Freital
Encyclopedia
Freital is the biggest town in the Sächsische Schweiz-Osterzgebirge
district, in the Free State of Saxony, Germany
. It is situated on the small river Weißeritz
, 8 km southwest of Dresden
.
in the Döhlen basin, in which the river Weißeritz
flows from south-west to north-east. The Windberg rises about 100 meters above the valley. The lowest point in the town is about 195 m above sea level, at the point where the Weißeritz enters the city of Dresden (Plauen district).
The two rivers Rote Weißeritz
and Wilde Weißeritz
unite in Hainsberg, a district of Freital. Other tributaries of the united Weißeritz in the territory of Freital are the Wiederitz, Poisenbach and smaller, mostly channeled waters like the Vorholzbach, Burgker Bach, the Birkigter Bach, the Somsdorfer Bach and the Weißiger Bach. There are no natural lakes, the mud pond near the garbage heap and the retention basin Zauckerode were constructed in the 20th century.
Geologically, the Döhlen basin is a Rotliegend
depression
that was formed at the end of the Carboniferous
period. It is located between the Elbe
zone and the Erzgebirge Gneiss
massif.
. Neighboring municipalities in Sächsische Schweiz-Osterzgebirge
are from the east and clockwise: Bannewitz
, Rabenau
, Höckendorf
, Tharandt
and Wilsdruff
.
The history of free valley is closely linked with the history of coal mining in Döhlener pool, the current open-Valley area.
First mentions There were 1549. The Elector mint Hans Biener Moritz received by the Duke of Saxony the privilege reduce coal. It is said that the coal discoveries have been more had known, but only a few farmers schürften just below the Earth's surface, to fuel for his own needs. The year 1571 was the first time in Burgk and 1574 in Potschappel coal dismantled. When the stocks were tilting, the shafts came into oblivion.
The year 1743 was a so-called coal mandate issued to the landowner rights to all of his land to schürfenden coal existed. Until the mid-18th Century founded approximately 30 small businesses, by their small size and experience despite great pressure of competition were performing.
This changed with the onset of industrialization. The Kingdom of Saxony wanted his share of it, and bought up 1822 all companies left the White Ritz. In the year 1799 the Leopold-Erbstolln, 1806 the Knights goods Zauckerode and Döhlen including the privilege to Potschappler coal fields. For the many small businesses has now created a large, the "Royal Saxon coal plant Zauckerode".
On the right side Weisseritzstrasse began the concentration of holdings until 1819, when Carl Friedrich August Krebß (later Freiherr von Burgk Dathe) new knights on Burgk landowners. He inherited five pits and bought surrounding coal fields. This, he founded the "Free Herrlich of Burgker coal and iron smelting works."
While this concentration continued rapid development of technology and the industry. The upswing was so enormous that the coal-mining of Plauen's plea for several decades, until about the 1870s, the technical and organizational terms at the head in Germany could stand. This led many technical innovations, such as the 1810 introduced "wet sieving Set" and 1820, the first steam engines.
1823 began in Burgk with the coking of the hitherto untapped coal, and from 1828 was the first gas produced. The year 1842 was the first high-Saxon coke oven in the Burgker ferrous metallurgical plants in operation. To the technically conditional large quantities of water from the pits out, water had to be Structures, said the Tiefe-Weißeritz-Stolln (1800-1838) and the depth Elbstolln (1817-1836).
On 2 August 1869 occurred in Neuhoffnungschacht the Burgker coal plants a firedamp explosion in which 276 miners died. At the blessing of God shaft near the mountain wind recalled a monument.
On 1 In October 1921, the places Deuben, Döhlen and Potschappel to a joint city together. Since no name of a community foundation for the city name was called, was a competition for the best name of the new town tendered. There were suggestions of names like "Deupodö-Stadt" (by Deuben, Potschappel and Döhlen), or "Dreistadt". Finally, the Döhlener community representatives Hermann Henker executioner named "Freital" (Free Valley), and this finally sat down.
1924 was by then the official capital of Dresden-old city belonging Freital.
Since the imperial period, the city developed into the Weimar period into a hotbed of social democracy. In the Weimar Republic was Freital the only city in Saxony with a Socialist mayor, because the Communists are not as strong as in the rest of Saxony were represented. The first mayor Clear Valley was Dr. Carl Wedderkopf. His term of office ran from 1921 until 1927. After he had Gustav Klimpel, also a Social Democrat, this office until 1933 inne. Almost one in ten citizens was a member of the SPD, for a wide range of clubs and leisure activities and Freital caused to a "welfare island", as it is nowhere else in the country was made. From 1933 to 1945, there were numerous resistance nests in Freital and surroundings. By the end of the Nazi era were back almost 3000 people in the SPD, and the SED achieved a clear majority in the first elections. The SED Regime has, however, the memory of that time completely overlaid, it was the SPD 1990 only 10% of the votes. Even by the Work Clubs shaped leisure culture is today in this form nothing more left.
Sächsische Schweiz-Osterzgebirge
Sächsische Schweiz-Osterzgebirge is a district in the Free State of Saxony, Germany. It is named after the mountain ranges Saxon Switzerland and Erzgebirge.- History :...
district, in the Free State of Saxony, Germany
Germany
Germany , officially the Federal Republic of Germany , is a federal parliamentary republic in Europe. The country consists of 16 states while the capital and largest city is Berlin. Germany covers an area of 357,021 km2 and has a largely temperate seasonal climate...
. It is situated on the small river Weißeritz
Weißeritz
The Weißeritz is a river in Saxony. The 12 km short left tributary of the Elbe runs through Freital and Dresden. Its name is derived from west Slavic bystrica . The official name of the river used in documents and hydrographic maps is Vereinigte Weißeritz...
, 8 km southwest of Dresden
Dresden
Dresden is the capital city of the Free State of Saxony in Germany. It is situated in a valley on the River Elbe, near the Czech border. The Dresden conurbation is part of the Saxon Triangle metropolitan area....
.
Geography
Freital lies south-west of DresdenDresden
Dresden is the capital city of the Free State of Saxony in Germany. It is situated in a valley on the River Elbe, near the Czech border. The Dresden conurbation is part of the Saxon Triangle metropolitan area....
in the Döhlen basin, in which the river Weißeritz
Weißeritz
The Weißeritz is a river in Saxony. The 12 km short left tributary of the Elbe runs through Freital and Dresden. Its name is derived from west Slavic bystrica . The official name of the river used in documents and hydrographic maps is Vereinigte Weißeritz...
flows from south-west to north-east. The Windberg rises about 100 meters above the valley. The lowest point in the town is about 195 m above sea level, at the point where the Weißeritz enters the city of Dresden (Plauen district).
The two rivers Rote Weißeritz
Rote Weißeritz
The Red Weißeritz is a river in Saxony that drains the eastern Ore Mountains. It is a right tributary of the Weißeritz and is 36.5 km long...
and Wilde Weißeritz
Wilde Weißeritz
The Wilde Weißeritz is a river in the Czech Republic and in Saxony which drains the eastern Ore Mountains. It is the longest tributary of the Weißeritz.The valley of the Wilde Weißeritz is almost free of settlements...
unite in Hainsberg, a district of Freital. Other tributaries of the united Weißeritz in the territory of Freital are the Wiederitz, Poisenbach and smaller, mostly channeled waters like the Vorholzbach, Burgker Bach, the Birkigter Bach, the Somsdorfer Bach and the Weißiger Bach. There are no natural lakes, the mud pond near the garbage heap and the retention basin Zauckerode were constructed in the 20th century.
Geologically, the Döhlen basin is a Rotliegend
Rotliegend
The Rotliegend or Rotliegendes is a lithostratigraphic unit of Cisuralian age that is found in the subsurface of large areas in western and central Europe. The Rotliegend mainly consists of sandstone layers...
depression
Depression (geology)
A depression in geology is a landform sunken or depressed below the surrounding area. Depressions may be formed by various mechanisms.Structural or tectonic related:...
that was formed at the end of the Carboniferous
Carboniferous
The Carboniferous is a geologic period and system that extends from the end of the Devonian Period, about 359.2 ± 2.5 Mya , to the beginning of the Permian Period, about 299.0 ± 0.8 Mya . The name is derived from the Latin word for coal, carbo. Carboniferous means "coal-bearing"...
period. It is located between the Elbe
Elbe
The Elbe is one of the major rivers of Central Europe. It rises in the Krkonoše Mountains of the northwestern Czech Republic before traversing much of Bohemia , then Germany and flowing into the North Sea at Cuxhaven, 110 km northwest of Hamburg...
zone and the Erzgebirge Gneiss
Gneiss
Gneiss is a common and widely distributed type of rock formed by high-grade regional metamorphic processes from pre-existing formations that were originally either igneous or sedimentary rocks.-Etymology:...
massif.
Neighboring municipalities
In the northeast Freital borders on the state capital DresdenDresden
Dresden is the capital city of the Free State of Saxony in Germany. It is situated in a valley on the River Elbe, near the Czech border. The Dresden conurbation is part of the Saxon Triangle metropolitan area....
. Neighboring municipalities in Sächsische Schweiz-Osterzgebirge
Sächsische Schweiz-Osterzgebirge
Sächsische Schweiz-Osterzgebirge is a district in the Free State of Saxony, Germany. It is named after the mountain ranges Saxon Switzerland and Erzgebirge.- History :...
are from the east and clockwise: Bannewitz
Bannewitz
Bannewitz is a municipality in the Sächsische Schweiz-Osterzgebirge district, in the Free State of Saxony, Germany. It is situated south of Dresden .- References :...
, Rabenau
Rabenau, Saxony
Rabenau is a town in the Sächsische Schweiz-Osterzgebirge district, in the Free State of Saxony, Germany. It is situated north of Dippoldiswalde, and southwest of Dresden .- References :...
, Höckendorf
Höckendorf
Höckendorf is a municipality in the Sächsische Schweiz-Osterzgebirge district, in Saxony, Germany.- References :...
, Tharandt
Tharandt
Tharandt is a municipality in Saxony, Germany, situated on the Weißeritz, 9 miles southwest of Dresden, on the Dresden-Reichenbach railway.It has a Protestant Church, a hydropathic establishment, and the oldest academy of forestry in Germany, founded by Heinrich Cotta in 1811 together with its...
and Wilsdruff
Wilsdruff
Wilsdruff is a town in the Sächsische Schweiz-Osterzgebirge, in the Free State of Saxony, Germany, with 13,743 inhabitants. It is situated 14 km west of Dresden . Near Wilsdruff there is a facility for high power broadcasting, the transmitter Wilsdruff....
.
Municipal subdivisions
- WeißigWeißig (Freital)Weißig is a municipal subdivision of Freital in Sächsische Schweiz-Osterzgebirge district. It consists of two other villages, Oberweißig and Unterweißig.- History :The village was first mentioned in 1235...
(with Oberweißig and Unterweißig) - WurgwitzWurgwitzWurgwitz is a district of the Saxon city Freital in Sächsische Schweiz-Osterzgebirge district.- Local level :Wurgwitz consists of three other villages:* Niederhermsdorf* Hammer* Kohlsdorf- History :...
(with Kohlsdorf, Niederhermsdorf and Hammer) - DeubenDeuben (Freital)Deuben is a municipal subdivision of Freital in Sächsische Schweiz-Osterzgebirge district. It consists of two other villages, Niederhäslich and Schweinsdorf.- History :...
(with Niederhäslich and Schweinsdorf) - Döhlen
- Potschappel (with Niederpesterwitz)
- Hainsberg (with Coßmannsdorf and Eckersdorf)
- Kleinnaundorf
- Burgk
- Birkigt
- Zauckerode
- Saalhausen
- Pesterwitz
- SomsdorfSomsdorfSomsdorf is a municipal subdivision of Freital in Sächsische Schweiz-Osterzgebirge district. It lies in the west of Freital, between the Rote Weißeritz and the Wilde Weißeritz.- History :The village was first mentioned in 1350...
History
Documented history begins with the familiar Dresdner document from 1206 in which noblemen appear to be governed by Potschappel, Döhlen and Wurgwitz. These initial choices arise tradition of pure coincidence, just Potschappel and Wurgwitz expected at the time already existed for centuries, perhaps since the 9th Century. Potschappler Adel then dips until 1309, while the Döhlener probably 1228 as Arnold "de Zukerade" (first naming of Zauckerode) again. The Potschappler could in the lords of Sürßen risen, in the Oberlausitz moved. Many districts are only in the 14th Century erstgenannt.The history of free valley is closely linked with the history of coal mining in Döhlener pool, the current open-Valley area.
First mentions There were 1549. The Elector mint Hans Biener Moritz received by the Duke of Saxony the privilege reduce coal. It is said that the coal discoveries have been more had known, but only a few farmers schürften just below the Earth's surface, to fuel for his own needs. The year 1571 was the first time in Burgk and 1574 in Potschappel coal dismantled. When the stocks were tilting, the shafts came into oblivion.
The year 1743 was a so-called coal mandate issued to the landowner rights to all of his land to schürfenden coal existed. Until the mid-18th Century founded approximately 30 small businesses, by their small size and experience despite great pressure of competition were performing.
This changed with the onset of industrialization. The Kingdom of Saxony wanted his share of it, and bought up 1822 all companies left the White Ritz. In the year 1799 the Leopold-Erbstolln, 1806 the Knights goods Zauckerode and Döhlen including the privilege to Potschappler coal fields. For the many small businesses has now created a large, the "Royal Saxon coal plant Zauckerode".
On the right side Weisseritzstrasse began the concentration of holdings until 1819, when Carl Friedrich August Krebß (later Freiherr von Burgk Dathe) new knights on Burgk landowners. He inherited five pits and bought surrounding coal fields. This, he founded the "Free Herrlich of Burgker coal and iron smelting works."
While this concentration continued rapid development of technology and the industry. The upswing was so enormous that the coal-mining of Plauen's plea for several decades, until about the 1870s, the technical and organizational terms at the head in Germany could stand. This led many technical innovations, such as the 1810 introduced "wet sieving Set" and 1820, the first steam engines.
1823 began in Burgk with the coking of the hitherto untapped coal, and from 1828 was the first gas produced. The year 1842 was the first high-Saxon coke oven in the Burgker ferrous metallurgical plants in operation. To the technically conditional large quantities of water from the pits out, water had to be Structures, said the Tiefe-Weißeritz-Stolln (1800-1838) and the depth Elbstolln (1817-1836).
On 2 August 1869 occurred in Neuhoffnungschacht the Burgker coal plants a firedamp explosion in which 276 miners died. At the blessing of God shaft near the mountain wind recalled a monument.
On 1 In October 1921, the places Deuben, Döhlen and Potschappel to a joint city together. Since no name of a community foundation for the city name was called, was a competition for the best name of the new town tendered. There were suggestions of names like "Deupodö-Stadt" (by Deuben, Potschappel and Döhlen), or "Dreistadt". Finally, the Döhlener community representatives Hermann Henker executioner named "Freital" (Free Valley), and this finally sat down.
1924 was by then the official capital of Dresden-old city belonging Freital.
Since the imperial period, the city developed into the Weimar period into a hotbed of social democracy. In the Weimar Republic was Freital the only city in Saxony with a Socialist mayor, because the Communists are not as strong as in the rest of Saxony were represented. The first mayor Clear Valley was Dr. Carl Wedderkopf. His term of office ran from 1921 until 1927. After he had Gustav Klimpel, also a Social Democrat, this office until 1933 inne. Almost one in ten citizens was a member of the SPD, for a wide range of clubs and leisure activities and Freital caused to a "welfare island", as it is nowhere else in the country was made. From 1933 to 1945, there were numerous resistance nests in Freital and surroundings. By the end of the Nazi era were back almost 3000 people in the SPD, and the SED achieved a clear majority in the first elections. The SED Regime has, however, the memory of that time completely overlaid, it was the SPD 1990 only 10% of the votes. Even by the Work Clubs shaped leisure culture is today in this form nothing more left.
Born in Freital
- Oskar BöhmeOskar BöhmeOskar Böhme was a German composer and trumpeter.- Life :Oskar Böhme, a son of Wilhelm Böhme, also a trumpeter, was born in Potschappel, a small town near Dresden, Germany...
, 1870–1938, German composer and trumpeter. - Cornelius SchnauberCornelius SchnauberProfessor Cornelius Schnauber is an eminent and highly-decorated scholar, historian, playwright, biographer and educator. He is at present an Emeritus Associate Professor of German at the University of Southern California ....
, born in 1938, German scholar, historian, playwright, biographer and educator - Uwe BewersdorfUwe BewersdorfUwe Bewerdorf is a German former pair skater.Uwe Bewersdorf was a team with Manuela Mager. He started to skate with the age of 7 at the club Betriebs-Sportbund-Gemeinschaft Post Dresden. Later the club name was changed into SC Einheit Dresden. He was representing East Germany...
, born in 1958, German former pair skater - Jens KruppaJens KruppaJens Kruppa is an international breaststroke swimmer from Germany, who won the silver medal in the 4×100 metres medley relay at the 2004 Summer Olympics.-References:*...
, born in 1976, international breaststroke swimmer from Germany - Kerstin TzscherlichKerstin TzscherlichKerstin Tzscherlich is a female volleyball player from Germany, who represented her native country in two consecutive Summer Olympics, starting in 2000...
, born in 1978, German female volleyball player - Tom StarkeTom StarkeTom Starke is a German football goalkeeper who currently plays for 1899 Hoffenheim.-External links:...
, bonr in 1981, German football goalkeeper - Felix MichelFelix MichelFelix Lutz Michel is a German slalom canoer who competed in the 2000s. He won a silver medal in the C-2 team event at the 2006 ICF Canoe Slalom World Championships in Prague....
, born in 1984, German slalom canoer
Famous residents
- Wilhelmine ReichardWilhelmine ReichardJohanne Wilhelmine Siegmundine Reichard was the first German female balloonist.-Biography:...
, 1788–1848, first German female balloonist - Heinrich ZilleHeinrich ZilleRudolf Heinrich Zille , German illustrator and photographer, was born in Radeburg near Dresden, as the son of watchmaker Johann Traugott Zill and Ernestine Louise...
, 1858–1929, German illustrator and photographer