FS Class E626
Encyclopedia
The FS E.625 and E.626 are two classes of Italian electric locomotive
s produced for the Ferrovie dello Stato
. They were introduced in the course of the 1920s and remained in service until the 1990s. The E.626 was the first locomotive fed by 3,000 V DC lines in Italy.
(FS, Italian Railways) for a new locomotive to be used under the new 3,000 V DC line being built between Foggia
and Benevento
. The design was carried out by the team of Giuseppe Bianchi
, the "founder" of modern Italian railroads, at the FS Traction and Material Service in Florence
. The requirement specified the locomotive should have 6 traction axles, to improve adhesion in steep lines.
The E.626 series was built in 448 units and three series, each with only slight electro-mechanic differences: unadvanced but reliable, it subsequently constituted the mainstay of the new FS lines at 3,000 V DC, which gradually spread to the whole peninsula. The firsts tests occurred on the Foggia-Benevento line in the September 1927, using three prototypes built at Savigliano
, with the electric part provided by the Metropolitan-Vickers of Manchester
. The first 14 prototypes (8 E625 with shorter gear ratio, for cargo services, and 6 E626) proved powerful and reliable, and entered service the following year. The only teething problem encountered was with the six 32R motors mounting on the axles, hanging laterally over transverse beams, a system devised to avoid the complicate side rods of the contemporary steam and three-phase locomotives: after a series of breakdowns, it was decided to limit the speed to 95 km/h. Traction control was provided by three different configurations of the motors' coupling (series, series-parallel, parallel) through banks of resistor-based rheostats. The transmission was rather noisy, but at the time the crew's comfort was not an important issue. The carbody was in a single steel piece, mounting on an articulated chassis. The large bonnets at the front limited the visibility of the rails, and were reduced in size from the 3rd series.
In 1930 the mass production was started, with a first series of 85 units. In the meantime the E.625 were re-converted to E.626. In 1934-1938 a record number of 308 units was built, while in 1939 the last series, with short gear ratio, was shipped (they were later standardized). The new E636
of the 1940s initially shared the motors and part of the electro-mechanic devices wit the E.626.
After the destruction of the World War II
, in 1946 an updating and repairing program was launched, while other units remained in the countries previously occupied by Italy. 17 locomotives were ceded to the Yugoslavian Railways (Class E361) and, in 1958, 4 were given to Czechoslovakia (Class E 666.0). Now inadequate to the passenger role, the E626 were transferred to the cargo service, apart several commuter trains in some areas of Italy.
Starting from the 1970s, 14 units were sold to private railways, while the aging E.626 still in service with FS (also after complains of trade unions against harsh working conditions of the crew) were increasingly replaced by more modern classes, and demolished. The last unit to be decommissioned was the E626.194, which was used for rescue trains, in 1999.
Seven units survive today in museums, while 11 refurbished locomotives are used for historical trains.
Electric locomotive
An electric locomotive is a locomotive powered by electricity from overhead lines, a third rail or an on-board energy storage device...
s produced for the Ferrovie dello Stato
Ferrovie dello Stato
Ferrovie dello Stato is a government-owned holding which manage infrastructure and service on the Italian rail network. The subsidiary Trenitalia is the main rail operator in Italy.-Organization:Ferrovie dello Stato subsidiaries are:...
. They were introduced in the course of the 1920s and remained in service until the 1990s. The E.626 was the first locomotive fed by 3,000 V DC lines in Italy.
History
The E.626 class is the result of a requirement issued in 1926 by the Ferrovie dello StatoFerrovie dello Stato
Ferrovie dello Stato is a government-owned holding which manage infrastructure and service on the Italian rail network. The subsidiary Trenitalia is the main rail operator in Italy.-Organization:Ferrovie dello Stato subsidiaries are:...
(FS, Italian Railways) for a new locomotive to be used under the new 3,000 V DC line being built between Foggia
Foggia
Foggia is a city and comune of Apulia, Italy, capital of the province of Foggia. Foggia is the main city of a plain called Tavoliere, also known as the "granary of Italy".-History:...
and Benevento
Benevento
Benevento is a town and comune of Campania, Italy, capital of the province of Benevento, 50 km northeast of Naples. It is situated on a hill 130 m above sea-level at the confluence of the Calore Irpino and Sabato...
. The design was carried out by the team of Giuseppe Bianchi
Giuseppe Bianchi (engineer)
Giuseppe Bianchi was an Italian railway engineer on the Ferrovie dello Stato between 1913 and 1946.-Life:Born at Imola, Bianchi graduated in electrical mechanical engineering at the University of Turin in 1912...
, the "founder" of modern Italian railroads, at the FS Traction and Material Service in Florence
Florence
Florence is the capital city of the Italian region of Tuscany and of the province of Florence. It is the most populous city in Tuscany, with approximately 370,000 inhabitants, expanding to over 1.5 million in the metropolitan area....
. The requirement specified the locomotive should have 6 traction axles, to improve adhesion in steep lines.
The E.626 series was built in 448 units and three series, each with only slight electro-mechanic differences: unadvanced but reliable, it subsequently constituted the mainstay of the new FS lines at 3,000 V DC, which gradually spread to the whole peninsula. The firsts tests occurred on the Foggia-Benevento line in the September 1927, using three prototypes built at Savigliano
Savigliano
Savigliano is a comune of Piedmont, northern Italy, in the Province of Cuneo, c. 50 kilometers south of Turin by rail....
, with the electric part provided by the Metropolitan-Vickers of Manchester
Manchester
Manchester is a city and metropolitan borough in Greater Manchester, England. According to the Office for National Statistics, the 2010 mid-year population estimate for Manchester was 498,800. Manchester lies within one of the UK's largest metropolitan areas, the metropolitan county of Greater...
. The first 14 prototypes (8 E625 with shorter gear ratio, for cargo services, and 6 E626) proved powerful and reliable, and entered service the following year. The only teething problem encountered was with the six 32R motors mounting on the axles, hanging laterally over transverse beams, a system devised to avoid the complicate side rods of the contemporary steam and three-phase locomotives: after a series of breakdowns, it was decided to limit the speed to 95 km/h. Traction control was provided by three different configurations of the motors' coupling (series, series-parallel, parallel) through banks of resistor-based rheostats. The transmission was rather noisy, but at the time the crew's comfort was not an important issue. The carbody was in a single steel piece, mounting on an articulated chassis. The large bonnets at the front limited the visibility of the rails, and were reduced in size from the 3rd series.
In 1930 the mass production was started, with a first series of 85 units. In the meantime the E.625 were re-converted to E.626. In 1934-1938 a record number of 308 units was built, while in 1939 the last series, with short gear ratio, was shipped (they were later standardized). The new E636
FS class E636
The FS E636 is a class of Italian articulated electric locomotives. They were introduced in the course of the 1940s until the 1960s, and have been decommissioned in 2006. They have been one of the most numerous Italian locomotive group, and have been widely employed during their long career,...
of the 1940s initially shared the motors and part of the electro-mechanic devices wit the E.626.
World War II
World War II, or the Second World War , was a global conflict lasting from 1939 to 1945, involving most of the world's nations—including all of the great powers—eventually forming two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis...
, in 1946 an updating and repairing program was launched, while other units remained in the countries previously occupied by Italy. 17 locomotives were ceded to the Yugoslavian Railways (Class E361) and, in 1958, 4 were given to Czechoslovakia (Class E 666.0). Now inadequate to the passenger role, the E626 were transferred to the cargo service, apart several commuter trains in some areas of Italy.
Starting from the 1970s, 14 units were sold to private railways, while the aging E.626 still in service with FS (also after complains of trade unions against harsh working conditions of the crew) were increasingly replaced by more modern classes, and demolished. The last unit to be decommissioned was the E626.194, which was used for rescue trains, in 1999.
Seven units survive today in museums, while 11 refurbished locomotives are used for historical trains.