GATA2
Encyclopedia
GATA binding protein 2, also known as GATA2, is a human gene
. The protein
encoded by this gene is a transcription factor
.
The GATA family of transcription factors, which contain zinc finger
s in their DNA binding domain, have emerged as candidate regulators of gene expression
in hematopoietic
cells. GATA1
is essential for normal primitive and definitive erythropoiesis
and is expressed at high levels in erythroid cell
s, mast cell
s, and megakaryocyte
s. GATA2 is expressed in hematopoietic progenitors, including early erythroid cells, mast cells, and megakaryocytes, and also in nonhematopoietic embryonic stem cell
s. In chicken erythroid progenitors, forced expression of GATA2 promotes proliferation at the expense of differentiation. GATA3
expression is restricted to T-lymphoid cell
s and some nonhematopoietic cell types, including embryonic stem cells.
with Pituitary-specific positive transcription factor 1
, HDAC3
, Zinc finger and BTB domain-containing protein 16
, LMO2
, Promyelocytic leukemia protein
and SPI1
.
Syndrome.
Gene
A gene is a molecular unit of heredity of a living organism. It is a name given to some stretches of DNA and RNA that code for a type of protein or for an RNA chain that has a function in the organism. Living beings depend on genes, as they specify all proteins and functional RNA chains...
. The protein
Protein
Proteins are biochemical compounds consisting of one or more polypeptides typically folded into a globular or fibrous form, facilitating a biological function. A polypeptide is a single linear polymer chain of amino acids bonded together by peptide bonds between the carboxyl and amino groups of...
encoded by this gene is a transcription factor
Transcription factor
In molecular biology and genetics, a transcription factor is a protein that binds to specific DNA sequences, thereby controlling the flow of genetic information from DNA to mRNA...
.
The GATA family of transcription factors, which contain zinc finger
Zinc finger
Zinc fingers are small protein structural motifs that can coordinate one or more zinc ions to help stabilize their folds. They can be classified into several different structural families and typically function as interaction modules that bind DNA, RNA, proteins, or small molecules...
s in their DNA binding domain, have emerged as candidate regulators of gene expression
Gene expression
Gene expression is the process by which information from a gene is used in the synthesis of a functional gene product. These products are often proteins, but in non-protein coding genes such as ribosomal RNA , transfer RNA or small nuclear RNA genes, the product is a functional RNA...
in hematopoietic
Haematopoiesis
Haematopoiesis is the formation of blood cellular components. All cellular blood components are derived from haematopoietic stem cells...
cells. GATA1
GATA1
Erythroid transcription factor also known as GATA-binding factor 1 or GATA-1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GATA1 gene....
is essential for normal primitive and definitive erythropoiesis
Erythropoiesis
Erythropoiesis is the process by which red blood cells are produced. It is stimulated by decreased O2 in circulation, which is detected by the kidneys, which then secrete the hormone erythropoietin...
and is expressed at high levels in erythroid cell
Red blood cell
Red blood cells are the most common type of blood cell and the vertebrate organism's principal means of delivering oxygen to the body tissues via the blood flow through the circulatory system...
s, mast cell
Mast cell
A mast cell is a resident cell of several types of tissues and contains many granules rich in histamine and heparin...
s, and megakaryocyte
Megakaryocyte
The megakaryocyte is a bone marrow cell responsible for the production of blood thrombocytes , which are necessary for normal blood clotting...
s. GATA2 is expressed in hematopoietic progenitors, including early erythroid cells, mast cells, and megakaryocytes, and also in nonhematopoietic embryonic stem cell
Stem cell
This article is about the cell type. For the medical therapy, see Stem Cell TreatmentsStem cells are biological cells found in all multicellular organisms, that can divide and differentiate into diverse specialized cell types and can self-renew to produce more stem cells...
s. In chicken erythroid progenitors, forced expression of GATA2 promotes proliferation at the expense of differentiation. GATA3
GATA3
Trans-acting T-cell-specific transcription factor GATA-3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GATA3 gene.GATA-3 belongs to the GATA family of transcription factors. The protein contains two GATA-type zinc fingers and is an important regulator of T cell development and plays an important...
expression is restricted to T-lymphoid cell
T cell
T cells or T lymphocytes belong to a group of white blood cells known as lymphocytes, and play a central role in cell-mediated immunity. They can be distinguished from other lymphocytes, such as B cells and natural killer cells , by the presence of a T cell receptor on the cell surface. They are...
s and some nonhematopoietic cell types, including embryonic stem cells.
Interactions
GATA2 has been shown to interactProtein-protein interaction
Protein–protein interactions occur when two or more proteins bind together, often to carry out their biological function. Many of the most important molecular processes in the cell such as DNA replication are carried out by large molecular machines that are built from a large number of protein...
with Pituitary-specific positive transcription factor 1
Pituitary-specific positive transcription factor 1
POU domain, class 1, transcription factor 1 , also known as POU1F1, is a transcription factor for growth hormone.-Interactions:...
, HDAC3
HDAC3
Histone deacetylase 3 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the HDAC3 gene.-Interactions:HDAC3 has been shown to interact with HDAC9, HDAC7A, Retinoblastoma protein, RBBP4, Testicular receptor 2, MAP3K7IP2, Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta, GTF2I, Histone deacetylase 5, RELA,...
, Zinc finger and BTB domain-containing protein 16
Zinc finger and BTB domain-containing protein 16
Zinc finger and BTB domain-containing protein 16 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ZBTB16 gene.-Function:This gene is a member of the Krueppel C2H2-type zinc-finger protein family and encodes a zinc finger transcription factor that contains nine Kruppel-type zinc finger domains at the...
, LMO2
LMO2
LIM domain only 2 , also known as LMO2, is a protein which in humans is encoded by the LMO2 gene.- Function :LMO2 encodes a cysteine-rich, two LIM domain protein that is required for yolk sac erythropoiesis. The LMO2 protein has a central and crucial role in hematopoietic development and is highly...
, Promyelocytic leukemia protein
Promyelocytic leukemia protein
Probable transcription factor PML is a tumor suppressor protein that in humans is encoded by the PML gene.-Interactions:Promyelocytic leukemia protein has been shown to interact with Retinoic acid receptor alpha, HDAC1, Nerve Growth factor IB, SKI protein, Zinc finger and BTB domain-containing...
and SPI1
SPI1
Transcription factor PU.1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SPI1 gene.-Interactions:SPI1 has been shown to interact with NONO, GATA2, FUS and IRF4.-See also:*Invasion gene associated RNA , a ncRNA located in the SPI-1 region...
.
Genetic Disorders
Multiple mutations on GATA2 gene have been recently implicated as the cause of primary immunodeficiency in patients with MonoMACMonoMAC
The autosomal dominant syndrome associated with monocytopenia, B and NK cell lymphopenia and mycobacterial, fungal and viral infections is a rare genetic disorder first described by Vihn and colleagues in 2010 and is associated with myelodysplasia, cytogenetic abnormalities, pulmonary alveolar...
Syndrome.