by sinking Dryandra into it as B. ser. Dryandra. This transfer necessitated the setting aside of George's infrageneric arrangement of Dryandra; thus D. subg. Dryandra is no longer current. Mast and Thiele have foreshadowed publishing a full arrangement once DNA sampling of Dryandra is complete.