Fields of Gold
Encyclopedia
"Fields of Gold" is a 1993 song by Sting from his album Ten Summoner's Tales
. "Fields of Gold" and all the other album tracks were recorded at Lake House, Wiltshire
, mixed at The Townhouse Studio, London
, England
and mastered at Masterdisk, New York
. The harmonica
solo is played by Brendan Power and the Northumbrian smallpipes
are played by Kathryn Tickell
. The music video was directed by Kevin Godley
.
"Fields of Gold" was the second single released from the album after "If I Ever Lose My Faith in You
". The single reached #16 on the UK Singles Chart
and #23 on the Billboard Hot 100
and #2 on the Billboard Adult Contemporary Chart. It was also a hit in many countries including Ireland, Germany, The Netherlands and Switzerland and many others.
The song was included in Sting's first compilations album issued by Sting under the title Fields of Gold: The Best of Sting 1984–1994 and released in 1994 and in a later compilation The Very Best of Sting & The Police
in 1997. It was also re-recorded by Sting in 2006 as a bonus track for his classical album Songs from the Labyrinth
, whereby the song was accompanied entirely by a lute
.
Ten Summoner's Tales
Ten Summoner's Tales is the fourth solo studio album by the rock musician Sting. The title is a combined pun of his given name, Gordon Sumner, and a character in Geoffrey Chaucer's The Canterbury Tales, the summoner...
. "Fields of Gold" and all the other album tracks were recorded at Lake House, Wiltshire
Wiltshire
Wiltshire is a ceremonial county in South West England. It is landlocked and borders the counties of Dorset, Somerset, Hampshire, Gloucestershire, Oxfordshire and Berkshire. It contains the unitary authority of Swindon and covers...
, mixed at The Townhouse Studio, London
London
London is the capital city of :England and the :United Kingdom, the largest metropolitan area in the United Kingdom, and the largest urban zone in the European Union by most measures. Located on the River Thames, London has been a major settlement for two millennia, its history going back to its...
, England
England
England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. It shares land borders with Scotland to the north and Wales to the west; the Irish Sea is to the north west, the Celtic Sea to the south west, with the North Sea to the east and the English Channel to the south separating it from continental...
and mastered at Masterdisk, New York
New York City
New York is the most populous city in the United States and the center of the New York Metropolitan Area, one of the most populous metropolitan areas in the world. New York exerts a significant impact upon global commerce, finance, media, art, fashion, research, technology, education, and...
. The harmonica
Harmonica
The harmonica, also called harp, French harp, blues harp, and mouth organ, is a free reed wind instrument used primarily in blues and American folk music, jazz, country, and rock and roll. It is played by blowing air into it or drawing air out by placing lips over individual holes or multiple holes...
solo is played by Brendan Power and the Northumbrian smallpipes
Northumbrian smallpipes
The Northumbrian smallpipes are bellows-blown bagpipes from the North East of England.In a survey of the bagpipes in the Pitt Rivers Museum, Oxford University, the organologist Anthony Baines wrote: It is perhaps the most civilized of the bagpipes, making no attempt to go farther than the...
are played by Kathryn Tickell
Kathryn Tickell
Kathryn Tickell is an English player of the Northumbrian smallpipes and fiddle. She has recorded over a dozen albums, and toured widely.-Life and career:...
. The music video was directed by Kevin Godley
Kevin Godley
Kevin Godley is a British musician and music video director.He was born in a family of Jewish descent, and went to North Cestrian Grammar School in Altrincham....
.
"Fields of Gold" was the second single released from the album after "If I Ever Lose My Faith in You
If I Ever Lose My Faith in You
"If I Ever Lose My Faith in You" is a song recorded by English singer Sting. It was the second single from his album Ten Summoner's Tales and was released in 1993. It achieved a moderate success in many countries, reaching #17 on the U.S. Billboard Hot 100, becoming one of his last hits in that...
". The single reached #16 on the UK Singles Chart
UK Singles Chart
The UK Singles Chart is compiled by The Official Charts Company on behalf of the British record-industry. The full chart contains the top selling 200 singles in the United Kingdom based upon combined record sales and download numbers, though some media outlets only list the Top 40 or the Top 75 ...
and #23 on the Billboard Hot 100
Billboard Hot 100
The Billboard Hot 100 is the United States music industry standard singles popularity chart issued weekly by Billboard magazine. Chart rankings are based on radio play and sales; the tracking-week for sales begins on Monday and ends on Sunday, while the radio play tracking-week runs from Wednesday...
and #2 on the Billboard Adult Contemporary Chart. It was also a hit in many countries including Ireland, Germany, The Netherlands and Switzerland and many others.
The song was included in Sting's first compilations album issued by Sting under the title Fields of Gold: The Best of Sting 1984–1994 and released in 1994 and in a later compilation The Very Best of Sting & The Police
The Very Best of Sting & The Police
The Very Best of... Sting & The Police is a compilation album issued by Sting, and released by A&M Records. The album originally featured one new track, a remix of the 1978 song "Roxanne" by rap artist Sean "Puffy" Combs....
in 1997. It was also re-recorded by Sting in 2006 as a bonus track for his classical album Songs from the Labyrinth
Songs from the Labyrinth
Songs from the Labyrinth is a 2006 album of recordings of the music of John Dowland by Sting and Bosnian lutenist Edin Karamazov. It entered the UK Official Albums Chart at #24 and reached #25 on the Billboard 200, strong charting peaks for a classical record on the pop album charts...
, whereby the song was accompanied entirely by a lute
Lute
Lute can refer generally to any plucked string instrument with a neck and a deep round back, or more specifically to an instrument from the family of European lutes....
.
Tracklist
- UK 4 Track CD Single
- "Fields of Gold"
- "King of Pain" - Live
- "Fragile" - Live
- "Purple Haze" - Live
- Rare UK Limited Edition 4 Track Gatefold CD Single
- "Fields of Gold"
- "Message in a Bottle" - Live
- "Fortress Around Your Heart" - Live
- "Roxanne" - Live
Versions
The song has been subject of many interpretations. Here is a selective list (if possible in chronological order)- Eva CassidyEva CassidyEva Marie Cassidy was an American vocalist known for her interpretations of jazz, blues, folk, gospel, country and pop classics. In 1992 she released her first album, The Other Side, a set of duets with go-go musician Chuck Brown, followed by a live solo album, Live at Blues Alley in 1996...
on her live album Live at Blues AlleyLive at Blues AlleyLive at Blues Alley is an album by American singer Eva Cassidy, originally self released in May, 1996. This live album was recorded at the Blues Alley in January, 1996...
(recorded in January 1996). Pure MoodsPure MoodsPure Moods is a series of compilation albums of New Age music released by Virgin Records. The series focuses on the genres of New Age, Ambient, World Music, and to a lesser extent, subdued Electropop and Smooth Jazz...
, a series of compilation albums of New Age music released by French owls, also includes it in 2002 released Pure Moods IV - Tommy EmmanuelTommy EmmanuelWilliam Thomas "Tommy" Emmanuel AM is an Australian guitarist, best known for his complex fingerpicking style, energetic performances and the use of percussive effects on the guitar. In the May 2008 and 2010 issues of Guitar Player Magazine, he was named as "Best Acoustic Guitarist" in their...
on his album Midnight DriveMidnight Drive (Tommy Emmanuel album)Midnight Drive LP is an album by Australian musician Tommy Emmanuel. This release is called Can't Get Enough on its original release in Australia...
(1997) - Mary BlackMary BlackMary Black is an Irish singer. She is well known as an interpreter of both folk and contemporary material which has made her a major recording artist in her native Ireland, and in many other parts of the world....
on the album Speaking with the Angel (1999) - AinbuskAinbuskAinbusk are a pop/folk vocal group from Gotland, Sweden. Formed in 1983, Ainbusk are best-known for their single "Jag mötte Lassie" - frequently referred to simply as "Lassie" - which was the Christmas chart-topper in Sweden in 1990...
on the album I midvintertid: En jul på Gotland - GregorianGregorian (band)Gregorian is a German band headed by Frank Peterson that performs Gregorian chant-inspired versions of modern pop and rock songs. The band features both vocal harmony and instrumental accompaniment.- Band history :...
in their album Masters of Chant Chapter IIIMasters of Chant Chapter IIIMasters of Chant III is the fourth album by Gregorian.- Track listing :# "Join Me" – 4:10 # "Be" – 5:20...
(2002) - The Academical Village PeopleThe Academical Village PeopleThe Academical Village People is an all-male a cappella group at the University of Virginia founded in 1993 by a group of people who vowed to "never take themselves too seriously." They set themselves apart from other groups by being able to keep professional while maintaining their lax attitude,...
on their album DECADEmical:Best of 1993-2003 (2003) - Malachi CushMalachi CushMalachi Cush, also recording as Malachi, , is a singer/songwriter from Donaghmore, a small village in County Tyrone, Northern Ireland. Coming from a large musical family, he started singing and playing Irish traditional music at an early age. He appeared on the first series of Fame Academy and has...
, a Fame Academy contestant, on his album MalachiMalachi (album)Malachi is the eponymous debut album released by Fame Academy contestant Malachi Cush. The album was released on 24 March 2003 and features his debut single "Just Say You Love Me", along with some cover versions that he performed on Fame Academy...
(2003) - FourplayFourplayFourplay is a contemporary jazz quartet in the United States. The original members of the group were Bob James , Lee Ritenour , Nathan East , and Harvey Mason . In 1997, Lee Ritenour left the group and Fourplay chose Larry Carlton as his replacement...
on their album JourneyJourney (Fourplay album)- Personnel :* Bob James - keyboards* Harvey Mason - drums* Larry Carlton - guitars* Nathan East - bass...
(2004) - Michael BallMichael Ball (singer)Michael Ashley Ball, born 27 June 1962) is a British actor, singer, and radio and TV presenter who is best known for the song "Love Changes Everything" and musical theatre roles such as Marius in Les Misérables, Alex in Aspects of Love, Caractacus Potts in Chitty Chitty Bang Bang and Edna Turnblad...
(2005) - Cliff RichardCliff RichardSir Cliff Richard, OBE is a British pop singer, musician, performer, actor, and philanthropist who has sold over an estimated 250 million records worldwide....
and Barry GibbBarry GibbBarry Alan Crompton Gibb, CBE , is a singer, songwriter and producer. He was born in the Isle of Man to English parents. With his brothers Robin and Maurice, he formed The Bee Gees, one of the most successful pop groups of all time. The trio got their start in Australia, and found their major...
in Cliff Richard's album Two's Company The DuetsTwo's Company The DuetsTwo's Company The Duets is a 2006 studio album by Cliff Richard featuring various duets he has recorded with other recording artists, including Elton John, Barry Gibb, Dionne Warwick, Olivia Newton-John and Lulu. The album has sold over 320,000 copies worldwide...
(2006) - Mary WilsonMary Wilson (singer)Mary Wilson is an American singer, formerlymember of the Motown female singing group The Supremes during the 1960s and 1970s. Wilson was the only singer to be a consistent member of the group in its eighteen-year tenure...
on her album Up Close: Live from San FranciscoUp Close: Live from San FranciscoUp Close: Live from San Francisco is a live set of standards recorded at the Plush Room in San Francisco in December 2005, and released as an album in 2007 by singer Mary Wilson.-Track listing:#"Here's to Life"#"Smile"#"Body and Soul"...
(2007) - The MacDonald BrothersThe MacDonald BrothersThe MacDonald Brothers are a Scottish pop rock duo from Ayrshire in Scotland, consisting of brothers Brian and Craig MacDonald. They first rose to prominence in the third UK series of television talent show The X Factor in 2006, and have since gone on to release four albums.The brothers are...
on their album The MacDonald Brothers (album)The MacDonald Brothers (2007) - Cardiff Arms Park Male ChoirCardiff Arms Park Male ChoirCardiff Arms Park Male Choir is a choir based at Cardiff Arms Park in Cardiff, Wales, United Kingdom.-History:On the 1st September 1966, following Cardiff RFC's 35-0 defeat of Cardiff & District, a group of supporters came up with idea of forming a choir to improve the standard of after-match singing...
on their album Hearts and Voices Raising (2009) - Celtic WomanCeltic WomanCeltic Woman is an all-female musical ensemble conceived and assembled by Sharon Browne and David Downes, a former musical director of the Irish stage show Riverdance...
soloist Lisa KellyLisa KellyLisa Ann Kelly is a singer of both classical and celtic music. She has taken part in many musical theatre productions and concerts, and is a member of the musical group Celtic Woman.-Early life:...
on the Celtic Woman album Celtic Woman: Songs from the HeartCeltic Woman: Songs from the HeartCeltic Woman: Songs from the Heart is the fifth studio album by the group Celtic Woman released on 26 January 2010.Performers in Songs from the Heart are vocalists Chloë Agnew, Lynn Hilary, Lisa Kelly, Alex Sharpe and fiddler Máiréad Nesbitt...
broadcast on a special on PBS (2010) - Will MartinWill MartinWill Martin is a New Zealand-born classical crossover singer.Martin's first album, released in his native New Zealand, went platinum in 6 weeks. The album, called A New World, featured songs such as "Into the West", "If" and "Going Home".Will commented on his success with “I am an entertainer; I...
on his album Inspirations (2010) - Michael BoltonMichael BoltonMichael Bolton is an American singer and songwriter. Bolton originally performed in the hard rock and heavy metal genres from the mid 1970s to the mid 1980s, both on his early solo albums and those recorded as the frontman of the band Blackjack...
and Eva CassidyEva CassidyEva Marie Cassidy was an American vocalist known for her interpretations of jazz, blues, folk, gospel, country and pop classics. In 1992 she released her first album, The Other Side, a set of duets with go-go musician Chuck Brown, followed by a live solo album, Live at Blues Alley in 1996...
on Bolton's album Gems - The Duet Collection (2011)
Live interpretations
- Nadine CoyleNadine CoyleNadine Coyle is an Irish singer, songwriter, actress, and model who rose to fame in the early 2000s as a member of the band Six before becoming a member of successful girl-group Girls Aloud. The group amassed a joint fortune of £25 million by May 2009...
, a contestant in Popstars The RivalsPopstars The RivalsPopstars The Rivals was a British television talent show series that was broadcast on ITV1 in late 2002. It was the second UK series of the international Popstars franchise...
(2002) - Mary WilsonMary Wilson (singer)Mary Wilson is an American singer, formerlymember of the Motown female singing group The Supremes during the 1960s and 1970s. Wilson was the only singer to be a consistent member of the group in its eighteen-year tenure...
on her live album Live at the Sands (2006) and another live interpretation on her live album Up Close: Live from San FranciscoUp Close: Live from San FranciscoUp Close: Live from San Francisco is a live set of standards recorded at the Plush Room in San Francisco in December 2005, and released as an album in 2007 by singer Mary Wilson.-Track listing:#"Here's to Life"#"Smile"#"Body and Soul"...
(2007) - Niki EvansNiki EvansNiki Evans is an English actress and singer. She is best known for her appearance in the fourth UK series of the popular television talent show The X Factor in 2007. She is currently appearing as Mrs. Johnstone in the current UK national tour of Blood Brothers.-Pre X Factor:Niki Evans has sung...
, contestant in British The X FactorThe X Factor (UK series 4)The fourth UK series of The X Factor was broadcast on ITV in autumn 2007. The first show aired on 18 August 2007 and the series was won by Leon Jackson on 15 December 2007, with Rhydian Roberts the runner-up and Dannii Minogue emerging as the winning mentor...
(2007) - Robin BengtssonRobin BengtssonRobin Bengtsson is a Swedish singer who took part in Swedish Idol 2008 finisheing third behind winner Kevin Borg and runner-up Alice Svensson. In mid-2009, he was signed by Merion Music label releasing the single "Another Lover's Gone"...
, contestant in Swedish IdolIdol 2008The fifth season of Swedish Idol premiered on September 3, 2008 and continued until its grand finale on 12 December, when 22-year-old Kevin Borg was crowned winner. It was the first season to feature new judges Laila Bagge, Anders Bagge and Andreas Carlsson, a move that made it the first Idol...
(2008) - David ArchuletaDavid ArchuletaDavid Archuleta, is a former United States Air Force Airman of Okinawan stationary troops and is currently an American male kickboxer.-Biography:...
from American Idol 2008American Idol (season 7)The seventh season of American Idol, the annual reality show and singing competition, began on January 15, 2008 and concluded on May 21, 2008. Ryan Seacrest continued to host the show with Simon Cowell, Paula Abdul, and Randy Jackson returning as judges...
sang the song extensively during his 2009 Christmas from the Heart TourChristmas from the Heart TourIn winter 2009, David Archuleta embarked on a tour to promote his Christmas album Christmas from the Heart, hence the tour name, the Christmas From The Heart Tour. The tour started on November 24, 2009 and went through December 20, 2009. Friend to Archuleta and French singer Benton Paul opened for... - Vienna TengVienna TengCynthia Yih Shih , better known by her stage name Vienna Teng, is a Taiwanese American pianist and singer-songwriter based in Ann Arbor, Michigan. Teng has released four studio albums: Waking Hour , Warm Strangers , Dreaming Through the Noise , and Inland Territory...
, a singer-songwriter who has performed a cover of the song several times during live concerts. - Ada Szulc, contestant in Polish X Factor (2011)
On compilations
- Sting's Fields of Gold: The Best of Sting 1984–1994 (1994)
- Sting's The Very Best of Sting & The PoliceThe Very Best of Sting & The PoliceThe Very Best of... Sting & The Police is a compilation album issued by Sting, and released by A&M Records. The album originally featured one new track, a remix of the 1978 song "Roxanne" by rap artist Sean "Puffy" Combs....
(1997) - CJ CrewCJ CrewCJ Crew are a dance music DJ duo, consisting of Chris Bucknall and John Briely. Other aliases include Big Vin & Hugh Jardon, Chi K Monkey, Chi K Munki, Connie and the Plainsman, Demanche Noir, Muff and the Munchers, Nancy and the Boys, The Orff Ki Ensemble, Pyan Issim, Pynck Hobo, Terry and the...
on the eurodanceEurodanceEurodance is a genre of electronic dance music that originated in the late 1980s or early 1990s primarily in Europe. It combines many elements from House, Techno, Hi-NRG and especially Italo-Disco...
compilation Dancemania Speed 9Dancemania SpeedDancemania Speed is a sub-series of Toshiba EMI's Dancemania compilation series. This series features faster, further remixed versions of recordings from previously released Dancemania albums or faster remixed covers of various famous songs...
(2002)
Instrumentals
- Pete HuttlingerPete HuttlingerPete Huttlinger is an American guitarist. He is a graduate of Berklee College of Music. He is a respected Nashville studio artist. In 2000, he won the National Fingerstyle Guitar Championship at the Walnut Valley Festival in Winfield, Kansas. He has performed around the world with such artists as...
, an American guitarist, arrangement on solo guitar (2002) - Kevin KernKevin KernKevin Kern is an American pianist, composer and recording artist of New Age music. He was born in Detroit, Michigan. He is now generally recognized as a representative of the New Age style...
in his album Imagination's LightImagination's LightImagination's Light is the seventh studio album from American New Age pianist Kevin Kern. As with his preceding albums, it is an album of instrumental songs, this time with one song being a cover version of a song by Sting...
on piano (2005) - Ed Alleyne-Johnson in his album Echoes on violin (2005)
- Bradley JosephBradley JosephBradley Joseph is an American composer, arranger, and producer of contemporary instrumental music. His compositions include works for orchestra, quartet, and solo piano, while his musical style ranges from "quietly pensive mood music to a rich orchestration of classical depth and breadth".Active...
on his album Piano Love SongsPiano Love SongsPiano Love Songs is the 13th studio album released by Bradley Joseph on the Robbins Island Music label ."Soft Classic Love Songs Performed on the Piano".-Track listing:...
(2006) - Hank MarvinHank MarvinHank Brian Marvin is an English guitarist, best known as the lead guitarist for The Shadows. The group, which primarily performed instrumentals, was formed as a backing band for vocalist Cliff Richard...
on his album Guitar ManGuitar Man (Hank Marvin album)Guitar Man is an album by guitarist Hank Marvin, released in 2007.- Track listing :- Personnel :* Lead guitar, Arranger, Producer - Hank B...
on electric guitar (2007) - Prague Philharmonic Orchestra from album Songs Without Words - full orchestra (2008)
- Jacques StotzemJacques StotzemJacques Stotzem is an acoustic fingerstyle guitar player. He has recorded 3 vinyl albums and 11 CDs, and collaborated with numerous musical projects and other artists....
on acoustic guitar (2009) - Lisa LynneLisa LynneLisa Lynne is a Celtic harpist and composer and New Age recording artist residing in Los Angeles, California.Lisa Lynne is a self-proclaimed multi-instrumentalist who has "spent the last eighteen years pursuing her passion for the Celtic harp."...
{harp} on album "Daughters of the Celtic Moon" 1998
Language versions
- "Kultaniityt" in FinnishFinnish languageFinnish is the language spoken by the majority of the population in Finland Primarily for use by restaurant menus and by ethnic Finns outside Finland. It is one of the two official languages of Finland and an official minority language in Sweden. In Sweden, both standard Finnish and Meänkieli, a...
: Recorded by the Finnish artist Tapani KansaTapani KansaAarne Tapani Kansa is a Finnish singer.-Career:Tapani Kansa made his first record deal in 1967 and had a breakthrough the next year, with his version of the hit song Delilah, translated into Finnish. Tapani Kansa had established a career in singing at a very young age...
in (1994) - "Terre d'oru" in CorsicanCorsican languageCorsican is a Italo-Dalmatian Romance language spoken and written on the islands of Corsica and northern Sardinia . Corsican is the traditional native language of the Corsican people, and was long the vernacular language alongside the Italian, official language in Corsica until 1859, which was...
: Sting recorded a bilingualMultilingualismMultilingualism is the act of using, or promoting the use of, multiple languages, either by an individual speaker or by a community of speakers. Multilingual speakers outnumber monolingual speakers in the world's population. Multilingualism is becoming a social phenomenon governed by the needs of...
English/Corsican version with the Corsican singinggroup I MuvriniI MuvriniI Muvrini is a Corsican folk music group who sing traditional Corsican music in their native Corsican language.-History:The group was formed in the early 1980s by the brothers Jean-François Bernardini and Alain Bernardini who were born in the village of Tagliu-Isulacciu in the north of Corsica...
. The track appears on I Muvrini's album A strada. (2000) - "Campi d’Oro" in ItalianItalian languageItalian is a Romance language spoken mainly in Europe: Italy, Switzerland, San Marino, Vatican City, by minorities in Malta, Monaco, Croatia, Slovenia, France, Libya, Eritrea, and Somalia, and by immigrant communities in the Americas and Australia...
: Giorgia FumantiGiorgia FumantiGiorgia Fumanti is an Italian soprano , composer, producer and arranger now based in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. Her music is best compared to that of Andrea Bocelli, Sarah Brightman and Enya. Her debut EMI album "From My Heart" reached the top 20 on the Billboard Crossover Chart...
recorded an Italian version on her album From My Heart (2007)
Charts
| Year | Single | Peak chart positions | Album | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| US Billboard Hot 100 The Billboard Hot 100 is the United States music industry standard singles popularity chart issued weekly by Billboard magazine. Chart rankings are based on radio play and sales; the tracking-week for sales begins on Monday and ends on Sunday, while the radio play tracking-week runs from Wednesday... |
US AC | US Adult Hot Adult Top 40 Tracks Adult Top 40 is a variation on the United States Billboard charts... |
US Rock | US Mod | UK UK Singles Chart The UK Singles Chart is compiled by The Official Charts Company on behalf of the British record-industry. The full chart contains the top selling 200 singles in the United Kingdom based upon combined record sales and download numbers, though some media outlets only list the Top 40 or the Top 75 ... |
FRA Syndicat National de l'Edition Phonographique The Syndicat national de l'édition phonographique is the inter-professional organization which protects the interests of the French record industry... |
GER |
IRE Irish Singles Chart The Irish Singles Chart is Ireland's music industry standard singles popularity chart issued weekly by the Irish Recorded Music Association and compiled on behalf of the IRMA by Chart-Track. Chart rankings are based on sales, which are compiled through over-the-counter retail data captured... |
NET |
SWI Swiss Music Charts The Swiss Music Charts are Switzerland's main music sales charts. The charts are a record of the highest-selling singles and albums in various genres in Switzerland.The Swiss Charts include:* Singles Top 75... |
|||
| 1993 | "Fields of Gold" | 23 | 2 | — | 24 | 12 | 16 | — | 52 | 22 | 44 | 25 | Ten Summoner's Tales Ten Summoner's Tales Ten Summoner's Tales is the fourth solo studio album by the rock musician Sting. The title is a combined pun of his given name, Gordon Sumner, and a character in Geoffrey Chaucer's The Canterbury Tales, the summoner... |