Fan Hanjie
Encyclopedia
Fan Hanjie courtesy name Jie-ying, was a Chinese military general who served during the Second Sino-Japanese War
and Chinese Civil War
. During the Liaoshen Campaign
he served as the deputy commander-in-chief of Manchuria and director of the command center in Jinzhou with the rank of lieutenant general in the National Revolutionary Army
.
. He spent his youth at Zili College which his father helped to found, in 1911 and was admitted to Guangdong
Army Institute, majoring in astronomical classes; in 1913 after graduating he joined the army service in the Guangdong Section, as an officer of the survey bureau, in Dongjiang and the Chaoshan area. In 1920 he was transferred to the Department of Guangdong and Guangxi provinces, fighting local pirates and repress smuggling activities, and then he was promoted to the rank of captain on the Jiangping Warship. In 1923 he was again transferred to the Department of the General Staff, and promoted to the rank of colonel
. In May 1924, the Whampoa Military Academy
was founded in Canton, When Fan Hanjie was almost 30 years of age, and he was hesitated to enroll first, due to his relatively old age, most student cadets were in their early twenties. Because the successful outcome of the first KMT-CPC cooperation, Fan Hanjie had high hopes for the national revolution and he took the entrance exams and was easily admitted, is the only student who held the rank of colonel in the entire academy. After graduation from the academy, Fan Hanjie like other graduates, starting from the scratch, in the army platoon, company, battalion duties to participate in the suppression of Chen Jiongming
's revolt against the Nationalist Government during the Second Eastern Campaign. In the summer 1926, the National Revolutionary Army
launched the Northern Expedition, and was Fan's first actual combat experience; he has been selected as commander of the 10th Regiment of the 29th Division, and was one of first regiment commanders from the Whampoa academy. Fan led the troops to participate in the famous battle at the Ting Kau Bridge. In October the same year he was promoted to first deputy commander of 10th division. November 1927, during the KMT- CCP split, Chen mingshu, commander of the 1st Army, and 10th Division Commander Jiang Guang Nai defected to Chiang Kai-shek
; Fan Hanjie also will be leaving to go to Nanjing. By Chiang Kai-sheik's orders , he was sent to the Zhejiang province as the garrison commander, as a Whampoa graduate of first class, and in August, Chiang Kai-shek
stepped down, Zhejiang
Guard division was abolished and Fan Hanjie was transferred to the NRA General Headquarters of the 8th Route Army . Soon Chiang Kai-shek came back to power, and send Fan Hanjie to Japan to study the political and military affairs then he went to Germany, and studied in German military training school until the outbreak of Manchurian incident on September 18, 1931.
. On May 6 he was elected as a member of the KMT central committee, he became a confidant of Chiang Kai-shek and one of his favorite generals. In July 1948, he followed the Chiang's orders to reorganized two new armies, the 5th army and the 8th army to bolster Nationalist position in Manchuria. In September Fan was appointed as the deputy commander-in-chief of Manchuria and director of the Jinzhou forward command. Because Wei Lihuang refused to concentrate the majority of the nationalist forces in Jinzhou, unable to disobey the orders of his superior officer, Fan fought as hard as he could, but he was outmaneuvered by the communist forces led by Lin Biao
, who used massed artillery to achieve a breakthrough into the city defense, on October 15, 1948, Jinzhou had fallen and Fan was captured by the communist Manchurian Field Army.
Second Sino-Japanese War
The Second Sino-Japanese War was a military conflict fought primarily between the Republic of China and the Empire of Japan. From 1937 to 1941, China fought Japan with some economic help from Germany , the Soviet Union and the United States...
and Chinese Civil War
Chinese Civil War
The Chinese Civil War was a civil war fought between the Kuomintang , the governing party of the Republic of China, and the Communist Party of China , for the control of China which eventually led to China's division into two Chinas, Republic of China and People's Republic of...
. During the Liaoshen Campaign
Liaoshen Campaign
Liaoshen Campaign , literally the abbreviation of Liaoning-Shenyang Campaign, was part of the three major campaigns launched by the People's Liberation Army during the late stage of the Chinese Civil War. This engagement is known in the Nationalist government as the Battle of Liaoshi...
he served as the deputy commander-in-chief of Manchuria and director of the command center in Jinzhou with the rank of lieutenant general in the National Revolutionary Army
National Revolutionary Army
The National Revolutionary Army , pre-1928 sometimes shortened to 革命軍 or Revolutionary Army and between 1928-1947 as 國軍 or National Army was the Military Arm of the Kuomintang from 1925 until 1947, as well as the national army of the Republic of China during the KMT's period of party rule...
.
Early life and career
Fan Hanjie was born in Dabu, GuangdongGuangdong
Guangdong is a province on the South China Sea coast of the People's Republic of China. The province was previously often written with the alternative English name Kwangtung Province...
. He spent his youth at Zili College which his father helped to found, in 1911 and was admitted to Guangdong
Guangdong
Guangdong is a province on the South China Sea coast of the People's Republic of China. The province was previously often written with the alternative English name Kwangtung Province...
Army Institute, majoring in astronomical classes; in 1913 after graduating he joined the army service in the Guangdong Section, as an officer of the survey bureau, in Dongjiang and the Chaoshan area. In 1920 he was transferred to the Department of Guangdong and Guangxi provinces, fighting local pirates and repress smuggling activities, and then he was promoted to the rank of captain on the Jiangping Warship. In 1923 he was again transferred to the Department of the General Staff, and promoted to the rank of colonel
Colonel
Colonel , abbreviated Col or COL, is a military rank of a senior commissioned officer. It or a corresponding rank exists in most armies and in many air forces; the naval equivalent rank is generally "Captain". It is also used in some police forces and other paramilitary rank structures...
. In May 1924, the Whampoa Military Academy
Whampoa Military Academy
The Nationalist Party of China Army Officer Academy , commonly known as the Whampoa Military Academy , was a military academy in the Republic of China that produced many prestigious commanders who fought in many of China's conflicts in the 20th century, notably the Northern Expedition, the Second...
was founded in Canton, When Fan Hanjie was almost 30 years of age, and he was hesitated to enroll first, due to his relatively old age, most student cadets were in their early twenties. Because the successful outcome of the first KMT-CPC cooperation, Fan Hanjie had high hopes for the national revolution and he took the entrance exams and was easily admitted, is the only student who held the rank of colonel in the entire academy. After graduation from the academy, Fan Hanjie like other graduates, starting from the scratch, in the army platoon, company, battalion duties to participate in the suppression of Chen Jiongming
Chen Jiongming
Chen Jiongming was a revolutionary figure in the early periods of the Republic of China. Chen Jiongming was born in 1878 at Haifeng, Guangdong, China....
's revolt against the Nationalist Government during the Second Eastern Campaign. In the summer 1926, the National Revolutionary Army
National Revolutionary Army
The National Revolutionary Army , pre-1928 sometimes shortened to 革命軍 or Revolutionary Army and between 1928-1947 as 國軍 or National Army was the Military Arm of the Kuomintang from 1925 until 1947, as well as the national army of the Republic of China during the KMT's period of party rule...
launched the Northern Expedition, and was Fan's first actual combat experience; he has been selected as commander of the 10th Regiment of the 29th Division, and was one of first regiment commanders from the Whampoa academy. Fan led the troops to participate in the famous battle at the Ting Kau Bridge. In October the same year he was promoted to first deputy commander of 10th division. November 1927, during the KMT- CCP split, Chen mingshu, commander of the 1st Army, and 10th Division Commander Jiang Guang Nai defected to Chiang Kai-shek
Chiang Kai-shek
Chiang Kai-shek was a political and military leader of 20th century China. He is known as Jiǎng Jièshí or Jiǎng Zhōngzhèng in Mandarin....
; Fan Hanjie also will be leaving to go to Nanjing. By Chiang Kai-sheik's orders , he was sent to the Zhejiang province as the garrison commander, as a Whampoa graduate of first class, and in August, Chiang Kai-shek
Chiang Kai-shek
Chiang Kai-shek was a political and military leader of 20th century China. He is known as Jiǎng Jièshí or Jiǎng Zhōngzhèng in Mandarin....
stepped down, Zhejiang
Zhejiang
Zhejiang is an eastern coastal province of the People's Republic of China. The word Zhejiang was the old name of the Qiantang River, which passes through Hangzhou, the provincial capital...
Guard division was abolished and Fan Hanjie was transferred to the NRA General Headquarters of the 8th Route Army . Soon Chiang Kai-shek came back to power, and send Fan Hanjie to Japan to study the political and military affairs then he went to Germany, and studied in German military training school until the outbreak of Manchurian incident on September 18, 1931.
Chinese Civil War
In March 1945, he was formally promoted to rank of lieutenant generalLieutenant General
Lieutenant General is a military rank used in many countries. The rank traces its origins to the Middle Ages where the title of Lieutenant General was held by the second in command on the battlefield, who was normally subordinate to a Captain General....
. On May 6 he was elected as a member of the KMT central committee, he became a confidant of Chiang Kai-shek and one of his favorite generals. In July 1948, he followed the Chiang's orders to reorganized two new armies, the 5th army and the 8th army to bolster Nationalist position in Manchuria. In September Fan was appointed as the deputy commander-in-chief of Manchuria and director of the Jinzhou forward command. Because Wei Lihuang refused to concentrate the majority of the nationalist forces in Jinzhou, unable to disobey the orders of his superior officer, Fan fought as hard as he could, but he was outmaneuvered by the communist forces led by Lin Biao
Lin Biao
Lin Biao was a major Chinese Communist military leader who was pivotal in the communist victory in the Chinese Civil War, especially in Northeastern China...
, who used massed artillery to achieve a breakthrough into the city defense, on October 15, 1948, Jinzhou had fallen and Fan was captured by the communist Manchurian Field Army.