Georg Kelling
Encyclopedia
Georg Kelling was a German internist and surgeon
who was born in Dresden
. He studied medicine at the Universities of Leipzig
and Berlin. He earned his medical doctorate in 1890, and later worked as a physician at the city hospital in Dresden.
Kelling was a specialist concerning gastrointestinal physiology
and anatomy
. He is credited with performing the first laparoscopic
examination, which he called "celioscopy
". In 1901 he performed this procedure on the abdomen of a dog using a Nitze-cystoscope. Prior to cystoscopic viewing of the abdomen, Kelling insufflated
it with filtered air via a device known as a trocar
. Insufflation was used to create a pneumoperitoneum
in order to prevent intra-abdominal bleeding.
Surgeon
In medicine, a surgeon is a specialist in surgery. Surgery is a broad category of invasive medical treatment that involves the cutting of a body, whether human or animal, for a specific reason such as the removal of diseased tissue or to repair a tear or breakage...
who was born in Dresden
Dresden
Dresden is the capital city of the Free State of Saxony in Germany. It is situated in a valley on the River Elbe, near the Czech border. The Dresden conurbation is part of the Saxon Triangle metropolitan area....
. He studied medicine at the Universities of Leipzig
University of Leipzig
The University of Leipzig , located in Leipzig in the Free State of Saxony, Germany, is one of the oldest universities in the world and the second-oldest university in Germany...
and Berlin. He earned his medical doctorate in 1890, and later worked as a physician at the city hospital in Dresden.
Kelling was a specialist concerning gastrointestinal physiology
Physiology
Physiology is the science of the function of living systems. This includes how organisms, organ systems, organs, cells, and bio-molecules carry out the chemical or physical functions that exist in a living system. The highest honor awarded in physiology is the Nobel Prize in Physiology or...
and anatomy
Anatomy
Anatomy is a branch of biology and medicine that is the consideration of the structure of living things. It is a general term that includes human anatomy, animal anatomy , and plant anatomy...
. He is credited with performing the first laparoscopic
Laparoscopy
Laparoscopy is an operation performed in the abdomen or pelvis through small incisions with the aid of a camera...
examination, which he called "celioscopy
Laparoscopic surgery
Laparoscopic surgery, also called minimally invasive surgery , bandaid surgery, or keyhole surgery, is a modern surgical technique in which operations in the abdomen are performed through small incisions as opposed to the larger incisions needed in laparotomy.Keyhole surgery makes use of images...
". In 1901 he performed this procedure on the abdomen of a dog using a Nitze-cystoscope. Prior to cystoscopic viewing of the abdomen, Kelling insufflated
Insufflation (medicine)
Insufflation is the practice of inhaling a substance. Insufflation has limited medical use, but is a common route of administration with many respiratory drugs used to treat conditions in the lungs and paranasal sinus .The technique is common for many recreational drugs and is also used for some...
it with filtered air via a device known as a trocar
Trocar
A trocar is a medical instrument with a sharply pointed end, often three-sided, that is used inside a hollow cylinder to introduce this into blood vessels or body cavities...
. Insufflation was used to create a pneumoperitoneum
Pneumoperitoneum
Pneumoperitoneum is air or gas in the abdominal cavity. It is often seen on X-ray, but small amounts are often missed, and CT is nowadays regarded as a criterion standard in the assessment of a pneumoperitoneum. CT can visualize quantities as small as 5 cm³ of air or gas...
in order to prevent intra-abdominal bleeding.