Estonian parliamentary election, 1992
Encyclopedia
Estonia
n parliamentary election of 1992 was held on 20th September, 1992. This term of parliament was elected according constitution application law for 3 years. The threshold was 5% of the national vote or 3 personal mandates. To get a personal mandate candidate must collect at least a quota votes in multimember constituency. 7 lists passed threshold and 2 lists had mandates using a personal mandate clause.
The first parliamentary election after Estonia had regained independence, brought in power a new generation of politicians who had contested moderate pro-independence policies carried out by PM Edgar Savisaar
and his Popular Front of Estonia.
The winner, five-party electoral cartel Fatherland led by Mart Laar
, formed the cabinet together with national-conservative Estonian National Independence Party and centrist alliance Moderates. The opposition was split in two: moderate and centre-left camp of Coalition Party plus Centre Party on one side, and protest groups Estonian Citizen and Independent Royalists on the other side. The latter was by the way probably the most successful fun party of the world, as it had 8 parliament deputies.
Turnout: 467,628; 67.84%
Invalid votes: 9,381; 2.01%
Valid votes: 458,247; 98.00%
5% national threshold: 22912.35
Estonia
Estonia , officially the Republic of Estonia , is a state in the Baltic region of Northern Europe. It is bordered to the north by the Gulf of Finland, to the west by the Baltic Sea, to the south by Latvia , and to the east by Lake Peipsi and the Russian Federation . Across the Baltic Sea lies...
n parliamentary election of 1992 was held on 20th September, 1992. This term of parliament was elected according constitution application law for 3 years. The threshold was 5% of the national vote or 3 personal mandates. To get a personal mandate candidate must collect at least a quota votes in multimember constituency. 7 lists passed threshold and 2 lists had mandates using a personal mandate clause.
The first parliamentary election after Estonia had regained independence, brought in power a new generation of politicians who had contested moderate pro-independence policies carried out by PM Edgar Savisaar
Edgar Savisaar
Edgar Savisaar , is an Estonian politician, one of the founding members of Popular Front of Estonia and the leader of the Centre Party. He has served as the acting Prime Minister of Estonia, Minister of Internal affairs and Minister of Economic Affairs and Communications...
and his Popular Front of Estonia.
The winner, five-party electoral cartel Fatherland led by Mart Laar
Mart Laar
Mart Laar is an Estonian statesman, historian and a founding member of the Foundation for the Investigation of Communist Crimes. He was the Prime Minister of Estonia from 1992 to 1994 and from 1999 to 2002, and is the leader of the conservative party Union of Pro Patria and Res Publica...
, formed the cabinet together with national-conservative Estonian National Independence Party and centrist alliance Moderates. The opposition was split in two: moderate and centre-left camp of Coalition Party plus Centre Party on one side, and protest groups Estonian Citizen and Independent Royalists on the other side. The latter was by the way probably the most successful fun party of the world, as it had 8 parliament deputies.
Results
| Party Political party A political party is a political organization that typically seeks to influence government policy, usually by nominating their own candidates and trying to seat them in political office. Parties participate in electoral campaigns, educational outreach or protest actions... |
Ideology | Votes | % | MPs Member of Parliament A Member of Parliament is a representative of the voters to a :parliament. In many countries with bicameral parliaments, the term applies specifically to members of the lower house, as upper houses often have a different title, such as senate, and thus also have different titles for its members,... |
% of MPs |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bloc "Fatherland Pro Patria Union The Pro Patria Union was a conservative political party in Estonia. The party was founded on 2 December 1995 by merging the Estonian National Independence Party and the National Coalition Party Pro Patria .On April 4, 2006, representatives of the Pro Patria Union and the representatives of Res... " (Valimisliit "Isamaa") |
Conservatism Conservatism Conservatism is a political and social philosophy that promotes the maintenance of traditional institutions and supports, at the most, minimal and gradual change in society. Some conservatives seek to preserve things as they are, emphasizing stability and continuity, while others oppose modernism... , christian democracy Christian Democracy Christian democracy is a political ideology that seeks to apply Christian principles to public policy. It emerged in nineteenth-century Europe under the influence of conservatism and Catholic social teaching... |
100,828 | 22.0% | 29 | 28.7% |
| Bloc "Safe Home" (Valimisliit "Kindel Kodu") |
Liberalism Liberalism Liberalism is the belief in the importance of liberty and equal rights. Liberals espouse a wide array of views depending on their understanding of these principles, but generally, liberals support ideas such as constitutionalism, liberal democracy, free and fair elections, human rights,... , Agrarianism Agrarianism Agrarianism has two common meanings. The first meaning refers to a social philosophy or political philosophy which values rural society as superior to urban society, the independent farmer as superior to the paid worker, and sees farming as a way of life that can shape the ideal social values... |
62,329 | 13.6% | 17 | 16.8% |
| Bloc "Popular Front Rahvarinne The Popular Front of Estonia - initially introduced to the public by Estonian politician Edgar Savisaar as the "Popular Front for the Support of Perestroika" - a name soon discarded - was a political organization in Estonia in late 1980s and early 1990s... " (Valimisliit "Rahvaliit") |
Centrism Centrism In politics, centrism is the ideal or the practice of promoting policies that lie different from the standard political left and political right. Most commonly, this is visualized as part of the one-dimensional political spectrum of left-right politics, with centrism landing in the middle between... |
56,124 | 12.2% | 15 | 14.9% |
| Bloc "Moderates Social Democratic Party (Estonia) The Social Democratic Party is a social-democratic party in Estonia, led by Sven Mikser. It has been a member of the Party of European Socialists since 16 May 2003 and a member of the Socialist International since November 1990.... " (Valimisliit "Mõõdukad") |
Social democracy Social democracy Social democracy is a political ideology of the center-left on the political spectrum. Social democracy is officially a form of evolutionary reformist socialism. It supports class collaboration as the course to achieve socialism... agrarianism Agrarianism Agrarianism has two common meanings. The first meaning refers to a social philosophy or political philosophy which values rural society as superior to urban society, the independent farmer as superior to the paid worker, and sees farming as a way of life that can shape the ideal social values... |
44,577 | 9.7% | 12 | 11.9% |
| Estonian National Independence Party (Eesti Rahvusliku Sõltumatuse Partei) |
Nationalism Nationalism Nationalism is a political ideology that involves a strong identification of a group of individuals with a political entity defined in national terms, i.e. a nation. In the 'modernist' image of the nation, it is nationalism that creates national identity. There are various definitions for what... |
40,260 | 8.8% | 10 | 9.9% |
| Bloc "Independent Royalists Independent Royalist Party of Estonia The Independent Royalist Party of Estonia was a frivolous political party in early post-Soviet Estonia.The party, widely considered a humorous expression of protest, was surprisingly successful in the first post-Soviet elections of Riigikogu, gaining 8 seats after spending a grand total of 1 kroon... " (Valimisliit "Sõltumatud Kuningriiklased") |
Royalism, frivolous |
32,638 | 7.1% | 8 | 7.9% |
| Bloc "Estonian Citizen" (Valimisliit "Eesti Kodanik") |
Nationalism Nationalism Nationalism is a political ideology that involves a strong identification of a group of individuals with a political entity defined in national terms, i.e. a nation. In the 'modernist' image of the nation, it is nationalism that creates national identity. There are various definitions for what... |
31,553 | 6.9% | 8 | 7.9% |
| Bloc "Estonian Pensioners' Union" (Valimisliit "Eesti Pensionäride Liit") |
Pensioners' interests Pensioners' Party Pensioners' Party or Party of Pensioners may refer to:*Pensioners Party *Pensioners Party *Pensioners Party *Pensioners' Party *Pensioners' Party of Bosnia and Herzegovina*Pensioners' Party of the Republika Srpska... |
17,011 | 3.7% | — | — |
| Farmers' Assembly (Põllumeeste Kogu) |
National conservatism National conservatism National conservatism is a political term used primarily in Europe to describe a variant of conservatism which concentrates more on national interests than standard conservatism as well as upholding cultural and ethnic identity, while not being outspokenly nationalist or supporting a far-right... , agrarianism Agrarianism Agrarianism has two common meanings. The first meaning refers to a social philosophy or political philosophy which values rural society as superior to urban society, the independent farmer as superior to the paid worker, and sees farming as a way of life that can shape the ideal social values... |
13,356 | 2.9% | — | — |
| Bloc "Greens" (Valimisliit "Rohelised") |
Green interests | 12,009 | 2.6% | 1 | 1.0% |
| Party of Estonian Enterpreneurs (Eesti Ettevõtjate Erakond) |
Liberal Liberalism Liberalism is the belief in the importance of liberty and equal rights. Liberals espouse a wide array of views depending on their understanding of these principles, but generally, liberals support ideas such as constitutionalism, liberal democracy, free and fair elections, human rights,... |
10,946 | 2.4% | 1 | 1.0% |
| Bloc "Left Alternative Estonian Left Party Estonian Left Party was a left socialist political party in Estonia.-History:In June 1988 Communist Party of Estonia , i.e. the Estonian branch of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, chief Karl Vaino was replaced by the reform-minded Soviet Ambassador to Nicaragua Vaino Väljas, the former... " (Valimisliit "Vasakvõimalus") |
Democratic socialism Democratic socialism Democratic socialism is a description used by various socialist movements and organizations to emphasize the democratic character of their political orientation... |
7,374 | 1.6% | — | — |
| National Party of the Illegally Repressed (Õigusvastaselt Represeeritute Rahvuslik Erakond) |
Nationalism Nationalism Nationalism is a political ideology that involves a strong identification of a group of individuals with a political entity defined in national terms, i.e. a nation. In the 'modernist' image of the nation, it is nationalism that creates national identity. There are various definitions for what... , interest group |
4,263 | 0.9% | — | — |
| Bloc "Union of Estonian Disabled Societies" (Valimisliit "Eesti Invaühingute Liit") |
Interest group | 2,262 | 0.5% | — | — |
| Bloc "Charity" (Valimisliit "Halastus") |
Interest group | 1,852 | 0.4% | — | — |
| Bloc "Democrats" (Valimisliit "Demokraadid") |
Nationalism Nationalism Nationalism is a political ideology that involves a strong identification of a group of individuals with a political entity defined in national terms, i.e. a nation. In the 'modernist' image of the nation, it is nationalism that creates national identity. There are various definitions for what... |
744 | 0.2% | — | — |
| Party of Natural Law (Loodusseaduse Partei) |
Agrarianism Agrarianism Agrarianism has two common meanings. The first meaning refers to a social philosophy or political philosophy which values rural society as superior to urban society, the independent farmer as superior to the paid worker, and sees farming as a way of life that can shape the ideal social values... |
368 | 0.1% | — | — |
| Independents | — | 19,753 | 4.3% | — | — |
| Total valid votes | 458,247 | 100.0% | 101 | ||
|
|||||
Turnout: 467,628; 67.84%
Invalid votes: 9,381; 2.01%
Valid votes: 458,247; 98.00%
5% national threshold: 22912.35