Ethanolamine ammonia-lyase
Encyclopedia
In enzymology, an ethanolamine ammonia-lyase is an enzyme
that catalyzes
the chemical reaction
Hence, this enzyme has one substrate
, ethanolamine
, and two products
, acetaldehyde
and NH3
.
This enzyme belongs to the family of lyase
s, specifically ammonia lyases, which cleave carbon-nitrogen bonds. The systematic name of this enzyme class is ethanolamine ammonia-lyase (acetaldehyde-forming). This enzyme is also called ethanolamine deaminase. This enzyme participates in glycerophospholipid metabolism. It employs one cofactor
, adenosylcobalamin.
have been solved for this class of enzymes. The first structure solved was the active site containing EutB subunit of EAL from Listeria monocytogenes with the PDB
accession code . Later, more structures have became available from Escherichia coli
that include both EAL subunits bound to various ligands.
Enzyme
Enzymes are proteins that catalyze chemical reactions. In enzymatic reactions, the molecules at the beginning of the process, called substrates, are converted into different molecules, called products. Almost all chemical reactions in a biological cell need enzymes in order to occur at rates...
that catalyzes
Catalysis
Catalysis is the change in rate of a chemical reaction due to the participation of a substance called a catalyst. Unlike other reagents that participate in the chemical reaction, a catalyst is not consumed by the reaction itself. A catalyst may participate in multiple chemical transformations....
the chemical reaction
Chemical reaction
A chemical reaction is a process that leads to the transformation of one set of chemical substances to another. Chemical reactions can be either spontaneous, requiring no input of energy, or non-spontaneous, typically following the input of some type of energy, such as heat, light or electricity...
- ethanolamine
acetaldehyde + NH3
Hence, this enzyme has one substrate
Substrate (biochemistry)
In biochemistry, a substrate is a molecule upon which an enzyme acts. Enzymes catalyze chemical reactions involving the substrate. In the case of a single substrate, the substrate binds with the enzyme active site, and an enzyme-substrate complex is formed. The substrate is transformed into one or...
, ethanolamine
Ethanolamine
Ethanolamine, also called 2-aminoethanol or monoethanolamine , is an organic chemical compound that is both a primary amine and a primary alcohol . Like other amines, monoethanolamine acts as a weak base...
, and two products
Product (chemistry)
Product are formed during chemical reactions as reagents are consumed. Products have lower energy than the reagents and are produced during the reaction according to the second law of thermodynamics. The released energy comes from changes in chemical bonds between atoms in reagent molecules and...
, acetaldehyde
Acetaldehyde
Acetaldehyde is an organic chemical compound with the formula CH3CHO or MeCHO. It is one of the most important aldehydes, occurring widely in nature and being produced on a large scale industrially. Acetaldehyde occurs naturally in coffee, bread, and ripe fruit, and is produced by plants as part...
and NH3
Ammonia
Ammonia is a compound of nitrogen and hydrogen with the formula . It is a colourless gas with a characteristic pungent odour. Ammonia contributes significantly to the nutritional needs of terrestrial organisms by serving as a precursor to food and fertilizers. Ammonia, either directly or...
.
This enzyme belongs to the family of lyase
Lyase
In biochemistry, a lyase is an enzyme that catalyzes the breaking of various chemical bonds by means other than hydrolysis and oxidation, often forming a new double bond or a new ring structure...
s, specifically ammonia lyases, which cleave carbon-nitrogen bonds. The systematic name of this enzyme class is ethanolamine ammonia-lyase (acetaldehyde-forming). This enzyme is also called ethanolamine deaminase. This enzyme participates in glycerophospholipid metabolism. It employs one cofactor
Cofactor (biochemistry)
A cofactor is a non-protein chemical compound that is bound to a protein and is required for the protein's biological activity. These proteins are commonly enzymes, and cofactors can be considered "helper molecules" that assist in biochemical transformations....
, adenosylcobalamin.
Structural studies
As of early 2011, several structuresTertiary structure
In biochemistry and molecular biology, the tertiary structure of a protein or any other macromolecule is its three-dimensional structure, as defined by the atomic coordinates.-Relationship to primary structure:...
have been solved for this class of enzymes. The first structure solved was the active site containing EutB subunit of EAL from Listeria monocytogenes with the PDB
Protein Data Bank
The Protein Data Bank is a repository for the 3-D structural data of large biological molecules, such as proteins and nucleic acids....
accession code . Later, more structures have became available from Escherichia coli
Escherichia coli
Escherichia coli is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped bacterium that is commonly found in the lower intestine of warm-blooded organisms . Most E. coli strains are harmless, but some serotypes can cause serious food poisoning in humans, and are occasionally responsible for product recalls...
that include both EAL subunits bound to various ligands.