Fushun
Encyclopedia
Fushun is a city in Liaoning
, China
, about 45 km east from Shenyang
, with a population about 2,138 090 inhabitants at the 2010 census and an area of 11,271 km2, including 713 km2 of the city proper. Fushun is situated on the Hun He
("muddy river"). It was formerly called Fouchouen in French. The film The Lover
starring Tony Leung Ka Fai described a love story between a young French woman and a young man from Fouchouen. The city was occupied by Russia until 1905 and by Japan until 1945.
Fushun is a highly industrialized area. It has developed as a thriving center for fuel, power and raw materials but is also offering more and more opportunities in textiles and electronics. It is connected by rail with nearby Shenyang and with Dalian. The world's largest artificial pit, known as the Magnificent West Pit, is located not far from the downtown. It is an open-pit coal mine, being in operation since about the 12th century. Fushun has a major aluminum-reduction plant and factories making automobiles, machinery, chemicals, cement, and rubber.
- Fushun
the 8th built up area in China after Pearl River Delta city (including Guangzhou
, Shenzhen
, Dongguan
, Foshan
, Jiangmen
, Zhongshan
and Huizou built up areas), Shanghai
- Suzhou
, Beijing
, Tianjin
, Hangzhou
- Shaoxing
, Wuhan
and Nanjing
.
Fushun is known as "the capital of coal". The main coal and oil shale company is Fushun Mining Group, which produces about 6 million tons of coal per year, mainly blending coking coal and steam coal. The company has also coalbed methane
resources around of 8.9 billion cubic meters. In addition, it owns geological reserve for high grade oil shale about 3.5 billion tons
, of which exploitable reserve is 920 million tons.
, who was a soldier enshrined in new China history after 1949, died in this city. There is a memorial park named after him in Fushun's Wanghua District.
Li Xianglan, also known as Yoshiko Otaka or Shirley Yamaguchi, was a famous China-born ethnic Japanese singer and movie star from the 1930s.
Wang Nan, famous table-tennis sportswoman, who has won many gold medals in the world.
Sawyer Teng, a famous English blogger with the pen name XiLing. He won a couple of national English speaking titles in China too and used to be professional footballer in Fushun.
Puyi
, the last Emperor of China
, spent ten years in a Fushun War Criminals Management Centre
.
, ranked 123rd in China overall.
Fushun No.2 High School and Fushun No.1 High School are best High Schools in Liaoning Province.
Requirements for post-secondary schools are very high. Students are expected to pass a certain grade minimum to continue pursuing individual careers.
In 1928, the commercial-scale production of shale oil
began in Fushun with the construction of the "南满铁道株式会社抚顺炭矿临时制油工场建设事务所",aka, "西制油“，(”western refinery“), operating Fushun-type retorts. After World War II, shale oil production ceased, but 100 Fushun-type oil shale retorts and the related shale oil processing units were restored in 1949. In 1950,a total of 266 retorts were in operation, each with the capacity of 100–200 tonnes shale oil per day. In 1954, the "Refinery No. 2" began its production and in 1959, maximum annual shale oil production increased to 780,000 tonnes.
From 1965 oil shale usage in Fushun started to decline. With the discovery of Da Qing oil field in 1960s, Sinopec
, a shale oil producer during these times, shut down its oil shale operations in the beginning of the 1990s. At the same time, the Fushun Oil Shale Retorting Plant was established as a part of the Fushun Mining Group
. It started production in 1992. In the same year,the China National Oil Shale Association was established in Fushun.
At the end of 2006, the Fushun Mining Group operated the largest shale oil plant in the world consisting of seven retorting units with 20 retorts in each unit, total 140 sets of Fushun type retort.
There are also two oil refineries. Fushun Petrochemical Company
, a subsidiary of PetroChina
, is building a refining and petrochemical complex in Fushun.
There are a number of historic and cultural sites within the area. Fushun's recent success in applying for two World Heritage sites will surely attract more tourists. Within Fushun is the origin of the Qing Dynasty, at a site known as Xingjing City. It was the first capital of the Late Jin dynasty dating to 1616. Beside the ancient city are the Yongling tombs containing several members of the royal household. Both of these are now UNESCO listed.
In more recent times, Fushun was where Lei Feng
was stationed as a soldier and died, and a memorial museum telling his life story is a poplar attraction. It was also in Fushun that the last emperor, Puyi
, was imprisoned after the end of the second world war. The prison building is now converted into a museum. Another war memorial, the Pingdingshan Tragedy Memorial Hall Ruins tells the story of a massacre of Chinese people by the Japanese in 1931.It was rebuilt in2007 and the size of this memorial was expanded.You can see a pit full of about 800 bodies.All these victims including infants,adults,old people were cruelly killed by Japanese.
, where it now plays out of Chaolai Soccer Base in the northeastern part of that city.
Also there is a superior table tennis sports woman, Wang Nan, who is among the top in the world.
Liaoning
' is a province of the People's Republic of China, located in the northeast of the country. Its one-character abbreviation is "辽" , a name taken from the Liao River that flows through the province. "Níng" means "peace"...
, China
China
Chinese civilization may refer to:* China for more general discussion of the country.* Chinese culture* Greater China, the transnational community of ethnic Chinese.* History of China* Sinosphere, the area historically affected by Chinese culture...
, about 45 km east from Shenyang
Shenyang
Shenyang , or Mukden , is the capital and largest city of Liaoning Province in Northeast China. Currently holding sub-provincial administrative status, the city was once known as Shengjing or Fengtianfu...
, with a population about 2,138 090 inhabitants at the 2010 census and an area of 11,271 km2, including 713 km2 of the city proper. Fushun is situated on the Hun He
Hun River
The Hun He is a river in Liaoning Province, China, and one of the tributaries of the Liao River. The Hun river was formerly known as Shen River . Several major cities are located on the Hun He , including the provincial capital Shenyang and Fushun....
("muddy river"). It was formerly called Fouchouen in French. The film The Lover
The Lover (film)
- Production :While adapting the Marguerite Duras novel into the film's screenplay, director Jean-Jacques Annaud and fellow writer Gérard Brach changed the age of "The Girl" from 15½ to 17, but tried to maintain the original structure and literary tone of the original novel. As with the Duras...
starring Tony Leung Ka Fai described a love story between a young French woman and a young man from Fouchouen. The city was occupied by Russia until 1905 and by Japan until 1945.
Fushun is a highly industrialized area. It has developed as a thriving center for fuel, power and raw materials but is also offering more and more opportunities in textiles and electronics. It is connected by rail with nearby Shenyang and with Dalian. The world's largest artificial pit, known as the Magnificent West Pit, is located not far from the downtown. It is an open-pit coal mine, being in operation since about the 12th century. Fushun has a major aluminum-reduction plant and factories making automobiles, machinery, chemicals, cement, and rubber.
Population
Fushun has 2.14 million inhabitants, including 1.34 million in the urban area. It's now part of Shenyang - Fushun built up area (all urban and suburban districts of Shenyang and Fushun) which is home to 6,756,379 inhabitants in 2010. This makes ShenyangShenyang
Shenyang , or Mukden , is the capital and largest city of Liaoning Province in Northeast China. Currently holding sub-provincial administrative status, the city was once known as Shengjing or Fengtianfu...
- Fushun
Fushun
Fushun is a city in Liaoning, China, about 45 km east from Shenyang, with a population about 2,138 090 inhabitants at the 2010 census and an area of 11,271 km2, including 713 km2 of the city proper. Fushun is situated on the Hun He . It was formerly called Fouchouen in French...
the 8th built up area in China after Pearl River Delta city (including Guangzhou
Guangzhou
Guangzhou , known historically as Canton or Kwangchow, is the capital and largest city of the Guangdong province in the People's Republic of China. Located in southern China on the Pearl River, about north-northwest of Hong Kong, Guangzhou is a key national transportation hub and trading port...
, Shenzhen
Shenzhen
Shenzhen is a major city in the south of Southern China's Guangdong Province, situated immediately north of Hong Kong. The area became China's first—and one of the most successful—Special Economic Zones...
, Dongguan
Dongguan
Dongguan is a prefecture-level city in central Guangdong province, People's Republic of China.An important industrial city located in the Pearl River Delta, Dongguan borders the provincial capital of Guangzhou to the north, Huizhou to the northeast, Shenzhen to the south, and the Pearl River to...
, Foshan
Foshan
Foshan is a city in central Guangdong province in southern China. The prefectural area under the city's jurisdiction over an area of about 3,840 km² and a population of 5.4 million of which 1.1 million reside in the city proper ....
, Jiangmen
Jiangmen
Jiangmen , is a prefecture-level city in Guangdong province in southern China with a population of about 4.48 million in 2010. The 3 urban districts are now part of Guangzhou - Shenzhen built up area.-Names:...
, Zhongshan
Zhongshan
Zhongshan , also spelled Chungshan and historically known as Xiangshan or Siangshan, is a prefecture-level city in the south of the Pearl River Delta in Guangdong province in southern China. Zhongshan, one of the few cities in China with an eponymous name, is named after Dr. Sun Yat-sen who was...
and Huizou built up areas), Shanghai
Shanghai
Shanghai is the largest city by population in China and the largest city proper in the world. It is one of the four province-level municipalities in the People's Republic of China, with a total population of over 23 million as of 2010...
- Suzhou
Suzhou
Suzhou , previously transliterated as Su-chou, Suchow, and Soochow, is a major city located in the southeast of Jiangsu Province in Eastern China, located adjacent to Shanghai Municipality. The city is situated on the lower reaches of the Yangtze River and on the shores of Taihu Lake and is a part...
, Beijing
Beijing
Beijing , also known as Peking , is the capital of the People's Republic of China and one of the most populous cities in the world, with a population of 19,612,368 as of 2010. The city is the country's political, cultural, and educational center, and home to the headquarters for most of China's...
, Tianjin
Tianjin
' is a metropolis in northern China and one of the five national central cities of the People's Republic of China. It is governed as a direct-controlled municipality, one of four such designations, and is, thus, under direct administration of the central government...
, Hangzhou
Hangzhou
Hangzhou , formerly transliterated as Hangchow, is the capital and largest city of Zhejiang Province in Eastern China. Governed as a sub-provincial city, and as of 2010, its entire administrative division or prefecture had a registered population of 8.7 million people...
- Shaoxing
Shaoxing
Shaoxing is a prefecture-level city in northeastern Zhejiang province, People's Republic of China. Located on the south bank of the Qiantang River estuary, it borders Ningbo to the east, Taizhou to the southeast, Jinhua to the southwest, and Hangzhou to the west. It was once known as "越"...
, Wuhan
Wuhan
Wuhan is the capital of Hubei province, People's Republic of China, and is the most populous city in Central China. It lies at the east of the Jianghan Plain, and the intersection of the middle reaches of the Yangtze and Han rivers...
and Nanjing
Nanjing
' is the capital of Jiangsu province in China and has a prominent place in Chinese history and culture, having been the capital of China on several occasions...
.
Administrative divisions
Fushun consists of 4 districts, 1 county and 2 autonomous counties.| Map | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| # | Name | Hanzi | Hanyu Pinyin | Population (2003 est.) | Area (km²) | Density (/km²) |
| 1 | Shuncheng District Shuncheng District Shuncheng District , is one of the four districts under the administration of Fushun City, in Liaoning Province, China. It has a population of about 420,000, covering an area of .-Administrative Divisions:... |
顺城区 | Shùnchéng Qū | 400,000 | 277 | 1,444 |
| 2 | Xinfu District Xinfu District, Fushun Xinfu District , is one of the four districts under the administration of Fushun City, in Liaoning Province, China. It has a population of about 290,000, covering an area of .-Administrative Divisions:There are 6 subdistricts within the district.... |
新抚区 | Xīnfǔ Qū | 290,000 | 30 | 9,667 |
| 3 | Dongzhou District Dongzhou District Dongzhou District , is one of the four districts under the administration of Fushun City, in Liaoning province, People's Republic of China. It has a population of about 355,000, covering an area of .-Administrative Divisions:... |
东洲区 | Dōngzhōu Qū | 350,000 | 192 | 1,823 |
| 4 | Wanghua District Wanghua District Wanghua District , is one of the four districts under the administration of the city of Fushun, Liaoning province, People's Republic of China. It has a population of about 341,000, covering an area of .-Administrative Divisions:... |
望花区 | Wànghuā Qū | 370,000 | 214 | 1,729 |
| 5 | Fushun County Fushun County, Liaoning Fushun County , is one of the three counties under the administration of Fushun City, in the east of Liaoning province in Northeast China. It has a population of about 220,000, covering an area of .-Administrative Divisions:... |
抚顺县 | Fǔshùn Xiàn | 190,000 | 2,350 | 81 |
| 6 | Xinbin Manchu Xinbin Manchu Autonomous County Xinbin Manchu Autonomous County , or simply Xinbin County , is one of the three counties under the administration of Fushun City, in the east of Liaoning Province, Northeast China... Autonomous County Xinbin Manchu Autonomous County Xinbin Manchu Autonomous County , or simply Xinbin County , is one of the three counties under the administration of Fushun City, in the east of Liaoning Province, Northeast China... |
新宾满族自治县 | Xīnbīn Mǎnzú Zìzhìxiàn |
310,000 | 4,287 | 72 |
| 7 | Qingyuan Manchu Qingyuan Manchu Autonomous County Qingyuan Manchu Autonomous County , or simply Qingyuan County is one of the three counties under the administration of Fushun City, in the east of Liaoning Province, Northeast China... Autonomous County Qingyuan Manchu Autonomous County Qingyuan Manchu Autonomous County , or simply Qingyuan County is one of the three counties under the administration of Fushun City, in the east of Liaoning Province, Northeast China... |
清原满族自治县 | Qīngyuán Mǎnzú Zìzhìxiàn |
340,000 | 3,921 | 87 |
Communication and transport
Fushun is only 40 km away from Shenyang Taoxian airport. Railways and highways connect the city to Shenyang and Jilin Province. The seaports of Dalian and Yingkou are also located very close, 400 and 200 km away respectively, with good highway connections.Resources
Fushun is rich in many types of resources including wood, coal, oil shale, iron, copper, magnesium, gold, marble, titanium, and marl. Hydraulic and thermal power is also an important locally available resource.Fushun is known as "the capital of coal". The main coal and oil shale company is Fushun Mining Group, which produces about 6 million tons of coal per year, mainly blending coking coal and steam coal. The company has also coalbed methane
Coalbed methane
Coalbed methane or Coal Bed Methane, coalbed gas or coal mine methane is a form of natural gas extracted from coal beds. In recent decades it has become an important source of energy in United States, Canada, and other countries...
resources around of 8.9 billion cubic meters. In addition, it owns geological reserve for high grade oil shale about 3.5 billion tons
Tonne
The tonne, known as the metric ton in the US , often put pleonastically as "metric tonne" to avoid confusion with ton, is a metric system unit of mass equal to 1000 kilograms. The tonne is not an International System of Units unit, but is accepted for use with the SI...
, of which exploitable reserve is 920 million tons.
Notable figures
Lei FengLei Feng
Lei Feng was a soldier of the People's Liberation Army in the People's Republic of China. After his death, Lei was characterised as a selfless and modest person who was devoted to the Communist Party, Chairman Mao Zedong, and the people of China...
, who was a soldier enshrined in new China history after 1949, died in this city. There is a memorial park named after him in Fushun's Wanghua District.
Li Xianglan, also known as Yoshiko Otaka or Shirley Yamaguchi, was a famous China-born ethnic Japanese singer and movie star from the 1930s.
Wang Nan, famous table-tennis sportswoman, who has won many gold medals in the world.
Sawyer Teng, a famous English blogger with the pen name XiLing. He won a couple of national English speaking titles in China too and used to be professional footballer in Fushun.
Puyi
Puyi
Puyi , of the Manchu Aisin Gioro clan, was the last Emperor of China, and the twelfth and final ruler of the Qing Dynasty. He ruled as the Xuantong Emperor from 1908 until his abdication on 12 February 1912. From 1 to 12 July 1917 he was briefly restored to the throne as a nominal emperor by the...
, the last Emperor of China
Emperor of China
The Emperor of China refers to any sovereign of Imperial China reigning between the founding of Qin Dynasty of China, united by the King of Qin in 221 BCE, and the fall of Yuan Shikai's Empire of China in 1916. When referred to as the Son of Heaven , a title that predates the Qin unification, the...
, spent ten years in a Fushun War Criminals Management Centre
Fushun War Criminals Management Centre
Fushun War Criminals Management Centre , also known as Liaodong No. 3 Prison or Liaoning No. 3 Prison was the site of the re-education of Manchuko, Kuomintang and Japanese prisoners of war, held by China from 1950 onwards. It was located in the Xinfu District of Fushun city, Liaoning Province,...
.
Education
The highest-ranked institution of higher education is the Liaoning University of Petroleum and Chemical TechnologyLiaoning University of Petroleum and Chemical Technology
Liaoning University of Petroleum and Chemical Technology is a university in Fushun, Liaoning, People's Republic of China under the provincial government, it ranked 123rd in China overall. It was first founded in 1950 at Dalian, which is the first petroleum and chemical technology university of...
, ranked 123rd in China overall.
Fushun No.2 High School and Fushun No.1 High School are best High Schools in Liaoning Province.
Requirements for post-secondary schools are very high. Students are expected to pass a certain grade minimum to continue pursuing individual careers.
Economy
Statistically, the total GDP of the city of Fushun is 54.27 Billion yuan in year 2009 (ranked 4th out of the 58 cities and counties in Liaoning province). The GDP per capita of the city of Fushun is 40391 yuan in 2009. (ranked 21st out of all 58 cities and counties in Liaoning province).Industrial development
Fushun has developed through the utilization of the abundant natural mineral deposits found in the area and is a nationally important heavy industrial base for petroleum, chemical, metallurgy machinery and construction material industries. New sectors also becoming prominent are electronics, light industry, weaving and spinning.In 1928, the commercial-scale production of shale oil
Shale oil
Shale oil, known also as kerogen oil or oil-shale oil, is an unconventional oil produced from oil shale by pyrolysis, hydrogenation, or thermal dissolution. These processes convert the organic matter within the rock into synthetic oil and gas...
began in Fushun with the construction of the "南满铁道株式会社抚顺炭矿临时制油工场建设事务所",aka, "西制油“，(”western refinery“), operating Fushun-type retorts. After World War II, shale oil production ceased, but 100 Fushun-type oil shale retorts and the related shale oil processing units were restored in 1949. In 1950,a total of 266 retorts were in operation, each with the capacity of 100–200 tonnes shale oil per day. In 1954, the "Refinery No. 2" began its production and in 1959, maximum annual shale oil production increased to 780,000 tonnes.
From 1965 oil shale usage in Fushun started to decline. With the discovery of Da Qing oil field in 1960s, Sinopec
Sinopec
China Petroleum & Chemical Corporation Limited , or Sinopec Limited , is a majority owned subsidiary of state owned company Sinopec Group. Sinopec Limited is listed in Hong Kong and also trades in Shanghai and New York ....
, a shale oil producer during these times, shut down its oil shale operations in the beginning of the 1990s. At the same time, the Fushun Oil Shale Retorting Plant was established as a part of the Fushun Mining Group
Fushun Mining Group
The Fushun Mining Group is a large state-owned coal and oil shale company located in Fushun, Liaoning Province, China. The corporation consists of 35 companies with more than 40,000 employees. The main business includes: coal mining, oil shale processing, machinery and others...
. It started production in 1992. In the same year,the China National Oil Shale Association was established in Fushun.
At the end of 2006, the Fushun Mining Group operated the largest shale oil plant in the world consisting of seven retorting units with 20 retorts in each unit, total 140 sets of Fushun type retort.
There are also two oil refineries. Fushun Petrochemical Company
Fushun Petrochemical Company
Fushun Petrochemical Company is a refining and petrochemical division of PetroChina. It is located in Fushun, Liaoning province, northeastern China. It is a manufacturer of different petrochemical products, as also catalysts for oil processing and noble metal refining...
, a subsidiary of PetroChina
PetroChina
PetroChina Company Limited is a Chinese oil company and is the listed arm of state-owned China National Petroleum Corporation , headquartered in Dongcheng District, Beijing. It is China's biggest oil producer, and was the world's most valuable company by market value as of September 28th 2010...
, is building a refining and petrochemical complex in Fushun.
Tourism
Fushun is a famous tourist centre in Northeast China. With high mountains and thick woods giving 40% forest coverage, the city has a developed strong tourist industry. Houshi National Forest Park, about 55 km from Fushun city centre, is rated by the central government as an AAAA tourist attraction. Saer Hu Scenic Area covers some 268 square kilometres. Within this lies the 110 square kilometre, Dahuofang Reservoir, which is the largest man-made lake in Northeast China.There are a number of historic and cultural sites within the area. Fushun's recent success in applying for two World Heritage sites will surely attract more tourists. Within Fushun is the origin of the Qing Dynasty, at a site known as Xingjing City. It was the first capital of the Late Jin dynasty dating to 1616. Beside the ancient city are the Yongling tombs containing several members of the royal household. Both of these are now UNESCO listed.
In more recent times, Fushun was where Lei Feng
Lei Feng
Lei Feng was a soldier of the People's Liberation Army in the People's Republic of China. After his death, Lei was characterised as a selfless and modest person who was devoted to the Communist Party, Chairman Mao Zedong, and the people of China...
was stationed as a soldier and died, and a memorial museum telling his life story is a poplar attraction. It was also in Fushun that the last emperor, Puyi
Puyi
Puyi , of the Manchu Aisin Gioro clan, was the last Emperor of China, and the twelfth and final ruler of the Qing Dynasty. He ruled as the Xuantong Emperor from 1908 until his abdication on 12 February 1912. From 1 to 12 July 1917 he was briefly restored to the throne as a nominal emperor by the...
, was imprisoned after the end of the second world war. The prison building is now converted into a museum. Another war memorial, the Pingdingshan Tragedy Memorial Hall Ruins tells the story of a massacre of Chinese people by the Japanese in 1931.It was rebuilt in2007 and the size of this memorial was expanded.You can see a pit full of about 800 bodies.All these victims including infants,adults,old people were cruelly killed by Japanese.
Sports
It used to be home of the Chinese Super League (soccer) team of Liaoning FC at Leifeng Stadium, however the team could not afford rent at the Leifeng Stadium so it moved to BeijingBeijing
Beijing , also known as Peking , is the capital of the People's Republic of China and one of the most populous cities in the world, with a population of 19,612,368 as of 2010. The city is the country's political, cultural, and educational center, and home to the headquarters for most of China's...
, where it now plays out of Chaolai Soccer Base in the northeastern part of that city.
Also there is a superior table tennis sports woman, Wang Nan, who is among the top in the world.