Fairfield, Pennsylvania
Encyclopedia
Fairfield is a borough in Adams County
, Pennsylvania
, United States
. The population was 486 at the 2000 census.
in the American Civil War
, the Battle of Fairfield
played an important role in securing the Fairfield pass and the Hagerstown Road, enabling Robert E. Lee
's Army of Northern Virginia
to retreat through Fairfield towards the Potomac River
. Lee and his officers stopped to eat at the Fairfield Inn, which is still operated as a small hotel to this day.
According to the United States Census Bureau
, the borough has a total area of 0.7 square miles (1.8 km²), all of it land.
of 2000, there were 486 people, 232 households, and 139 families residing in the borough. The population density
was 708.2 people per square mile (272.0/km²). There were 245 housing units at an average density of 357.0 per square mile (137.1/km²). The racial makeup of the borough was 98.35% White, 0.62% Asian, 0.41% from other races
, and 0.62% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.62% of the population.
There were 232 households out of which 25.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 50.4% were married couples
living together, 7.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 39.7% were non-families. 36.6% of all households were made up of individuals and 21.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.09 and the average family size was 2.67.
In the borough the population was spread out with 20.8% under the age of 18, 3.7% from 18 to 24, 26.1% from 25 to 44, 25.5% from 45 to 64, and 23.9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 45 years. For every 100 females there were 86.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 84.2 males.
The median income for a household in the borough was $31,053, and the median income for a family was $39,219. Males had a median income of $28,750 versus $21,250 for females. The per capita income
for the borough was $17,243. About 0.7% of families and 3.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 2.0% of those under age 18 and 7.2% of those age 65 or over.
is located in south central Pennsylvania on the Maryland border. It has an elementary, middle, and high school located in Fairfield, PA. The school district has approximately 1,300 students. Its sports teams are named the Knights.
Adams County, Pennsylvania
Adams County is a county in the U.S. state of Pennsylvania. As of the 2010 census, the population was 101,407. It was created on January 22, 1800, from part of York County and named in honor of the second President of the United States, John Adams...
, Pennsylvania
Pennsylvania
The Commonwealth of Pennsylvania is a U.S. state that is located in the Northeastern and Mid-Atlantic regions of the United States. The state borders Delaware and Maryland to the south, West Virginia to the southwest, Ohio to the west, New York and Ontario, Canada, to the north, and New Jersey to...
, United States
United States
The United States of America is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district...
. The population was 486 at the 2000 census.
History
During the Gettysburg CampaignGettysburg Campaign
The Gettysburg Campaign was a series of battles fought in June and July 1863, during the American Civil War. After his victory in the Battle of Chancellorsville, Confederate General Robert E. Lee's Army of Northern Virginia moved north for offensive operations in Maryland and Pennsylvania. The...
in the American Civil War
American Civil War
The American Civil War was a civil war fought in the United States of America. In response to the election of Abraham Lincoln as President of the United States, 11 southern slave states declared their secession from the United States and formed the Confederate States of America ; the other 25...
, the Battle of Fairfield
Battle of Fairfield
The Battle of Fairfield was a cavalry engagement during the Gettysburg Campaign of the American Civil War. It was fought July 3, 1863, near Fairfield, Pennsylvania, concurrently with the Battle of Gettysburg, although it was not a formal part of that battle...
played an important role in securing the Fairfield pass and the Hagerstown Road, enabling Robert E. Lee
Robert E. Lee
Robert Edward Lee was a career military officer who is best known for having commanded the Confederate Army of Northern Virginia in the American Civil War....
's Army of Northern Virginia
Army of Northern Virginia
The Army of Northern Virginia was the primary military force of the Confederate States of America in the Eastern Theater of the American Civil War, as well as the primary command structure of the Department of Northern Virginia. It was most often arrayed against the Union Army of the Potomac...
to retreat through Fairfield towards the Potomac River
Potomac River
The Potomac River flows into the Chesapeake Bay, located along the mid-Atlantic coast of the United States. The river is approximately long, with a drainage area of about 14,700 square miles...
. Lee and his officers stopped to eat at the Fairfield Inn, which is still operated as a small hotel to this day.
Geography
Fairfield is located at 39°47′14"N 77°22′10"W (39.787260, -77.369399).According to the United States Census Bureau
United States Census Bureau
The United States Census Bureau is the government agency that is responsible for the United States Census. It also gathers other national demographic and economic data...
, the borough has a total area of 0.7 square miles (1.8 km²), all of it land.
Demographics
As of the censusCensus
A census is the procedure of systematically acquiring and recording information about the members of a given population. It is a regularly occurring and official count of a particular population. The term is used mostly in connection with national population and housing censuses; other common...
of 2000, there were 486 people, 232 households, and 139 families residing in the borough. The population density
Population density
Population density is a measurement of population per unit area or unit volume. It is frequently applied to living organisms, and particularly to humans...
was 708.2 people per square mile (272.0/km²). There were 245 housing units at an average density of 357.0 per square mile (137.1/km²). The racial makeup of the borough was 98.35% White, 0.62% Asian, 0.41% from other races
Race (United States Census)
Race and ethnicity in the United States Census, as defined by the Federal Office of Management and Budget and the United States Census Bureau, are self-identification data items in which residents choose the race or races with which they most closely identify, and indicate whether or not they are...
, and 0.62% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.62% of the population.
There were 232 households out of which 25.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 50.4% were married couples
Marriage
Marriage is a social union or legal contract between people that creates kinship. It is an institution in which interpersonal relationships, usually intimate and sexual, are acknowledged in a variety of ways, depending on the culture or subculture in which it is found...
living together, 7.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 39.7% were non-families. 36.6% of all households were made up of individuals and 21.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.09 and the average family size was 2.67.
In the borough the population was spread out with 20.8% under the age of 18, 3.7% from 18 to 24, 26.1% from 25 to 44, 25.5% from 45 to 64, and 23.9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 45 years. For every 100 females there were 86.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 84.2 males.
The median income for a household in the borough was $31,053, and the median income for a family was $39,219. Males had a median income of $28,750 versus $21,250 for females. The per capita income
Per capita income
Per capita income or income per person is a measure of mean income within an economic aggregate, such as a country or city. It is calculated by taking a measure of all sources of income in the aggregate and dividing it by the total population...
for the borough was $17,243. About 0.7% of families and 3.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 2.0% of those under age 18 and 7.2% of those age 65 or over.
Education
The Fairfield Area School DistrictFairfield Area School District
Fairfield Area School District is a small, rural, public school district. It serves Fairfield, Pennsylvania, USA and covers the boroughs of Fairfield and Carroll Valley as well as Hamiltonban Township and Liberty Township. Fairfield Area School District encompasses approximately 61 square miles....
is located in south central Pennsylvania on the Maryland border. It has an elementary, middle, and high school located in Fairfield, PA. The school district has approximately 1,300 students. Its sports teams are named the Knights.