European Transmission System Operators
Encyclopedia
The European Network of Transmission System Operators for Electricity (ENTSO-E) is an association of Europe's transmission system operator
s (TSOs) for electricity. It is a successor of ETSO, the association of European transmission system operators founded in 1999 in response to the emergence of the internal electricity market within the European Union
.
a declaration of intent to create the ENTSO-E. The ENTSO-E was established on 19 December 2008 in Brussels
by 42 TSOs as a successor of six regional associations of the electricity transmission system operators. The ENTSO-E became operational on 1 July 2009. The former associations ETSO, ATSOI, UKTSOA, NORDEL, UCTE and BALTSO became a part of the ENTSO-E, while still offering data by their predecessors for public interest.
. In 2003, the European Commission
conducted a sector inquiry concerning the competition of electricity market
in six European countries. Examining competition in these countries, the final report stated serious issues to be solved. It was noticed that the integration between member state's markets is still insufficient. Additionally, the absence of transparently available market information was assessed. As a result, the third legislative package on the EU gas and electricity markets was adopted by the European Commission in September 2007.
The ENTSO-E now contains 42 TSO
s from 34 countries, which now share an interconnected transmission grid in the EU.
s of Continental Europe joined the association. In 1999, UCTE re-defined itself as an association of TSOs. Before merging to ENTSO-E, UCTE represented 29 transmission system operators of 24 countries operating the synchronous grid of Continental Europe.
and System Operator for Northern Ireland (SONI), the members of the former Association of the Transmission System Operators of Ireland (ATSOI).
is defined by a standard of 50 hertz
. As electric generation and consumption differs, the power transmission grid has to be balanced. There should be the same amount of input and output. Nevertheless changes in the frequency may occur if supply or demand exceeds its counterpart. In case of too much supply the frequency will increase, while in case of too much demand it will decrease. The main task is to keep the frequencies of all five synchronous areas balanced around the 50 hertz standard to ensure a safe power supply.
and EFET (European Federation of Energy Traders) ENTSO-E maintains a Harmonised role model for the European electricity market.
Transmission system operator
File:Electricity grid simple- North America.svg|thumb|380px|right|Simplified diagram of AC electricity distribution from generation stations to consumersrect 2 243 235 438 Power stationrect 276 317 412 556 Transformer...
s (TSOs) for electricity. It is a successor of ETSO, the association of European transmission system operators founded in 1999 in response to the emergence of the internal electricity market within the European Union
European Union
The European Union is an economic and political union of 27 independent member states which are located primarily in Europe. The EU traces its origins from the European Coal and Steel Community and the European Economic Community , formed by six countries in 1958...
.
History
On 27 June 2008, 36 European electricity transmission system operators (TSO) signed in PraguePrague
Prague is the capital and largest city of the Czech Republic. Situated in the north-west of the country on the Vltava river, the city is home to about 1.3 million people, while its metropolitan area is estimated to have a population of over 2.3 million...
a declaration of intent to create the ENTSO-E. The ENTSO-E was established on 19 December 2008 in Brussels
Brussels
Brussels , officially the Brussels Region or Brussels-Capital Region , is the capital of Belgium and the de facto capital of the European Union...
by 42 TSOs as a successor of six regional associations of the electricity transmission system operators. The ENTSO-E became operational on 1 July 2009. The former associations ETSO, ATSOI, UKTSOA, NORDEL, UCTE and BALTSO became a part of the ENTSO-E, while still offering data by their predecessors for public interest.
Objectives
Creation of the ENTSO-E was initiated by the adoption of the European Union third legislative package on the gas and electricity marketsThird Energy Package
The European Union's Third Energy Package is a legislative package for an internal gas and electricity market in the European Union. Its purpose is to to further open up the gas and electricity markets in the European Union. The package was proposed by the European Commission in September 2007,...
. In 2003, the European Commission
European Commission
The European Commission is the executive body of the European Union. The body is responsible for proposing legislation, implementing decisions, upholding the Union's treaties and the general day-to-day running of the Union....
conducted a sector inquiry concerning the competition of electricity market
Electricity market
In economic terms, electricity is a commodity capable of being bought, sold and traded. An electricity market is a system for effecting purchases, through bids to buy; sales, through offers to sell; and short-term trades, generally in the form of financial or obligation swaps. Bids and offers use...
in six European countries. Examining competition in these countries, the final report stated serious issues to be solved. It was noticed that the integration between member state's markets is still insufficient. Additionally, the absence of transparently available market information was assessed. As a result, the third legislative package on the EU gas and electricity markets was adopted by the European Commission in September 2007.
Main tasks
- Elaboration and establishment of network codes
- Ensure coordination of network operation by common network operation tools
- Develop a ten-year network development plan
- Publish annual work programme, annual reportAnnual reportAn annual report is a comprehensive report on a company's activities throughout the preceding year. Annual reports are intended to give shareholders and other interested people information about the company's activities and financial performance...
and annual summer and winter generation adequacy outlooks
Objectives
- Security of supplySupply (economics)In economics, supply is the amount of some product producers are willing and able to sell at a given price all other factors being held constant. Usually, supply is plotted as a supply curve showing the relationship of price to the amount of product businesses are willing to sell.In economics the...
- Meeting the needs of the Internal Energy Market and facilitating market integration
- Promotion of relevant R&D and the public acceptability of transmission infrastructure
- Consultation with Stakeholders and positions towards energy policy issues
Members
TSO
Tso or tsho transliterate a Tibetan word for lake.TSO is a three letter abbreviation commonly used to represent:- In science and technology :...
s from 34 countries, which now share an interconnected transmission grid in the EU.
| ISO country code | Country | TSO | Abbr. |
|---|---|---|---|
| AT | Austria | TIWAG Netz | ??? |
| AT | Austria | Verbund - Austrian Power Grid | APG |
| AT | Austria | VKW-Netz | |
| BE | Belgium | Elia System Operator Elia System Operator Elia System Operator SA is an electric power transmission system operator of Belgium.-History:Elia was created as a result of the legal unbundling in the electricity market. On 28 June 2001, Elia became the independent limited liability company. It was appointed as the federal transmission system... |
|
| BS | Bosnia Herzegovina | ISO BiH | |
| BG | Bulgaria | Electroenergien Sistemen Operator | |
| HR | Croatia | Hrvatska elektroprivreda Hrvatska elektroprivreda Hrvatska elektroprivreda is a national power company in Croatia which has been engaged in electricity production, transmission and distribution for more than one century, and with heat supply and gas distribution for the past few decades... |
HEP-OPS |
| CY | Cyprus | Cyprus Transmission System Operator | Cyprus TSO |
| CZ | Czech Republic | ČEPS | |
| DK | Denmark | Energinet.dk Energinet.dk Energinet.dk is the Danish national transmission system operator for electricity and natural gas. It is an independent public enterprise owned by the Danish state under the Ministry of Climate and Energy... |
|
| EE | Estonia | Elering Elering Elering is an electric power transmission system operator in Estonia. Elering was established on 1 November 1998 under the name of Põhivõrk as an operating unit of the Estonian national power company Eesti Energia. On 1 April 2004, it became a private limited company, OÜ Põhivõrk, as a subsidiary... |
|
| FI | Finland | Fingrid Fingrid Fingrid Oyj is a Finnish national electricity transmission grid operator. It is owned by the Finnish state , power companies Fortum and Pohjolan Voima and financial investors . CEO of the company is Jukka Ruusunen.... |
|
| FR | France | Réseau de Transport d'Électricité Réseau de Transport d'Électricité Réseau de Transport d'Électricité , usually known as RTE, is the electricity transmission system operator of France... |
RTE |
| DE | Germany | EnBW Transportnetze | EnBW TNG |
| DE | Germany | Tennet TSO TenneT TenneT B.V. is the national electricity transmission system operator of the Netherlands, headquartered in Arnhem. Controlled and owned by the Dutch government, it is responsible for overseeing the operation of the 380 and 220 kV high-voltage grid throughout the Netherlands and its... |
TTG |
| DE | Germany | Amprion Amprion Amprion GmbH is one of the four transmission system operators for electricity in Germany and is a subsidiary of RWE AG and has ca. 850 employees.... |
|
| DE | Germany | 50Hertz Transmission | 50Hertz |
| GR | Greece | Hellenic Transmission System Operator | HTSO |
| HU | Hungary | MAVIR | |
| IS | Iceland | Landsnet Landsnet Landsnet is a transmission system operator of the Icelandic high-voltage power grid. It is a public company owned by Landsvirkjun , Rafmagnsveitur rikisins , Orkuveita Reykjavíkur , and Orkubu Vestfjarða .... |
|
| IE | Ireland | EirGrid Eirgrid EirGrid plc is the state-owned electric power transmission operator in the Republic of Ireland. It is a public limited company registered under the Companies Acts; Its shares are held by the Minister for Communications, Energy and Natural Resources who appoints the board and the Minister for Finance... |
|
| IT | Italy | Terna Terna (company) Terna S.p.A. - Rete Elettrica Nazionale is a company based in Rome which owns and operates around 98% of the Italian high-voltage power transmission grid. Formerly a wholly owned subsidiary of Enel, the company was IPO-ed in 2004. Enel continues to hold around 5% of the firm, with the major... |
|
| LV | Latvia | Augstsprieguma tïkls | |
| LT | Lithuania | Litgrid | |
| LU | Luxembourg | Creos Luxembourg | |
| MK | Republic of Macedonia | MEPSO | |
| ME | Montenegro | AD Prenos | |
| NL | Netherlands | TenneT TenneT TenneT B.V. is the national electricity transmission system operator of the Netherlands, headquartered in Arnhem. Controlled and owned by the Dutch government, it is responsible for overseeing the operation of the 380 and 220 kV high-voltage grid throughout the Netherlands and its... |
|
| NO | Norway | Statnett Statnett Statnett is a Norwegian state owned enterprise responsible for owning, operating and constructing the stem power grid in Norway. The company has its headquarters in Oslo, Norway.... |
|
| PL | Poland | PSE-Operator | |
| PT | Portugal | Redes Energéticas Nacionais | REN |
| RO | Romania | Transelectrica Transelectrica Transelectrica , is a joint - stock 100% state-owned company, its shares being held by the Ministry of Economy and Commerce. August 26th2006 marks the public listing of 10% of the company's shares on the Bucharest Stock Exchange .... |
|
| RS | Serbia | JP Elektromreža Srbije | |
| SK | Slovak Republic | SEPS | |
| SI | Slovenia | Elektro-Slovenija Elektro-Slovenija Elektro-Slovenija, d.o.o. is a state-owned electricity transmission company of Slovenia. The company was funded in 1991 by the Government of Slovenia. It is an only power transmission system operator in the country. ELES operates the network of 400 kV, 220 kV and 110 kV... |
ELES |
| ES | Spain | Red Eléctrica de España Red Eléctrica de España Red Eléctrica de España is a Spanish corporation which operates the nation's power transmission system and electricity grid.The company was created in 1985 by the Spanish Government-owned holding company Instituto Nacional de Industria to provide a unified national power grid.The firm was also... |
REE |
| SE | Sweden | Svenska Kraftnät Svenska Kraftnät Svenska Kraftnät is an electricity and natural gas transmission system operator in Sweden. It is a state-owned public utility, which was created in 1992 by splitting the former government agency Vattenfall into a power generation company and a transmission company... |
|
| CH | Switzerland | swissgrid | |
| GB | United Kingdom | National Grid plc National Grid plc National Grid plc is a multinational electricity and gas utility company headquartered in London, United Kingdom. Its principal activities are in the United Kingdom and northeastern United States and it is one of the largest investor-owned energy companies in the world.National Grid is listed on... |
National Grid |
| GB | United Kingdom | System Operator for Northern Ireland | SONI |
| GB | United Kingdom | Scottish and Southern Energy | SSE |
| GB | United Kingdom | Scottish Power Transmission plc | SPTransmission |
Regional structure
ENTSO-E is divided into five regional groups, which derive from the historic background of the former associations.Continental Europe
The regional group of Continental Europe includes the members of the former Union for the Co-ordination of Transmission of Electricity (UCTE). The UCTE was founded in 1951 as the Union for the Coordination of Production and Transmission of Electricity consisting of an interconnected companies from Switzerland, France and Germany. Over the time, most of TSOTSO
Tso or tsho transliterate a Tibetan word for lake.TSO is a three letter abbreviation commonly used to represent:- In science and technology :...
s of Continental Europe joined the association. In 1999, UCTE re-defined itself as an association of TSOs. Before merging to ENTSO-E, UCTE represented 29 transmission system operators of 24 countries operating the synchronous grid of Continental Europe.
Ireland
The region of Ireland consists of EirGridEirgrid
EirGrid plc is the state-owned electric power transmission operator in the Republic of Ireland. It is a public limited company registered under the Companies Acts; Its shares are held by the Minister for Communications, Energy and Natural Resources who appoints the board and the Minister for Finance...
and System Operator for Northern Ireland (SONI), the members of the former Association of the Transmission System Operators of Ireland (ATSOI).
United Kingdom
The region of the United Kingdom consists of the TSOs of the United Kingdom, a members of the UK Transmission System Operators Association (UKTSOA).Nordic
The Nordic region consists of Finland, Sweden, Norway and Eastern Denmark, the members of the former Nordic TSO association NORDEL. NORDEL was founded in 1963 for co-operation between the TSOs of Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway and Sweden for a further development of an harmonized Nordic electricity market.Baltic
The Baltic region consists of Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania. Before creation of the ENTSO-E, the Baltic TSOs were members of the Baltic Transmission System Operators association (BALTSO). BALTSO was founded on 30 March 2006.Frequency
In order to ensure a working European power grid, the operating frequencyFrequency
Frequency is the number of occurrences of a repeating event per unit time. It is also referred to as temporal frequency.The period is the duration of one cycle in a repeating event, so the period is the reciprocal of the frequency...
is defined by a standard of 50 hertz
Hertz
The hertz is the SI unit of frequency defined as the number of cycles per second of a periodic phenomenon. One of its most common uses is the description of the sine wave, particularly those used in radio and audio applications....
. As electric generation and consumption differs, the power transmission grid has to be balanced. There should be the same amount of input and output. Nevertheless changes in the frequency may occur if supply or demand exceeds its counterpart. In case of too much supply the frequency will increase, while in case of too much demand it will decrease. The main task is to keep the frequencies of all five synchronous areas balanced around the 50 hertz standard to ensure a safe power supply.
Electronic data interchange
An open European electricity market needs a considerable electronic data interchange between all market participants in order to improve the coordination between different inter-country systems. The aim of the ENTSO-E is to offer all participants the necessary information of the existing EDI standards and their specifications. In association with ebiXEbIX
ebIX, European forum for energy Business Information eXchange, is a non-profit European organisation with the objectives to advance, develop and standardise the use of electronic information exchange in the European energy industry. ebIX was founded in 2003 as a European organisation continuing the...
and EFET (European Federation of Energy Traders) ENTSO-E maintains a Harmonised role model for the European electricity market.
System development
The ENTSO-E will publish a ten-year network development statement, which ought to ensure the reliability and security of electric energy supply in Europe. An adequate grid should be available for the functioning of the European electricity market. The committee will introduce technical rules and standards related to the planning of transmission systems and new technical concepts within R&D-activities. Furthermore it will focus on facilitating the exchange of information about efficient asset management, system technology and critical infrastructure protection among members. In order to fulfill its duties and tasks, the committee will investigate and develop long-term and medium-term system extension strategies, draw system studies and collect data relevant for system development.See also
- EURELECTRICEURELECTRICEURELECTRIC is the sector association representing the common interests of the European electricity industry and its worldwide affiliates and associates...
- Agency for the Cooperation of Energy RegulatorsAgency for the Cooperation of Energy RegulatorsThe European Agency for the Cooperation of Energy Regulators is an Agency of the European Union by the 3rd Liberalisation Package in 2009. Its seat is Ljubljana, Slovenia....
- European Energy Community
- European Network of Transmission System Operators for GasEuropean Network of Transmission System Operators for GasThe European Network of Transmission System Operators for Gas is an association of Europe's transmission system operators . ENTSOG was created on 1 December 2009 by 31 TSOs from 21 European countries. Creation of the ENTSOG was initiated by the adoption of the European Union third...
(ENTSOG) - IPS/UPSIPS/UPSThe IPS/UPS is a wide area synchronous transmission grid of some CIS countries with a common mode of operation and centralized supervisory control. It has an installed generation capacity of 300 gigawatts, and produces 1,200 terawatt-hours per year for its 280 million customers...
– TSO organization for the networks of most of the former Soviet republics and Mongolia - SuperSmart GridSuperSmart GridThe SuperSmart Grid is a hypothetical wide area electricity network connecting Europe with northern Africa, the Middle East, Turkey and the IPS/UPS system of CIS countries. The system would unify super grid and smart grid capabilities into a comprehensive network...
, European super gridEuropean super gridThe European super grid is a possible future super grid that would ultimately interconnect the various European countries and the regions around Europe's borders – including North Africa, Kazakhstan, Ukraine, etc...