Fibronectin type II domain
Encyclopedia
Fibronectin type II domain is a collagen
-binding protein domain
.
Fibronectin
is a multi-domain glycoprotein
, found in a soluble form in plasma, and in an insoluble form in loose connective tissue and basement membranes, that binds cell surfaces and various compounds including collagen
, fibrin
, heparin
, DNA
, and actin
. Fibronectins are involved in a number of important functions e.g., wound healing
; cell adhesion
; blood coagulation; cell differentiation and migration; maintenance of the cellular cytoskeleton
; and tumour metastasis
. The major part of the sequence of fibronectin consists of the repetition of three types of domains, which are called type I, II, and III.
Type II domain is approximately forty residues long, contains four
conserved cysteines involved in disulfide bonds and is part of the collagen-binding region of fibronectin. In fibronectin the type II domain is duplicated. Type II domains have also been found in a range of proteins including blood coagulation factor XII; bovine seminal plasma proteins PDC-109 (BSP-A1/A2) and BSP-A3; cation-independent mannose-6-phosphate receptor; mannose receptor of macrophages; 180 Kd secretory phospholipase A2 receptor; DEC-205 receptor; 72 Kd and 92 Kd type IV collagenase ; and hepatocyte growth factor activator.
; FN1; HGFAC
; IGF2R; LY75
; MMP2
;
MMP9
; MRC1; MRC1L1; MRC2; PLA2R1
; SEL1L
;
Collagen
Collagen is a group of naturally occurring proteins found in animals, especially in the flesh and connective tissues of mammals. It is the main component of connective tissue, and is the most abundant protein in mammals, making up about 25% to 35% of the whole-body protein content...
-binding protein domain
Protein domain
A protein domain is a part of protein sequence and structure that can evolve, function, and exist independently of the rest of the protein chain. Each domain forms a compact three-dimensional structure and often can be independently stable and folded. Many proteins consist of several structural...
.
Fibronectin
Fibronectin
Fibronectin is a high-molecular weight glycoprotein of the extracellular matrix that binds to membrane-spanning receptor proteins called integrins. In addition to integrins, fibronectin also binds extracellular matrix components such as collagen, fibrin and heparan sulfate proteoglycans...
is a multi-domain glycoprotein
Glycoprotein
Glycoproteins are proteins that contain oligosaccharide chains covalently attached to polypeptide side-chains. The carbohydrate is attached to the protein in a cotranslational or posttranslational modification. This process is known as glycosylation. In proteins that have segments extending...
, found in a soluble form in plasma, and in an insoluble form in loose connective tissue and basement membranes, that binds cell surfaces and various compounds including collagen
Collagen
Collagen is a group of naturally occurring proteins found in animals, especially in the flesh and connective tissues of mammals. It is the main component of connective tissue, and is the most abundant protein in mammals, making up about 25% to 35% of the whole-body protein content...
, fibrin
Fibrin
Fibrin is a fibrous, non-globular protein involved in the clotting of blood. It is a fibrillar protein that is polymerised to form a "mesh" that forms a hemostatic plug or clot over a wound site....
, heparin
Heparin
Heparin , also known as unfractionated heparin, a highly sulfated glycosaminoglycan, is widely used as an injectable anticoagulant, and has the highest negative charge density of any known biological molecule...
, DNA
DNA
Deoxyribonucleic acid is a nucleic acid that contains the genetic instructions used in the development and functioning of all known living organisms . The DNA segments that carry this genetic information are called genes, but other DNA sequences have structural purposes, or are involved in...
, and actin
Actin
Actin is a globular, roughly 42-kDa moonlighting protein found in all eukaryotic cells where it may be present at concentrations of over 100 μM. It is also one of the most highly-conserved proteins, differing by no more than 20% in species as diverse as algae and humans...
. Fibronectins are involved in a number of important functions e.g., wound healing
Wound healing
Wound healing, or cicatrisation, is an intricate process in which the skin repairs itself after injury. In normal skin, the epidermis and dermis exists in a steady-state equilibrium, forming a protective barrier against the external environment...
; cell adhesion
Cell adhesion
Cellular adhesion is the binding of a cell to a surface, extracellular matrix or another cell using cell adhesion molecules such as selectins, integrins, and cadherins. Correct cellular adhesion is essential in maintaining multicellular structure...
; blood coagulation; cell differentiation and migration; maintenance of the cellular cytoskeleton
Cytoskeleton
The cytoskeleton is a cellular "scaffolding" or "skeleton" contained within a cell's cytoplasm and is made out of protein. The cytoskeleton is present in all cells; it was once thought to be unique to eukaryotes, but recent research has identified the prokaryotic cytoskeleton...
; and tumour metastasis
Metastasis
Metastasis, or metastatic disease , is the spread of a disease from one organ or part to another non-adjacent organ or part. It was previously thought that only malignant tumor cells and infections have the capacity to metastasize; however, this is being reconsidered due to new research...
. The major part of the sequence of fibronectin consists of the repetition of three types of domains, which are called type I, II, and III.
Type II domain is approximately forty residues long, contains four
conserved cysteines involved in disulfide bonds and is part of the collagen-binding region of fibronectin. In fibronectin the type II domain is duplicated. Type II domains have also been found in a range of proteins including blood coagulation factor XII; bovine seminal plasma proteins PDC-109 (BSP-A1/A2) and BSP-A3; cation-independent mannose-6-phosphate receptor; mannose receptor of macrophages; 180 Kd secretory phospholipase A2 receptor; DEC-205 receptor; 72 Kd and 92 Kd type IV collagenase ; and hepatocyte growth factor activator.
Human proteins containing this domain
BSPH1; ELSPBP1; F12Factor XII
Coagulation factor XII also known as Hageman factor is a plasma protein. It is the zymogen form of factor XIIa, an enzyme of the serine protease class. In humans, factor XII is encoded by the F12 gene.- Function :...
; FN1; HGFAC
HGFAC
Hepatocyte growth factor activator is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HGFAC gene.-Further reading:...
; IGF2R; LY75
LY75
Lymphocyte antigen 75 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the LY75 gene.LY75 has also recently been designated CD205 .-Further reading:...
; MMP2
MMP2
72 kDa type IV collagenase also known as matrix metalloproteinase-2 and gelatinase A is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the MMP2 gene....
;
MMP9
MMP9
Matrix metallopeptidase 9 , also known as 92 kDa type IV collagenase, 92 kDa gelatinase or gelatinase B , is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the MMP9 gene.- Function :...
; MRC1; MRC1L1; MRC2; PLA2R1
PLA2R1
Secretory phospholipase A2 receptor is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PLA2R1 gene.M-type phospholipase A2 receptor is a major antigen in idiopathic membranous nephropathy. -Further reading:...
; SEL1L
SEL1L
Protein sel-1 homolog 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SEL1L gene.-Further reading:...
;
- Fibronectin type I domain: F12Factor XIICoagulation factor XII also known as Hageman factor is a plasma protein. It is the zymogen form of factor XIIa, an enzyme of the serine protease class. In humans, factor XII is encoded by the F12 gene.- Function :...
; FN1; HGFACHGFACHepatocyte growth factor activator is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HGFAC gene.-Further reading:...
; PLATPlatA plat in the U.S. is a map, drawn to scale, showing the divisions of a piece of land. Other English-speaking countries generally call such documents a cadastral map or plan....
;
External links
- Fibronectin type-II collagen-binding domain in PROSITEPROSITEPROSITE is a protein database. It consists of entries describing the protein families, domains and functional sites as well as amino acid patterns, signatures, and profiles in them. These are manually curated by a team of the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics and tightly integrated into Swiss-Prot...