Gastrolobium
Encyclopedia
Gastrolobium is a genus of flowering plants in the family Fabaceae
. There are over 100 species in this genus, and all but two are native to the south west region
of Western Australia
.
A significant number of the species accumulate monofluoroacetic acid - the key ingredient of the poison
known commonly as 1080 which caused introduced/non native animal deaths from the 1840s in Western Australia. The controversy over the cause of the stock poisoning in that time involved the botanist James Drummond
in a series of tests to ascertain the exact cause of the poisoning - which was determined to be caused primarily by the plants York Road poison (G. calycinum) and Champion Bay poison (G. oxylobioides).
In the 1930s and 1940s C.A. Gardner
and H.W. Bennetts
did considerable work identifying other species in Western Australia - leading to the publication of The Toxic Plants of Western Australia in 1956.
Fabaceae
The Fabaceae or Leguminosae, commonly known as the legume, pea, or bean family, is a large and economically important family of flowering plants. The group is the third largest land plant family, behind only the Orchidaceae and Asteraceae, with 730 genera and over 19,400 species...
. There are over 100 species in this genus, and all but two are native to the south west region
Southwest Australia
Southwest Australia is a biodiversity hotspot that includes the Mediterranean forests, woodlands, and scrub ecoregions of Western Australia. The region has a wet-winter, dry-summer Mediterranean climate, one of five such regions in the world...
of Western Australia
Western Australia
Western Australia is a state of Australia, occupying the entire western third of the Australian continent. It is bounded by the Indian Ocean to the north and west, the Great Australian Bight and Indian Ocean to the south, the Northern Territory to the north-east and South Australia to the south-east...
.
A significant number of the species accumulate monofluoroacetic acid - the key ingredient of the poison
Poison
In the context of biology, poisons are substances that can cause disturbances to organisms, usually by chemical reaction or other activity on the molecular scale, when a sufficient quantity is absorbed by an organism....
known commonly as 1080 which caused introduced/non native animal deaths from the 1840s in Western Australia. The controversy over the cause of the stock poisoning in that time involved the botanist James Drummond
James Drummond (botanist)
James Drummond was a botanist and naturalist who was an early settler in Western Australia.-Early life:...
in a series of tests to ascertain the exact cause of the poisoning - which was determined to be caused primarily by the plants York Road poison (G. calycinum) and Champion Bay poison (G. oxylobioides).
In the 1930s and 1940s C.A. Gardner
Charles Gardner
Charles Austin Gardner was a Western Australian botanist.Born in Lancaster, England on 6 January 1896, he emigrated to Western Australia with his family in 1909....
and H.W. Bennetts
Harold William Bennetts
Harold William Bennetts CBE was a Veterinary surgeon known for his ground-breaking research into diseases and pathogens of livestock, especially the toxic effects of some native Australian plants.Born in Carlton, Victoria...
did considerable work identifying other species in Western Australia - leading to the publication of The Toxic Plants of Western Australia in 1956.
Species
The genus Jansonia as well as Nemcia and Brachysema were incorporated into Gastrolobium in the publication of Chandler et al.'s monograph in 2002. Also since initial descriptions in the 1840s - some of the species have been described initially as Gastrolobium, then Oxylobium and back to Gastrolobium. Species (with common names in bold) include the following:- Gastrolobium acrocaroli Crisp ms
- Gastrolobium aculeatum
- Gastrolobium acutum
- Gastrolobium alternifolium
- Gastrolobium appressum C.A. Gardner Scaleleaf poison
- Gastrolobium bennettsianum C.A. Gardner Cluster poison
- Gastrolobium bilobumGastrolobium bilobumGastrolobium bilobum, commonly known as Heart-leaved Poison, is a bushy shrub which is endemic to south west Western Australia. The species is a member of the family Fabaceae and is probably the most toxic species in the genus Gastrolobium, containing high levels of monofluroacetic acid.The...
R.Br Heart-leaf poison - Gastrolobium bracteolosum
- Gastrolobium brevipes Crisp
- Gastrolobium brownii Meisn
- Gastrolobium callistachys Meisn. Rock poison
- Gastrolobium calycinum Benth. York Road poison
- Gastrolobium celsianumGastrolobium celsianumGastrolobium celsianum, also known as Swan River Pea, is a low-growing shrub which is endemic to south west of Western Australia....
(Lemaire) G.Chandler & Crisp Swan River pea - Gastrolobium congestum Crisp ms
- Gastrolobium crassifolium Benth. Thickleaf poison
- Gastrolobium crenulatum
- Gastrolobium crispatum
- Gastrolobium cruciatum
- Gastrolobium cuneatum Henfr.
- Gastrolobium cyanophyllum
- Gastrolobium densifolium C.A. Gardner Mallet poison
- Gastrolobium diablophyllum G. Chandler and Crisp ms
- Gastrolobium dilatatum
- Gastrolobium discolor
- Gastrolobium dorrienii
- Gastrolobium ebracteolatum
- Gastrolobium effusum
- Gastrolobium elegans
- Gastrolobium epacridoides
- Gastrolobium ferrugineum
- Gastrolobium floribundum S. Moore Wodjil poison
- Gastrolobium forrestii River poison
- Gastrolobium glabratum Crisp ms
- Gastrolobium glaucum C.A. Gardner Spike poison
- Gastrolobium grandiflorumGastrolobium grandiflorumGastrolobium grandiflorum, commonly known as Wallflower Poison, Wallflower Poison Bush or Heart-leaf Poison Bush, is a bushy shrub which is endemic to Australia....
F.Muell Wallflower poison - Gastrolobium graniticum (S. Moore) Crisp Granite poison
- Gastrolobium hamulosum Meisn. Hook Point poison
- Gastrolobium heterophyllum (Turcz.) Crisp Slender poison
- Gastrolobium hians Crisp ms
- Gastrolobium hookeri
- Gastrolobium humile
- Gastrolobium involutum
- Gastrolobium latifolium
- Gastrolobium laytonii Jean White Breelya Kite Leaf
- Gastrolobium lehmanniiGastrolobium lehmanniiGastrolobium lehmannii or Cranbrook Pea is a vulnerable shrub in the family Fabaceae which is endemic to an area of Western Australia.-Description:It is an erect domed shrub, growing to 1.5 m. high with soft hairy branches and oblong leaves...
Meisn. - Gastrolobium melanopetalumGastrolobium melanopetalumGastrolobium melanopetalum is a shrub in the family Fabaceae which is endemic to the south-west of Western Australia.-Description:The species is a shrub up to 3 metres in height. It has narrow-ovate leaves which are 1.4 to 6 cm long and 0.4 to 2 cm in length...
(F. Muell.) G.Chandler & Crisp - Gastrolobium minusGastrolobium minusGastrolobium minus, also known as Broad-leaved Brachysema, is a prostrate shrub which is endemic to the south-west of Western Australia...
(Crisp]]) G.Chandler & Crisp Broad-leaved Brachysema - Gastrolobium microcarpum Meisn. Sandplain poison
- Gastrolobium nutans G. Chandler & Crisp ms
- Gastrolobium ovalifolium Henfr. Runner poison
- Gastrolobium oxylobioides Benth. Champion Bay poison
- Gastrolobium parvifolium (Benth.) Crisp Box poison
- Gastrolobium parvifolium (Benth.) Crisp var. parvifolium ms
- Gastrolobium parvifolium Benth. Berry poison
- Gastrolobium polystchyum Meisn. Horned poison, (Hill-river poison)
- Gastrolobium praemorsumGastrolobium praemorsumGastrolobium praemorsum is a scrambling shrub which is endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. It is a member of the family Fabaceae and produces red pea-flowers from late winter to early summer...
(Meisn.) G.Chandler & Crisp - Gastrolobium propinquumGastrolobium propinquumGastrolobium propinquum is a shrub in the Fabaceae family, endemic to regions in Southwest Australia, which is toxic to many animals. It has been given the common name Hutt River poison.-Description:...
C.A. Gardner Hutt River poison - Gastrolobium pusillum Crisp & PH Weston
- Gastrolobium pycnostachyum Benth. Mt Ragged poison, Round-leaf poison
- Gastrolobium pyramidalum
- Gastrolobium racemosum (Turcz.) Crisp Net-leaf poison
- Gastrolobium reflexum G. Chandler ms
- Gastrolobium revolutum Crisp ms
- Gastrolobium rigidum (C.A. Gardiner) Crisp Rigid leaf poison
- Gastrolobium rotundifolium Meisn. Gilbernine poison
- Gastrolobium rubrumGastrolobium rubrumGastrolobium rubrum is a shrub in the family Fabaceae. It is endemic to the south west of Western Australia.The species grows up to 1.5 metres high and produces red flowers which appear between September and October in the species native range....
Benth. - Gastrolobium semiteres Crisp ms
- Gastrolobium sp. East Peak (E.D. Middleton EDM 43)
- Gastrolobium sericeumGastrolobium sericeumGastrolobium sericeum is a shrub in the family Fabaceae. It is endemic to the south-west of Western Australia.-Description:The species is low growing, either being prostrate or growing up to 1 metre in height. Yellow or green pea-flowers are produced from early spring to early summer...
(Sm.) G.Chandler & Crisp - Gastrolobium spathulatum
- Gastrolobium spectabile (Endl.) Crisp Roe's poison
- Gastrolobium spinosumGastrolobium spinosumGastrolobium spinosum, also known as Prickly Poison, is a shrub in the family Fabaceae. It is endemic to the Southwest AustraliaThe species ranges from 0.3 to 3.5 metres in height. It has leaves with spiky, dentate margins and a long, tapering, pointed apex. The pea flowers are yellow to orange ...
Benth. Prickly poison - Gastrolobium spinosum Benth. var. spinosum
- Gastrolobium spinosum Benth. var. trilobum S. Moore
- Gastrolobium stenophyllum Turcz. Narrow-leaved poison
- Gastrolobium stowardii
- Gastrolobium subcordatum
- Gastrolobium tenue Crisp ms
- Gastrolobium tergiversum
- Gastrolobium tetragonophyllum {E.Pritz.) Crisp Brother-brother
- Gastrolobium tomentosum C.A. Gardner Wooly poison
- Gastrolobium triangulare(Benth.) Domin
- Gastrolobium tricuspidatum
- Gastrolobium trilobum Benth. Bullock poison
- Gastrolobium truncatum Benth.
- Gastrolobium velutinum Lindl. Stirling Range poison
- Gastrolobium venulosum
- Gastrolobium vestitum
- Gastrolobium villosum Crinkle-leaf poison
- Gastrolobium whicherensis
- Gastrolobium wonganensis
- Gastrolobium villosum Benth. Crinkle-leaved poison
See also
- The Western Australian Flora - A Descriptive CatalogueThe Western Australian Flora - A Descriptive CatalogueThe Western Australian Flora – A Descriptive Catalogue was published by the Wildflower Society of Western Australia, the Western Australian Herbarium,CALM, and the Botanic Gardens and Parks Authority of Perth, Western Australia....
- Western Shield#Conservation practices
External links
Further reading
- Gardner, C.A.Charles GardnerCharles Austin Gardner was a Western Australian botanist.Born in Lancaster, England on 6 January 1896, he emigrated to Western Australia with his family in 1909....
and Bennetts, H.W. (1956) The Toxic Plants of Western Australia Perth, West Australian Newspapers. - Seawright, A.A. (1982) Animal Health in Australia. Volume 2. Chemical and Plant Poisons Canberaa Australian Government Publishing Service ISBN 0-642-06577-2 - pp. 43–45 Flouracetates