Ford Y-block engine
Encyclopedia
The Y-block engine is a family of overhead valve
V8 automobile
piston engines from Ford Motor Company
. It was introduced in 1952 on Ford trucks and in 1954 on Ford cars to replace the side-valved Ford Flathead engine
and was replaced by the Ford FE engine
(on larger cars) and the Ford Windsor engine
(on smaller cars) in 1962, and lasted until 1964 in Ford trucks.
Note that Lincoln
introduced its own Y-block in 1952. That engine lasted until the 1958 introduction of the MEL
.
The oiling problem was caused by the passage from the center cam bearing to the cylinder head being offset by an inch and too small. The motor oils of the era were low in detergents, but high in coke; when combined with short trips and infrequent oil changes, this led to blockage of this passage. This left the lower end with ample oil while the rocker shaft assemblies literally burned up. The external oiler kit essentially provided oil to the rocker shafts from the oil pressure port on the outside of the engine.
A quick reference to the engine specifications for 1955-57 will show the Ford V-8s ahead of the Chevrolet counterparts in displacement, horsepower and torque. The real enemy of the Y-block was its displacement limit. The original architecture was very small and tight. Even with the benefit of today's technology (aftermarket rods and stroker cranks), the real limit of a Y-block is about 348 in³, while the Chevrolet could be modified well past the factory limit of 400 in³. The ever-increasing size and weight of the standard passenger car, the added parasitic losses for accessories (power steering, power brakes and air conditioning), cheap gasoline and the horsepower race all caused Ford to outgrow its first OHV V-8 engine. It is interesting to note that both Ford and Chevrolet went to optional "big block" engines for 1958, 352 in³ (5.8 L) at Ford compared to 348 in³ (5.7 L) at Chevrolet.
used this engine.
This engine, as well as the 292 version starting in 1956, was also produced by Ford of Brazil at its São Paulo plant facility (Ipiranga plant). A new building was opened on November 21, 1958 by the Brazilian President, Juscelino Kubitschek de Oliveira, to produce the first Ford engine in South America. The 272 version was used on Brazilian F-series trucks until 1977 and on the Brazilian Galaxie 500, launched in April, 1967.
The 292 in³ (4.8 L) was also introduced in 1955. It was used in the Ford Thunderbird
, Mercury, and some high-end Ford
cars. In 1956, it was an optional engine for Ford
cars, was commonly used in high-end models, and called the "Thunderbird V8" (the optional larger 312 in³ engine was called the "Thunderbird Special V8"). The 292 in³ was also used in Ford trucks, namely the F-100, through 1964. The 292 forged steel crankshaft was popular with motor enthusiasts in stroking the 289 V8's. With some machine work, this part was used to upstroke the 289 V8's to 340 in³ in combination with custom-made pistons and a .040 inch overbore (4.040 in. x 3.3 in.).
Ford Australia released this V8 motor as its only option in the 4-door Customline sedan from 1955-1959 (based on the Crown Victoria), and its utility, based on the same styling as the Customline, called a Mainline.
This particular version of the Y-Block engine was used in Argentina in the F-100 pick-up well into the sixties, and was known as Fase I (Phase I). In 1971, the engine was modified to accept a new-style cylinder head with a different valve arrangement (E-I-E-I-E-I-E-I versus E-I-I-E-E-I-I-E), new intake and exhaust manifolds and was renamed Fase II (Phase II). In this form, the 292 Fase II continued into the eighties in the F-100, and was also used in the Argentine Ford Fairlane (built from 1969-1982, and based heavily on the U.S. 1968 model). All Argentine versions of this engine feature a cast crankshaft rather than the forged example that equipped US heavy duty engines. The 292 version was also produced by Ford of Brazil and equipped the Brazilian LTD starting in 1969. Both the 272 and 292 engines were replaced on Brazilian cars by the 302 engine starting on 1976 model year.
Bore and stroke dimensions of the 312 V8 were 3.80" X 3.44".
Depending on model year and application, the 312 was available with a single 2- or 4-barrel carburetor
, two 4-barrel carburetors, and with or without a McCulloch (Paxton) supercharger (1957 only).
All 1956 U.S. Mercury models were powered by the 312 in³ (5.1 L) V8 breathing through a 4-barrel carburetor. At the beginning of the model year, a 210-horsepower version with 8.0:1 compression ratio powered Mercury cars with manual transmissions (including 3-speed plus overdrive), while a 225-horsepower version powered cars with automatic transmissions. The 225-horsepower version had an 8.4:1 compression ratio. Later in the model year, a 235-horsepower version with 9.0:1 compression ratio became available. All 1956 Mercury engines had gold-painted blocks and heads. The 210-horsepower version had red valve covers and air cleaner, while the 225-horsepower version had blue valve covers and air cleaner. The 235-horsepower version had argent silver valve covers and air cleaner. A dealer-installed "M 260" engine kit was released in January 1956. The kit consisted of a hotter camshaft, revised cylinder heads, and an intake manifold mounting two 4-barrel carburetors. The kit was advertised as boosting the Mercury 312 V8 to 260 horsepower.
The last regular application of the 312 V8 in the U.S. was for certain 1960 Mercury models. Though considered to be a high performance engine in 1956 and 1957, it was downgraded to an "economy" engine with low compression and 2-barrel carburetor by 1960.
Overhead valve
An overhead valve engine, also informally called pushrod engine or I-head engine, is a type of piston engine that places the camshaft within the cylinder block , and uses pushrods or rods to actuate rocker arms above the cylinder...
V8 automobile
Automobile
An automobile, autocar, motor car or car is a wheeled motor vehicle used for transporting passengers, which also carries its own engine or motor...
piston engines from Ford Motor Company
Ford Motor Company
Ford Motor Company is an American multinational automaker based in Dearborn, Michigan, a suburb of Detroit. The automaker was founded by Henry Ford and incorporated on June 16, 1903. In addition to the Ford and Lincoln brands, Ford also owns a small stake in Mazda in Japan and Aston Martin in the UK...
. It was introduced in 1952 on Ford trucks and in 1954 on Ford cars to replace the side-valved Ford Flathead engine
Ford Flathead engine
The Ford flathead V8 was a V8 engine of the flathead type, designed by the Ford Motor Company and built by Ford and various licensees...
and was replaced by the Ford FE engine
Ford FE engine
The Ford FE engine is a Ford V8 engine used in vehicles sold in the North American market between 1958 and 1976. A related engine, the Ford FT engine, was used in medium and heavy trucks from 1964 through 1978. The FE filled the need for a medium-displacement engine created by the discontinuation...
(on larger cars) and the Ford Windsor engine
Ford Windsor engine
The Windsor is a 90-degree small-block V8 engine from Ford Motor Company. It was introduced in 1962, replacing the previous Ford Y-block engine. Though not all of the engines in this family were produced at the Windsor, Ontario engine plant , the name stuck...
(on smaller cars) in 1962, and lasted until 1964 in Ford trucks.
Note that Lincoln
Lincoln (automobile)
Lincoln is an American luxury vehicle brand of the Ford Motor Company. Lincoln vehicles are sold mostly in North America.-History:The company was founded in August 1915 by Henry M. Leland, one of the founders of Cadillac . During World War I, he left Cadillac which was sold to General Motors...
introduced its own Y-block in 1952. That engine lasted until the 1958 introduction of the MEL
Ford MEL engine
Ford developed for use in their line of Mercury models from 1958 through 1967. The MEL also replaced Lincoln's unique Y-block design. These engines were produced in Lima, Ohio at Ford's Lima Engine plant...
.
239
The first Y-block on Ford automobiles was the 1954 239 in³ (3.9 L) Ford engine; known for its deep skirting, which causes the engine to resemble a Y. Rated at 130 hp, it replaced the 239 in³ (3.9 L) flathead which was rated at 106 hp. The Y-block was considered a major advancement over the flathead. It is known for having oiling problems in the rocker shafts due to the fact the oil first went to the crankshaft bearing, then to the camshaft bearings, then to the rocker shafts. This problem plagued the entire Y-block family and could be remedied by running a copper line from the oil pump and then to the rocker shafts.The oiling problem was caused by the passage from the center cam bearing to the cylinder head being offset by an inch and too small. The motor oils of the era were low in detergents, but high in coke; when combined with short trips and infrequent oil changes, this led to blockage of this passage. This left the lower end with ample oil while the rocker shaft assemblies literally burned up. The external oiler kit essentially provided oil to the rocker shafts from the oil pressure port on the outside of the engine.
A quick reference to the engine specifications for 1955-57 will show the Ford V-8s ahead of the Chevrolet counterparts in displacement, horsepower and torque. The real enemy of the Y-block was its displacement limit. The original architecture was very small and tight. Even with the benefit of today's technology (aftermarket rods and stroker cranks), the real limit of a Y-block is about 348 in³, while the Chevrolet could be modified well past the factory limit of 400 in³. The ever-increasing size and weight of the standard passenger car, the added parasitic losses for accessories (power steering, power brakes and air conditioning), cheap gasoline and the horsepower race all caused Ford to outgrow its first OHV V-8 engine. It is interesting to note that both Ford and Chevrolet went to optional "big block" engines for 1958, 352 in³ (5.8 L) at Ford compared to 348 in³ (5.7 L) at Chevrolet.
256
The original Mercury Y-block, introduced for the 1954 model year, displaced 256 in³ (4.2 L). Advertised as the "V-161" engine, it ran a bore and stroke of 3-5/8" X 3-3/32". The compression ratio was 7.5:1, and the rated power was 161 hp at 4400 rpm. Torque was 238 lbft at 2200 rpm. The engine breathed through a Holley model 2140 (4V) carburetor.272
The 272 in³ (4.5 L) version was introduced in 1955. Most standard FordsFord Motor Company
Ford Motor Company is an American multinational automaker based in Dearborn, Michigan, a suburb of Detroit. The automaker was founded by Henry Ford and incorporated on June 16, 1903. In addition to the Ford and Lincoln brands, Ford also owns a small stake in Mazda in Japan and Aston Martin in the UK...
used this engine.
This engine, as well as the 292 version starting in 1956, was also produced by Ford of Brazil at its São Paulo plant facility (Ipiranga plant). A new building was opened on November 21, 1958 by the Brazilian President, Juscelino Kubitschek de Oliveira, to produce the first Ford engine in South America. The 272 version was used on Brazilian F-series trucks until 1977 and on the Brazilian Galaxie 500, launched in April, 1967.
292
Ford Thunderbird
The Thunderbird , is an automobile manufactured by the Ford Motor Company in the United States over eleven model generations from 1955 through 2005...
, Mercury, and some high-end Ford
Ford Motor Company
Ford Motor Company is an American multinational automaker based in Dearborn, Michigan, a suburb of Detroit. The automaker was founded by Henry Ford and incorporated on June 16, 1903. In addition to the Ford and Lincoln brands, Ford also owns a small stake in Mazda in Japan and Aston Martin in the UK...
cars. In 1956, it was an optional engine for Ford
Ford Motor Company
Ford Motor Company is an American multinational automaker based in Dearborn, Michigan, a suburb of Detroit. The automaker was founded by Henry Ford and incorporated on June 16, 1903. In addition to the Ford and Lincoln brands, Ford also owns a small stake in Mazda in Japan and Aston Martin in the UK...
cars, was commonly used in high-end models, and called the "Thunderbird V8" (the optional larger 312 in³ engine was called the "Thunderbird Special V8"). The 292 in³ was also used in Ford trucks, namely the F-100, through 1964. The 292 forged steel crankshaft was popular with motor enthusiasts in stroking the 289 V8's. With some machine work, this part was used to upstroke the 289 V8's to 340 in³ in combination with custom-made pistons and a .040 inch overbore (4.040 in. x 3.3 in.).
Ford Australia released this V8 motor as its only option in the 4-door Customline sedan from 1955-1959 (based on the Crown Victoria), and its utility, based on the same styling as the Customline, called a Mainline.
This particular version of the Y-Block engine was used in Argentina in the F-100 pick-up well into the sixties, and was known as Fase I (Phase I). In 1971, the engine was modified to accept a new-style cylinder head with a different valve arrangement (E-I-E-I-E-I-E-I versus E-I-I-E-E-I-I-E), new intake and exhaust manifolds and was renamed Fase II (Phase II). In this form, the 292 Fase II continued into the eighties in the F-100, and was also used in the Argentine Ford Fairlane (built from 1969-1982, and based heavily on the U.S. 1968 model). All Argentine versions of this engine feature a cast crankshaft rather than the forged example that equipped US heavy duty engines. The 292 version was also produced by Ford of Brazil and equipped the Brazilian LTD starting in 1969. Both the 272 and 292 engines were replaced on Brazilian cars by the 302 engine starting on 1976 model year.
312
The 312 in³ (5.1 L) engine came out for the 1956 model year and was again used in high-end Ford and Mercury cars, including the Thunderbird.Bore and stroke dimensions of the 312 V8 were 3.80" X 3.44".
Depending on model year and application, the 312 was available with a single 2- or 4-barrel carburetor
Carburetor
A carburetor , carburettor, or carburetter is a device that blends air and fuel for an internal combustion engine. It is sometimes shortened to carb in North America and the United Kingdom....
, two 4-barrel carburetors, and with or without a McCulloch (Paxton) supercharger (1957 only).
All 1956 U.S. Mercury models were powered by the 312 in³ (5.1 L) V8 breathing through a 4-barrel carburetor. At the beginning of the model year, a 210-horsepower version with 8.0:1 compression ratio powered Mercury cars with manual transmissions (including 3-speed plus overdrive), while a 225-horsepower version powered cars with automatic transmissions. The 225-horsepower version had an 8.4:1 compression ratio. Later in the model year, a 235-horsepower version with 9.0:1 compression ratio became available. All 1956 Mercury engines had gold-painted blocks and heads. The 210-horsepower version had red valve covers and air cleaner, while the 225-horsepower version had blue valve covers and air cleaner. The 235-horsepower version had argent silver valve covers and air cleaner. A dealer-installed "M 260" engine kit was released in January 1956. The kit consisted of a hotter camshaft, revised cylinder heads, and an intake manifold mounting two 4-barrel carburetors. The kit was advertised as boosting the Mercury 312 V8 to 260 horsepower.
The last regular application of the 312 V8 in the U.S. was for certain 1960 Mercury models. Though considered to be a high performance engine in 1956 and 1957, it was downgraded to an "economy" engine with low compression and 2-barrel carburetor by 1960.