Freedom and Solidarity
Encyclopedia
Freedom and Solidarity , abbreviated to SaS, is a centre-right classical liberal
Classical liberalism
Classical liberalism is the philosophy committed to the ideal of limited government, constitutionalism, rule of law, due process, and liberty of individuals including freedom of religion, speech, press, assembly, and free markets....

 political party in Slovakia. The party was established in 2009 and is led by its founder, the economist Richard Sulík
Richard Sulík
Richard Sulík is a Slovak economist, businessman and politician. He is the leader of the political party Freedom and Solidarity.- Life :...

, who designed Slovakia's flat tax
Flat tax
A flat tax is a tax system with a constant marginal tax rate. Typically the term flat tax is applied in the context of an individual or corporate income that will be taxed at one marginal rate...

 system. It has 21 seats in the National Council
National Council of the Slovak Republic
The National Council of the Slovak Republic , abbreviated to NR SR, is the national parliament of Slovakia. It is unicameral, and consists of 150 MPs, who are elected by universal suffrage under proportional representation every four years....

 and holds four positions in the government of Slovakia
Government of Slovakia
The Government of the Slovak Republic is the executive branch of government in Slovakia.It is led by a prime minister , who is nominated by the president, and is usually a leader of majority party or of a majority coalition after an election to the National Council of the Slovak Republic...

.

Besides advocating fiscal conservatism
Fiscal conservatism
Fiscal conservatism is a political term used to describe a fiscal policy that advocates avoiding deficit spending. Fiscal conservatives often consider reduction of overall government spending and national debt as well as ensuring balanced budget of paramount importance...

, the party is civil libertarian
Civil libertarianism
Civil libertarianism is a strain of political thought that supports civil liberties, or who emphasizes the supremacy of individual rights and personal freedoms over and against any kind of authority...

, including advocating liberalisation of drug laws
Drug liberalization
Drug liberalization is the process of eliminating or reducing drug prohibition laws. Variations of drug liberalization include drug relegalization, drug legalization, and drug decriminalization -Policies:...

 and same-sex marriage
Same-sex marriage
Same-sex marriage is marriage between two persons of the same biological sex or social gender. Supporters of legal recognition for same-sex marriage typically refer to such recognition as marriage equality....

. It is moderately eurosceptic
Euroscepticism
Euroscepticism is a general term used to describe criticism of the European Union , and opposition to the process of European integration, existing throughout the political spectrum. Traditionally, the main source of euroscepticism has been the notion that integration weakens the nation state...

. Freedom and Solidarity launched a campaign called 'Referendum 2009' to hold a referendum on reforming and cutting the cost of politics. The party makes heavy use of the Internet: fighting the 2010 election
Slovak parliamentary election, 2010
A parliamentary election took place in Slovakia on 12 June 2010. The elections were contested by eighteen parties, six of which passed the 5% threshold for sitting in parliament...

 through Facebook and Twitter, with the party having 68,000 'fans' on Facebook by the election.

The party narrowly failed to cross the 5% threshold at the 2009 European election
European Parliament election, 2009 (Slovakia)
The European Parliament election of 2009 in Slovakia was the election of the delegation from Slovakia to the European Parliament in 2009.The turnout, although increased compared to the previous election, was 19.63%, the lowest of any nation involved in the election.-Division of Seats:The system of...

, but came third, winning 22 seats, at the 2010 parliamentary election
Slovak parliamentary election, 2010
A parliamentary election took place in Slovakia on 12 June 2010. The elections were contested by eighteen parties, six of which passed the 5% threshold for sitting in parliament...

. It is a part of the four-party centre-right coalition, with four cabinet positions, and Richard Sulík has been elected the Speaker of the National Council. It is a member of the European Liberal Democrat and Reform Party
European Liberal Democrat and Reform Party
The European Liberal Democrat and Reform Party is a European political party mainly active in the European Union, composed of 56 national-level liberal and liberal-democratic parties from across Europe...

.

Foundation

Richard Sulík was special adviser to two Ministers of Finance, Ivan Mikloš
Ivan Mikloš
Ivan Mikloš is the incumbent Minister of Finance of Slovakia, appointed on July 9, 2010. He previously served as Slovakia's Minister of Finance from 2002 to 2006 and Deputy Prime Minister for Economy between 1998 and 2002....

 and Ján Počiatek
Ján Pociatek
Ján Počiatek is a Slovak politician and economist. He served as the Minister of Finance.He speaks English fluently and also has an advanced knowledge of German and Russian . Počiatek is a graduate of the University of Economics in Bratislava...

, with whom he worked to simplify the tax system and implement Slovakia's 19% flat tax
Flat tax
A flat tax is a tax system with a constant marginal tax rate. Typically the term flat tax is applied in the context of an individual or corporate income that will be taxed at one marginal rate...

. He announced his intention to found Freedom and Solidarity on 10 October 2008, calling for a party dedicated to economic freedom
Economic freedom
Economic freedom is a term used in economic and policy debates. As with freedom generally, there are various definitions, but no universally accepted concept of economic freedom...

 and questioning the commitment of SDKÚ to that objective. Analysts cited a lack of any liberal party in the country. After securing the 10,000 signatures required to found a party, SaS made its public debut in February 2009, ahead of the European election in June
European Parliament election, 2009 (Slovakia)
The European Parliament election of 2009 in Slovakia was the election of the delegation from Slovakia to the European Parliament in 2009.The turnout, although increased compared to the previous election, was 19.63%, the lowest of any nation involved in the election.-Division of Seats:The system of...

. The party set publicly-declared goals of entering the National Council
National Council of the Slovak Republic
The National Council of the Slovak Republic , abbreviated to NR SR, is the national parliament of Slovakia. It is unicameral, and consists of 150 MPs, who are elected by universal suffrage under proportional representation every four years....

 in 2010
Slovak parliamentary election, 2010
A parliamentary election took place in Slovakia on 12 June 2010. The elections were contested by eighteen parties, six of which passed the 5% threshold for sitting in parliament...

 and entering government in 2014.

At SaS's founding congress in Bratislava on 28 February 2009, Richard Sulík was elected as Chairman, and Jana Kiššová as General Manager.
SaS selected the mayor of Štúrovo
Štúrovo
Štúrovo is a town in Slovakia, situated on the River Danube. Its population in 2005 was 11,172.The town is situated opposite the Hungarian city of Esztergom. The Mária Valéria bridge connects the settlements. The bridge was destroyed in 1944 during World War II, but reconstructed in...

, Ján Oravec, to be its candidate for the 2009 elections
European Parliament election, 2009 (Slovakia)
The European Parliament election of 2009 in Slovakia was the election of the delegation from Slovakia to the European Parliament in 2009.The turnout, although increased compared to the previous election, was 19.63%, the lowest of any nation involved in the election.-Division of Seats:The system of...

 of the European Parliament
European Parliament
The European Parliament is the directly elected parliamentary institution of the European Union . Together with the Council of the European Union and the Commission, it exercises the legislative function of the EU and it has been described as one of the most powerful legislatures in the world...

. The party supported the SDKÚ candidate, Iveta Radičová
Iveta Radicová
Iveta Radičová is the Prime Minister of Slovakia and a member of the Slovak Democratic and Christian Union – Democratic Party. She was sworn into office on 8 July 2010 as the head of a four-party center-right coalition government following the 2010 Slovak parliamentary election, until the fall of...

, in the presidential election
Slovak presidential election, 2009
The 2009 Slovak presidential elections were held on 21 March and 4 April. It was third peoples' presidential vote in the era of independent Slovak republic...

 in March and April 2009; she was defeated in the second round.

With others, Sulík was approached by Declan Ganley
Declan Ganley
Declan James Ganley is a British-born Irish citizen, entrepreneur, businessman and political activist. He is founder and chairman of a political party, Libertas with pan-European ambitions...

 to join the Libertas.eu
Libertas.eu
Libertas is a political party founded by Declan Ganley that took part in the European Parliament election, 2009 in several member states of the European Union.-Preamble:...

 alliance of eurosceptic
Euroscepticism
Euroscepticism is a general term used to describe criticism of the European Union , and opposition to the process of European integration, existing throughout the political spectrum. Traditionally, the main source of euroscepticism has been the notion that integration weakens the nation state...

 parties for the European elections, but turned down the invitation in order to remain independent. While he was also a sceptic of the Lisbon Treaty, and more generally a critic of European intransparency and bureaucracy, he didn't share the isolationist position of Libertas. In the elections, SaS received 4.71% of the votes: just missing the 5% threshold
Election threshold
In party-list proportional representation systems, an election threshold is a clause that stipulates that a party must receive a minimum percentage of votes, either nationally or within a particular district, to obtain any seats in the parliament...

. The SDKÚ accused Freedom and Solidarity of unnecessarily furthering the fragmentation of the political right in Slovakia. In the 2009 regional elections
Slovak regional elections, 2009
Elections were held in Slovakia's eight self-governing regions on 14 November 2009.Six of the regional presidencies were won by centre-left Direction – Social Democracy , with one being won by Smer's national conservative allies, the People's Party – Movement for a Democratic Slovakia...

, SaS won one seat, in Bratislava
Bratislava
Bratislava is the capital of Slovakia and, with a population of about 431,000, also the country's largest city. Bratislava is in southwestern Slovakia on both banks of the Danube River. Bordering Austria and Hungary, it is the only national capital that borders two independent countries.Bratislava...

.

The "2009 Referendum" and 2010 election

Later in 2009, SaS promoted a referendum striving for major cuts to politicians' privileges. The demands include downsizing the Slovak parliament
National Council of the Slovak Republic
The National Council of the Slovak Republic , abbreviated to NR SR, is the national parliament of Slovakia. It is unicameral, and consists of 150 MPs, who are elected by universal suffrage under proportional representation every four years....

 from 150 to 100 MPs, scrapping their immunity from criminal prosecution and limits to be placed on the public finances spent on government officials' cars. Furthermore, they demand that the radio and television market should be further liberalized, abolishing concessionary fees, and public officials' right to comment and reply to media coverage should be removed from the press law. In January 2010, SaS announced that by the end of 2009 it had managed to collect the 350,000 signatures needed in order to call a referendum. SaS forwarded the signatures to the Slovak president Ivan Gašparovič
Ivan Gašparovic
Ivan Gašparovič is a Slovak politician and law professor who has been the President of Slovakia since 15 June 2004. He is also the first Slovak president to be re-elected.-Biography:...

, requesting him to schedule the referendum for the date of the National Council elections
Slovak parliamentary election, 2010
A parliamentary election took place in Slovakia on 12 June 2010. The elections were contested by eighteen parties, six of which passed the 5% threshold for sitting in parliament...

 on 12 June 2010.

In March 2010, people reported Sulík to the police for the content of the manifesto for the 2010 parliamentary election
Slovak parliamentary election, 2010
A parliamentary election took place in Slovakia on 12 June 2010. The elections were contested by eighteen parties, six of which passed the 5% threshold for sitting in parliament...

, arguing that the party's manifesto commitment to legalisation of cannabis
Cannabis
Cannabis is a genus of flowering plants that includes three putative species, Cannabis sativa, Cannabis indica, and Cannabis ruderalis. These three taxa are indigenous to Central Asia, and South Asia. Cannabis has long been used for fibre , for seed and seed oils, for medicinal purposes, and as a...

 constituted the criminal offence of 'spread of addiction'. This was thrown out by the prosecutors, who refused to press charges. The party's candidates were the most open about the state of their personal wealth. In the election to the National Council, SaS received 12.14%, coming third, and won 22 seats. The party was the only one in opposition that took votes from Smer, although it was estimated that more of its votes came from ex-SDKÚ voters.

The party entered into coalition negotiations with the three other centre-right parties: SDKÚ, Christian Democratic Movement
Christian Democratic Movement
The Christian Democratic Movement is a political party in Slovakia.It is represented in the parliament. It was also member of the government coalition, but it left that coalition on 7 February 2006 due to disputes over an international treaty between Slovakia and the Holy See dealing with the...

, and Most–Híd
Most–Híd
Most–Híd is a centre-right political party in Slovakia. Its programme calls for greater cooperation between the country's Hungarian minority and ethnic Slovaks...

. The parties agreed a common programme, and allocated ministries, with the SaS controlling four ministries, as well as choosing the Speaker of the National Council. During the negotiations, Igor Matovič
Igor Matovič
Igor Matovič is a Slovak politician and member of the National Council. He is a member of the Ordinary People faction, having first won election at the 2010 election on the Freedom and Solidarity list. He sat in the SaS caucus until February 2011, when he supported the opposition Smer's...

, one of the four MPs elected on the SaS list from the 'Ordinary People
Ordinary People (Slovakia)
Ordinary People , abbreviated to OL, is a conservative political party in Slovakia. It ran four candidates on the list of the classical liberal Freedom and Solidarity in the 2010 election to the National Council, and all four were elected...

' faction, alleged that he had been offered a bribe to destabilise the talks, prompting Sulík to make a formal complaint to the prosecutor
Prosecutor
The prosecutor is the chief legal representative of the prosecution in countries with either the common law adversarial system, or the civil law inquisitorial system...

. On 29 June 2010, the President decided that the 2009 Referendum petition met the requirements, and the vote will go ahead on 18 September 2010. Four of the six issues in the referendum are part of the agreed programme of the new coalition government. However, when the referendum was held
Slovak political reform referendum, 2010
A referendum on political reform was held in Slovakia on 18 September 2010, following a successful petition started as a civil activity along with foundation of the classical liberal Freedom and Solidarity , which later became the third-largest party in the National Council...

, the turnout fell far below the 50% required.

In February 2011, Igor Matovič was ejected from the caucus for voting for Smer's proposed restrictions on dual nationality.

Ideology

Freedom and Solidarity believes in economic liberalisation, being led by the father of Slovakia's flat tax
Flat tax
A flat tax is a tax system with a constant marginal tax rate. Typically the term flat tax is applied in the context of an individual or corporate income that will be taxed at one marginal rate...

, and party prides itself on its economic expertise. In the 2010 parliamentary election, the party emphasised that it had economic policies completely opposed to those of the left-wing Fico government, and ruled out cooperating with him. The party cites a need to close the budget deficit, and advocates reforming the social insurance
Social insurance
Social insurance is any government-sponsored program with the following four characteristics:* the benefits, eligibility requirements and other aspects of the program are defined by statute;...

 system.

The party is moderately eurosceptic
Euroscepticism
Euroscepticism is a general term used to describe criticism of the European Union , and opposition to the process of European integration, existing throughout the political spectrum. Traditionally, the main source of euroscepticism has been the notion that integration weakens the nation state...

, opposing the 'bureaucratic machinery' that it says that the EU represents. The party opposed the Treaty of Lisbon
Treaty of Lisbon
The Treaty of Lisbon of 1668 was a peace treaty between Portugal and Spain, concluded at Lisbon on 13 February 1668, through the mediation of England, in which Spain recognized the sovereignty of Portugal's new ruling dynasty, the House of Braganza....

, EU economic harmonisation, and an increased EU budget. It is particularly wary of the European Union restricting the free market
Free market
A free market is a competitive market where prices are determined by supply and demand. However, the term is also commonly used for markets in which economic intervention and regulation by the state is limited to tax collection, and enforcement of private ownership and contracts...

. The party opposed the ECB
European Central Bank
The European Central Bank is the institution of the European Union that administers the monetary policy of the 17 EU Eurozone member states. It is thus one of the world's most important central banks. The bank was established by the Treaty of Amsterdam in 1998, and is headquartered in Frankfurt,...

's bailout of Greece
Greece
Greece , officially the Hellenic Republic , and historically Hellas or the Republic of Greece in English, is a country in southeastern Europe....

 during the 2010 debt crisis
2010 European sovereign debt crisis
From late 2009, fears of a sovereign debt crisis developed among investors concerning some European states, intensifying in early 2010 and thereafter.....

, while Sulik has proposed drawing up plans to withdraw Slovakia from the Euro. However, despite the party's euroscepticism, Freedom and Solidarity has joined the European Liberal Democrat and Reform Party
European Liberal Democrat and Reform Party
The European Liberal Democrat and Reform Party is a European political party mainly active in the European Union, composed of 56 national-level liberal and liberal-democratic parties from across Europe...

, most of whose members are in favour of further integration.

SaS is notably civil libertarian
Civil libertarianism
Civil libertarianism is a strain of political thought that supports civil liberties, or who emphasizes the supremacy of individual rights and personal freedoms over and against any kind of authority...

, being the only major party to campaign for same-sex marriage
Same-sex marriage
Same-sex marriage is marriage between two persons of the same biological sex or social gender. Supporters of legal recognition for same-sex marriage typically refer to such recognition as marriage equality....

 or for the decriminalisation of cannabis
Cannabis
Cannabis is a genus of flowering plants that includes three putative species, Cannabis sativa, Cannabis indica, and Cannabis ruderalis. These three taxa are indigenous to Central Asia, and South Asia. Cannabis has long been used for fibre , for seed and seed oils, for medicinal purposes, and as a...

. This puts it at odds with its more socially conservative
Social conservatism
Social Conservatism is primarily a political, and usually morally influenced, ideology that focuses on the preservation of what are seen as traditional values. Social conservatism is a form of authoritarianism often associated with the position that the federal government should have a greater role...

 coalition partners, the Christian Democratic Movement
Christian Democratic Movement
The Christian Democratic Movement is a political party in Slovakia.It is represented in the parliament. It was also member of the government coalition, but it left that coalition on 7 February 2006 due to disputes over an international treaty between Slovakia and the Holy See dealing with the...

.

Ministers

Freedom and Solidarity has four members of the government of Slovakia
Government of Slovakia
The Government of the Slovak Republic is the executive branch of government in Slovakia.It is led by a prime minister , who is nominated by the president, and is usually a leader of majority party or of a majority coalition after an election to the National Council of the Slovak Republic...

:
  • Jozef Mihál
    Jozef Mihál
    Dr Jozef Mihál is a Slovak politician and tax consultant. He is Deputy Prime Minister; Minister for Labour, Social Affairs, and Family; and deputy leader of Freedom and Solidarity ....

     (Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Labour, Social Affairs and Family)
  • Juraj Miškov (Minister of Economy and Construction)
  • Daniel Krajcer (Minister of Culture and Tourism)

National Council

Freedom and Solidarity has 21 members of the National Council
National Council of the Slovak Republic
The National Council of the Slovak Republic , abbreviated to NR SR, is the national parliament of Slovakia. It is unicameral, and consists of 150 MPs, who are elected by universal suffrage under proportional representation every four years....

. The three that belong to the Ordinary People
Ordinary People (Slovakia)
Ordinary People , abbreviated to OL, is a conservative political party in Slovakia. It ran four candidates on the list of the classical liberal Freedom and Solidarity in the 2010 election to the National Council, and all four were elected...

 faction are noted by 'OL'.

  • Zuzana Aštaryová
  • Natália Blahová
  • Juraj Droba
  • Martin Fecko (OL
    Ordinary People (Slovakia)
    Ordinary People , abbreviated to OL, is a conservative political party in Slovakia. It ran four candidates on the list of the classical liberal Freedom and Solidarity in the 2010 election to the National Council, and all four were elected...

    )
  • Stanislav Fořt

  • Ľubomír Galko
    Ľubomír Galko
    Ľubomír Galko is former Minister of defense of Slovak republic, he is member of SaS and vice-chairman for regions....

  • Pavol Hladký
  • Ľudovít Jurčík
  • Erika Jurinová (OL
    Ordinary People (Slovakia)
    Ordinary People , abbreviated to OL, is a conservative political party in Slovakia. It ran four candidates on the list of the classical liberal Freedom and Solidarity in the 2010 election to the National Council, and all four were elected...

    )
  • Peter Kalist

  • Jana Kiššová
  • Jozef Kollár
  • Kamil Krnáč
  • Milan Laurenčík
  • Ľuboš Majer

  • Martin Poliačik
    Martin Poliačik
    Martin Poliačik is a politician and a member of the National Council of the Slovak Republic. He is one of the founding members of a classical liberal political party Freedom and Solidarity...

  • Szilárd Somogyi
  • Richard Sulík
    Richard Sulík
    Richard Sulík is a Slovak economist, businessman and politician. He is the leader of the political party Freedom and Solidarity.- Life :...

     (Speaker)
  • Richard Švihura
  • Štefan Tomčo
  • Jozef Viskupič (OL
    Ordinary People (Slovakia)
    Ordinary People , abbreviated to OL, is a conservative political party in Slovakia. It ran four candidates on the list of the classical liberal Freedom and Solidarity in the 2010 election to the National Council, and all four were elected...

    )


External links

Official website Promotional site of the “2009 Referendum” Entry in the Slovak official party register Sloboda a Solidarita page on Facebook
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