Fortified Sector of the Escaut
Encyclopedia
The Fortified Sector of the Escaut (Secteur Fortifié de l'Escaut), also known as the Fortified Sector of the Schelde, was the French military organization that in 1940 controlled the section of the Maginot Line
between the French
border with Belgium
and Valenciennes
, a distance of about 30 kilometres (18.6 mi). Named for the Escaut River (more commonly known as the Schelde), the Maginot line in the Escaut sector consists of a single position, the petit ouvrage Eth
, together with its supporting casemate Jeanlain, as well as an upgraded fort of the Séré de Rivières system
, the Fort de Maulde
. The remainder of the sector's fortifications consist of blockhouses and casemates arranged along a line of principal resistance about 2 kilometres (1.2 mi) behind the frontier, with a second line on the edge of the Raismes Forest. The Escaut sector and the Fortified Sector of Maubeuge
were the final sections of the Maginot line to be authorized, and were termed the "New Fronts." The Escaut sector was attacked during the Battle of France
in late May 1940, resisting for a few days.
, which had reached France. The plan was also affected by political considerations, in which the fortification of the Belgian frontier was seen as a betrayal of the French plan for forward defense on Belgian territory. Most of the Escaut blockhouses built in 1936-37 were built under local initiatives to designs by the Army Engineering Service Section Technique du Génie (STG). The CORF lines in the Raismes Forest were augmented by lesser positions in the principal line of resistance constructed in 1936-37. In 1940 a few hasty fortifications were built to the rear of Valenciennes under the authority of the Study Commission for the Fortified Zones (Commission des Études des Zones Fortifiées" (CEZF) ).
Ouvrage Eth is the sole Maginot fortification in the sector, two blocks linked by a deep underground gallery. A third block was planned but never completed, to be equipped with a 75mm gun turret, along with expanded support facilitites and a separate entrance block. A drainage tunnel of sufficient size for human passage linked Eth to the Casemate de Jeanlain, about 600 metres (1,968.5 ft) away to the west. The Fort de Maulde was improved under the auspices of STG, with a unique casemate for 155mm Fillioux field gun. Work was begun on an underground link between the observation post and the 75mm and 155mm casemates in 1939, but was never completed.
54th Fortress Infantry Regiment (54e Régiment d'Infanterie de Forteresse (RIF)), Lt. Colonel Delcure
Raismes Forest Line (CORF) (108th CEO)
Resistance line (FCR/STG):
107th CEO
106th CEO
Second line in front of Valenciennes (FCR/STG)
Second Position (CEZF) (1940)
to the east, the German 253rd Infantry Division began to bombard the Fort de Maulde
on 20 May 1940, reaching the fort with infantry on 23 May. Ouvrage Eth
was bombarded starting 22 May, and invested tby infantry and close-range artillery the next day. Pressure was increased on 26 May, when Block 2 of Eth was damaged by the German 28th Infantry Division's artillery and Maulde's peripheral casemates were captured. Captain Dobos of Eth moved his garrison by a connecting drainage tuunnel to Casemate Jeanlain, but was forced to surrender there. The Casemate Talandier followed suit. The garrison at Maulde received orders to sabotage the position and evacuate, accomplishing this the night of 26-27 June. A German patrol the next day found the fort empty. The remaining blockhouses and casemates played no significant role in combat on the Escaut front as the Germans efficiently targeted gun embrasures in the relatively weak blockhouses.
The Germans stripped the Escaut fortifications during the Occupation, removing weapons for re-use and salvaging the massive steel cloches for scrap.
, holding until the 26th when they fell back towards Dunkerque. The bridges at Hergnies
, Renaissance and Quiévrain were destroyed. The battalions assigned to fixed positions held until 25 June, when they too fell back to Dunkerque. The unit was evacuated during the Dunkirk evacuation to Plymouth, England.
The 54th RIF returned to France as part of the French 54th Infantry Regiment of the 43rd Infantry Division in the June 1944 Invasion of Normandy. Much of the unit was captured by German forces near Falaise
on 17 June 1944.
Maginot Line
The Maginot Line , named after the French Minister of War André Maginot, was a line of concrete fortifications, tank obstacles, artillery casemates, machine gun posts, and other defences, which France constructed along its borders with Germany and Italy, in light of its experience in World War I,...
between the French
France
The French Republic , The French Republic , The French Republic , (commonly known as France , is a unitary semi-presidential republic in Western Europe with several overseas territories and islands located on other continents and in the Indian, Pacific, and Atlantic oceans. Metropolitan France...
border with Belgium
Belgium
Belgium , officially the Kingdom of Belgium, is a federal state in Western Europe. It is a founding member of the European Union and hosts the EU's headquarters, and those of several other major international organisations such as NATO.Belgium is also a member of, or affiliated to, many...
and Valenciennes
Valenciennes
Valenciennes is a commune in the Nord department in northern France.It lies on the Scheldt river. Although the city and region had seen a steady decline between 1975 and 1990, it has since rebounded...
, a distance of about 30 kilometres (18.6 mi). Named for the Escaut River (more commonly known as the Schelde), the Maginot line in the Escaut sector consists of a single position, the petit ouvrage Eth
Ouvrage Eth
Ouvrage Eth is an isolated petit ouvrage of the Maginot Line, built as part of the "New Fronts" program to address shortcomings in the Line's coverage of the border with Belgium. It is located between the villages of Eth and Wargnies-le-Grand, in Nord département...
, together with its supporting casemate Jeanlain, as well as an upgraded fort of the Séré de Rivières system
Séré de Rivières system
The Séré de Rivières system was an ensemble of fortifications built from 1874 and first used at the beginning of the First World War along the frontiers and coasts of France...
, the Fort de Maulde
Fort de Maulde
The Fort de Maulde, also known as Fort de Beurnonville and the Ensemble de Maulde, is located to the south of Maulde, France. It is part of the Fortified Sector of the Escaut, an extension of the Maginot Line. The Séré de Rivières system fort was built 1881-1884. In 1936-37 the old fort, commanding...
. The remainder of the sector's fortifications consist of blockhouses and casemates arranged along a line of principal resistance about 2 kilometres (1.2 mi) behind the frontier, with a second line on the edge of the Raismes Forest. The Escaut sector and the Fortified Sector of Maubeuge
Fortified Sector of Maubeuge
The Fortified Sector of Maubeuge was the French military organization that in 1940 controlled the section of the Maginot Line between the French border with Belgium and Maubeuge, a distance of about...
were the final sections of the Maginot line to be authorized, and were termed the "New Fronts." The Escaut sector was attacked during the Battle of France
Battle of France
In the Second World War, the Battle of France was the German invasion of France and the Low Countries, beginning on 10 May 1940, which ended the Phoney War. The battle consisted of two main operations. In the first, Fall Gelb , German armoured units pushed through the Ardennes, to cut off and...
in late May 1940, resisting for a few days.
Concept and organization
Initial work in the sector established a series of casemates in the Raismes Forest, between Valenciennes and the Belgian border. The casemates were built by the Commission d'Organisation des Régions Fortifiées (CORF), the Maginot Line's design and construction agency. As the fortification of the Escaut Front was commenced later than the main section of the Line to the east, funds were restricted by the impact of the Great DepressionGreat Depression
The Great Depression was a severe worldwide economic depression in the decade preceding World War II. The timing of the Great Depression varied across nations, but in most countries it started in about 1929 and lasted until the late 1930s or early 1940s...
, which had reached France. The plan was also affected by political considerations, in which the fortification of the Belgian frontier was seen as a betrayal of the French plan for forward defense on Belgian territory. Most of the Escaut blockhouses built in 1936-37 were built under local initiatives to designs by the Army Engineering Service Section Technique du Génie (STG). The CORF lines in the Raismes Forest were augmented by lesser positions in the principal line of resistance constructed in 1936-37. In 1940 a few hasty fortifications were built to the rear of Valenciennes under the authority of the Study Commission for the Fortified Zones (Commission des Études des Zones Fortifiées" (CEZF) ).
Ouvrage Eth is the sole Maginot fortification in the sector, two blocks linked by a deep underground gallery. A third block was planned but never completed, to be equipped with a 75mm gun turret, along with expanded support facilitites and a separate entrance block. A drainage tunnel of sufficient size for human passage linked Eth to the Casemate de Jeanlain, about 600 metres (1,968.5 ft) away to the west. The Fort de Maulde was improved under the auspices of STG, with a unique casemate for 155mm Fillioux field gun. Work was begun on an underground link between the observation post and the 75mm and 155mm casemates in 1939, but was never completed.
Command
The Escaut sector was under the overall command of the French 1st Army, under the command of General Blanchard, which was in turn part of Army Group 1 under General Gaston Billotte. The SF Escaut was commanded by General Echard, then General Béjard from May 1940.Description
The sector included, in order from west to east, the following major fortified positions, together with the most significant casemates and infantry shelters in each sub-sector:54th Fortress Infantry Regiment (54e Régiment d'Infanterie de Forteresse (RIF)), Lt. Colonel Delcure
Raismes Forest Line (CORF) (108th CEO)
- Casemate de Notre-Dame d'Armour (1)
- Casemate du Cimitière-du-Mont-des-Bruyères (2)
- Casemate de Rosières (3)
- Casemate de Marlières (4)
- Casemate de l'Haute-Rive (5)
- Casemate de la Drève-dSaint-Antoine (6)
- Casemate du Lièvre Ouest (7)
- Casemate du Lièvre Est (8)
- Casemate de Trieux-d'Escaupont Ouest (9)
- Casemate de Trieux-d'Escaupont Est (10)
- Casemate du Cimitière-d'Escaupont Ouest (11)
- Casemate du Cimitière-d'Escaupont Est (12)
Resistance line (FCR/STG):
107th CEO
- Blockhaus du Sud-Ouest de Maulde 3
- Blockhaus du Sud-Ouest de Maulde 2
- Blockhaus du Sud-Ouest de Maulde 1
- Fort de MauldeFort de MauldeThe Fort de Maulde, also known as Fort de Beurnonville and the Ensemble de Maulde, is located to the south of Maulde, France. It is part of the Fortified Sector of the Escaut, an extension of the Maginot Line. The Séré de Rivières system fort was built 1881-1884. In 1936-37 the old fort, commanding...
- Casemate de l'Ouest du Fort de Maulde
- Observatoire du Fort de Maulde
- Casemate de l'155 du Fort de Maulde
- Casemate de l'Est du Fort de Maulde
- Blockhaus du Sud de Maulde
- Blockhaus de la Trinquette
- Blockhaus du Mont-de-la-Justice
- Blockhaus de la Chapelle
- Abri du Pont-de-l'Imbécile
- Abri de Rodignies Ouest
- Blockhaus de Rodignies Est
- Blockhaus de la Château-l'Abbaye
- Blockhaus de l'Écluse-de-Rodignies
- Blockhaus du Petit-Marais
- Blockhaus de Long-Bruhot
- Abri de Bruille Sud
- Blockhaus de 'Église-de-Bruille
- Blockhaus de Bruille Nord
- Blockhaus de Bruille Sud
- Blockhaus de l'Écluse
- Blockhaus de Terril-de-la-Valresse
- Blockhaus de l'Ancienne Fosse Trouvez
- Blockhaus du Pont de l'Escaut
- Blockhaus de la Rue-de-la-Gare
- Blockhaus des Quatorze
- Blockhaus de la Chemin-de-Fer d'Onnaing
- Blockhaus de Rombies Nord
- Blockhaus de Rombies Sud
- Blochaus de la Chemin-de-la-Buse
- Blockhaus de Cyclamen
- Blockhaus du Rouge-Haie
- Blockhaus de l'Èpinette
- Blockhaus des Gobelins
- Casemate de Talandier
- Blockhaus de la Petite-Aunelle
- Blockhaus de la Fond-Delwarde
- Blockhaus de Mansard Ouest (Hortensia)
- Blockhaus de Mansard Est
- Blockhaus du Lys
106th CEO
- Casemate de Jeanlain
- Ouvrage EthOuvrage EthOuvrage Eth is an isolated petit ouvrage of the Maginot Line, built as part of the "New Fronts" program to address shortcomings in the Line's coverage of the border with Belgium. It is located between the villages of Eth and Wargnies-le-Grand, in Nord département...
, petit ouvrage of two combat blocks, linked to Jeanlain - Blockhaus de l'Aunelle
- Blockhaus de Wargnies-le-Petit
- Blockhaus de Wargnies (two blockhouses)
- Blockhaus de Noyer
- Blockhaus du Grand Condé (Muguet)
- Blockhaus de la Fosse-Cuvinot
- Blockhaus de la Noire-Voie
- Blockhaus d'Onnaing
- Blockhaus du Cimitière-d'Onnaing
- Blockhaus de Quarouble
- Blockhaus du Grand-Val
- Blockhaus du Rouge-Haie
- Ouvrage d'Estreux, petit ouvrage, never built
- Blockhaus d'Estreux Nord
- Blockhaus d'Estreux Sud
- Blockhaus de la Calvaire-Saint-Druon
- Blockhaus de Bry
- Blockhaus du Stade-d'Onnaing
- Blockhaus de la Réservoir-d'Onnaing
- Blockhaus du Baraque-des-Chasseurs
- Blockhaus du Château-d'Estreux
- Blockhaus de la Ferme-du-Moulin
- Blockhaus du Cimitière-de-Curgies
- Blockhaus de la Chapelle-Saint-Roch
Second line in front of Valenciennes (FCR/STG)
- Blockhaus d'Estreux
- Blockhaus du Petit-Champ (Saultain)
- Blockhaus des Longues-Rayes
- Blockhaus du Cimitière-de-Saultain (Château-de-Saultain)
- Blockhaus de Sud de Curgies (Ferme-du-Château)
- Blockhaus du Champ-du-Pont-de-Curgies
- Blockhaus du Champ-des-Roseaux
- Blockhaus du Fort-de-Curgies
- Blockhaus de la Fond-des-Grands-Prés (Ouest de Jeanlain)
- Blockhaus du Chemin-de-Jeanlain (Est du Préseau)
- Blockhaus des Recoets
- Blockhaus de la Fabrique (La Sucrerie)
- Blockhaus des Quatre-Vents
- Blockhaus de la Flaque (Sud des Tourelles)
Second Position (CEZF) (1940)
- Blockhaus de Iwuy (Croix-Saint-Hubert)
- Blockhaus de Saint-Vaast
- Blockhaus de Saint-Hilaire
- Blockhaus de Qulévy
- Blockhaus du Fontaine-au-Tertre
- Blockhaus de la Ferme-des-Tilleuls
Battle of France
Following the surrender or evacuation of the Fortified Sector of MaubeugeFortified Sector of Maubeuge
The Fortified Sector of Maubeuge was the French military organization that in 1940 controlled the section of the Maginot Line between the French border with Belgium and Maubeuge, a distance of about...
to the east, the German 253rd Infantry Division began to bombard the Fort de Maulde
Fort de Maulde
The Fort de Maulde, also known as Fort de Beurnonville and the Ensemble de Maulde, is located to the south of Maulde, France. It is part of the Fortified Sector of the Escaut, an extension of the Maginot Line. The Séré de Rivières system fort was built 1881-1884. In 1936-37 the old fort, commanding...
on 20 May 1940, reaching the fort with infantry on 23 May. Ouvrage Eth
Ouvrage Eth
Ouvrage Eth is an isolated petit ouvrage of the Maginot Line, built as part of the "New Fronts" program to address shortcomings in the Line's coverage of the border with Belgium. It is located between the villages of Eth and Wargnies-le-Grand, in Nord département...
was bombarded starting 22 May, and invested tby infantry and close-range artillery the next day. Pressure was increased on 26 May, when Block 2 of Eth was damaged by the German 28th Infantry Division's artillery and Maulde's peripheral casemates were captured. Captain Dobos of Eth moved his garrison by a connecting drainage tuunnel to Casemate Jeanlain, but was forced to surrender there. The Casemate Talandier followed suit. The garrison at Maulde received orders to sabotage the position and evacuate, accomplishing this the night of 26-27 June. A German patrol the next day found the fort empty. The remaining blockhouses and casemates played no significant role in combat on the Escaut front as the Germans efficiently targeted gun embrasures in the relatively weak blockhouses.
The Germans stripped the Escaut fortifications during the Occupation, removing weapons for re-use and salvaging the massive steel cloches for scrap.
Units
The 54th Fortress Infantry Regiment spent much of 1939 and 1940 completing and extending the fortifications in the sector. First contact with the Germans was made on 17 May when two mobile companies of the 54th undertook the defense of the Escaut bridges between Valenciennes and BouchainBouchain
Bouchain is a commune in the Nord department in northern France.It lies halfway between Cambrai and Valenciennes. Bouchain is a former part of the County of Hainaut.-Heraldry:-References:* Halesworth and Eitorf are twinned with Bouchain....
, holding until the 26th when they fell back towards Dunkerque. The bridges at Hergnies
Hergnies
Hergnies is a commune in the Nord department in northern France.-Heraldry:-References:*...
, Renaissance and Quiévrain were destroyed. The battalions assigned to fixed positions held until 25 June, when they too fell back to Dunkerque. The unit was evacuated during the Dunkirk evacuation to Plymouth, England.
The 54th RIF returned to France as part of the French 54th Infantry Regiment of the 43rd Infantry Division in the June 1944 Invasion of Normandy. Much of the unit was captured by German forces near Falaise
Falaise, Calvados
Falaise is a commune in the Calvados department in the Basse-Normandie region in northwestern France.-History:The town was the birthplace of William I the Conqueror, first of the Norman Kings of England. The Château de Falaise , which overlooks the town from a high crag, was formerly the seat of...
on 17 June 1944.
Present status
Both the Ouvrage d'Eth and the Fort de Maulde are abandoned. The Casemate du Cimitière-du-Mont-des-Bruyères has been open to visits by the public since 2009.External links
- Fortified Sector of the Escaut at darkplaces.org
- Fortified Sector of the Escaut at fortiff.be
- Ouvrage Eth at fortiff.be
- Fort de Maulde