Garmian
Encyclopedia
Garmian, is a historical region around the city of Kirkuk
in northern Iraq. It is located at southeast of the Little Zab
, southwest of the mountains of Shahrazor, northeast of the Tigris
and the Jabal Hamrin, although sometimes including parts of southwest of the Jabal Hamrin, and northwest of the Sirwan River
.
.
In the Parthian
and Sassanid eras Garmian or as it was called back then 'Garmakan' was a small kingdom, centered at the city of Karkheni (later known as Kirkuk
). This kingdom bordered Sharazor
to the east and Nodardashiragan to the north. At the end of the Parthian era it was combined with Sharazor and the king ruled it named Yazdan Kard (meaning Servant of God in Kurdish). It was conquered by Arab general Utba bin Farqad Al-Salami
in 7th century AD.
centered at Karkha D'Beth Slokh (Kirkuk
), It had a substantial Nestorian Assyrian
population until the fourteenth century when the region was zonquered by Timurlane.
Kirkuk
Kirkuk is a city in Iraq and the capital of Kirkuk Governorate.It is located in the Iraqi governorate of Kirkuk, north of the capital, Baghdad...
in northern Iraq. It is located at southeast of the Little Zab
Little Zab
The Little Zab , , ) originates in Iran and joins the Tigris in Iraq. The river is approximately long and drains an area of c. . The river is fed by rainfall and snowmelt, resulting in a peak discharge in spring and low water in summer and early fall...
, southwest of the mountains of Shahrazor, northeast of the Tigris
Tigris
The Tigris River is the eastern member of the two great rivers that define Mesopotamia, the other being the Euphrates. The river flows south from the mountains of southeastern Turkey through Iraq.-Geography:...
and the Jabal Hamrin, although sometimes including parts of southwest of the Jabal Hamrin, and northwest of the Sirwan River
Diyala River
The Diyala River after Darban-e Khan Dam:Kurdish: Sirwan, سيروان, , Persian: سیروان دیاله, is a river and tributary of the Tigris that runs mainly through Eastern Iraq but also Western Iran. It covers a total distance of ....
.
Etymology
The name "Beth Garmai" or "Beth Garme" is of Syriac origin which meaning "the house of bones", which is thought to be a reference to bones of slaughtered Achaemenids after a decisive battle between Alexander the Great and Darius III on the plains between the Upper Zab and Diyala riverDiyala River
The Diyala River after Darban-e Khan Dam:Kurdish: Sirwan, سيروان, , Persian: سیروان دیاله, is a river and tributary of the Tigris that runs mainly through Eastern Iraq but also Western Iran. It covers a total distance of ....
.
In the Parthian
Parthian Empire
The Parthian Empire , also known as the Arsacid Empire , was a major Iranian political and cultural power in ancient Persia...
and Sassanid eras Garmian or as it was called back then 'Garmakan' was a small kingdom, centered at the city of Karkheni (later known as Kirkuk
Kirkuk
Kirkuk is a city in Iraq and the capital of Kirkuk Governorate.It is located in the Iraqi governorate of Kirkuk, north of the capital, Baghdad...
). This kingdom bordered Sharazor
Sharazor
Sharazor was the name of a Sassanid district , Kurdish kingdom, Ottoman vilayet and finally a Sanjak of Mosul vilayet situated to the southern and eastern part of what is now known as Iraqi Kurdistan....
to the east and Nodardashiragan to the north. At the end of the Parthian era it was combined with Sharazor and the king ruled it named Yazdan Kard (meaning Servant of God in Kurdish). It was conquered by Arab general Utba bin Farqad Al-Salami
Utba bin Farqad Al-Salami
Utba bin Farqad Al-Salami was a General under Muslim Caliph Umar ibn al-Khattab. He is primarily known as the leader of the Muslim Army that conquered the city of Mosul from Sassanid Persia in 637....
in 7th century AD.
History
The region was a prosperous metropolitan provinceBeth Garmaï (East Syrian Ecclesiastical Province)
The region of Beth Garmai in southern Iraq, bounded by the Little Zab and Diyala Rivers and centered on the town of Karka d'Beth Slokh , was a metropolitan province of the Church of the East between the fifth and fourteenth centuries...
centered at Karkha D'Beth Slokh (Kirkuk
Kirkuk
Kirkuk is a city in Iraq and the capital of Kirkuk Governorate.It is located in the Iraqi governorate of Kirkuk, north of the capital, Baghdad...
), It had a substantial Nestorian Assyrian
Assyrian people
The Assyrian people are a distinct ethnic group whose origins lie in ancient Mesopotamia...
population until the fourteenth century when the region was zonquered by Timurlane.
See also
- Beth Garmaï (East Syrian Ecclesiastical Province)Beth Garmaï (East Syrian Ecclesiastical Province)The region of Beth Garmai in southern Iraq, bounded by the Little Zab and Diyala Rivers and centered on the town of Karka d'Beth Slokh , was a metropolitan province of the Church of the East between the fifth and fourteenth centuries...
- List of Kurdish dynasties and countries
- SharazorSharazorSharazor was the name of a Sassanid district , Kurdish kingdom, Ottoman vilayet and finally a Sanjak of Mosul vilayet situated to the southern and eastern part of what is now known as Iraqi Kurdistan....