Ernst Viktor von Leyden
Encyclopedia
Ernst Viktor von Leyden (April 20, 1832 – October 5, 1910) was a German
Germany
Germany , officially the Federal Republic of Germany , is a federal parliamentary republic in Europe. The country consists of 16 states while the capital and largest city is Berlin. Germany covers an area of 357,021 km2 and has a largely temperate seasonal climate...

 internist from Danzig
Gdansk
Gdańsk is a Polish city on the Baltic coast, at the centre of the country's fourth-largest metropolitan area.The city lies on the southern edge of Gdańsk Bay , in a conurbation with the city of Gdynia, spa town of Sopot, and suburban communities, which together form a metropolitan area called the...

.

Leyden studied medicine at the Friedrich-Wilhelms-Institut in Berlin, and was a pupil of Johann Lukas Schönlein
Johann Lukas Schönlein
Johann Lukas Schönlein was a German naturalist, and professor of medicine, born in Bamberg. He studied medicine at Landshut, Jena, Göttingen, and Würzburg...

 (1793-1864) and Ludwig Traube
Ludwig Traube (physician)
Ludwig Traube was a German physician and co-founder of the experimental pathology in Germany.-Biography:...

 (1818-1876). He was a medical professor at several universities, including Königsberg
Königsberg
Königsberg was the capital of East Prussia from the Late Middle Ages until 1945 as well as the northernmost and easternmost German city with 286,666 inhabitants . Due to the multicultural society in and around the city, there are several local names for it...

, Strassburg and Berlin. Leyden was an important influence to the career of Ludwig Edinger
Ludwig Edinger
Ludwig Edinger was an influential German anatomist and neurologist and co-founder of the University of Frankfurt. In 1914 he was also appointed the first German professor of neurology....

 (1855-1918), and during his tenure at the University of Königsberg
University of Königsberg
The University of Königsberg was the university of Königsberg in East Prussia. It was founded in 1544 as second Protestant academy by Duke Albert of Prussia, and was commonly known as the Albertina....

 worked closely with Otto Spiegelberg
Otto Spiegelberg
Otto Spiegelberg was a German gynecologist who was a native of Peine.He studied medicine at the University of Göttingen, and afterwards furthered his studies in Berlin, Prague and throughout the United Kingdom. In 1851 he earned his medical doctorate, and was habilitated at Göttingen in 1853...

 (1830-1881) and Friedrich Daniel von Recklinghausen
Friedrich Daniel von Recklinghausen
Friedrich Daniel von Recklinghausen was a German pathologist who practiced medicine in Würzburg and Strassburg . Born in Gütersloh, Westphalia, he was the father of physiologist Heinrich von Recklinghausen ....

 (1833-1910). One of his better known assistants at Königsberg was Hermann Nothnagel (1841-1905).

In the 1890s (from 1894) he was a physician to Czar Alexander III of Russia
Alexander III of Russia
Alexander Alexandrovich Romanov , historically remembered as Alexander III or Alexander the Peacemaker reigned as Emperor of Russia from until his death on .-Disposition:...

. The political philosopher Wolfgang von Leyden
Wolfgang von Leyden
Wolfgang Marius von Leyden was a German political philosopher who edited the letters of the 17th century empiricist, John Locke. He was born in Berlin on 28 December, 1911, and was a grandson of Ernst Viktor von Leyden. He received a broad humanistic education, studying at German and Italian ...

 was his grandson.

Leyden specialized in neurological diseases, and was a leader in establishing proper hospital facilities for tuberculosis
Tuberculosis
Tuberculosis, MTB, or TB is a common, and in many cases lethal, infectious disease caused by various strains of mycobacteria, usually Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Tuberculosis usually attacks the lungs but can also affect other parts of the body...

 patients. He wrote articles on a wide array of medical topics, including works on tabes dorsalis
Tabes dorsalis
Tabes dorsalis is a slow degeneration of the sensory neurons that carry afferent information. The degenerating nerves are in the dorsal columns of the spinal cord and carry information that help maintain a person's sense of position , vibration, and discriminative touch.-Cause:Tabes dorsalis is...

 and poliomyelitis
Poliomyelitis
Poliomyelitis, often called polio or infantile paralysis, is an acute viral infectious disease spread from person to person, primarily via the fecal-oral route...

. In 1899 he published the two-volume Handbuch der Ernährungstherapie (Textbook of Dietetic Therapy).

Eponymous medical terms named for Ernst von Leyden

  • Charcot-Leyden crystals
    Charcot-Leyden crystals
    Charcot-Leyden crystals are microscopic crystals found in people who have allergic diseases such as asthma or parasitic infections such as parasitic pneumonia or ascariasis.The Charcot-Leyden crystal protein interacts with eosinophil lysophospholipases....

    : colorless crystals found in the sputum of asthma
    Asthma
    Asthma is the common chronic inflammatory disease of the airways characterized by variable and recurring symptoms, reversible airflow obstruction, and bronchospasm. Symptoms include wheezing, coughing, chest tightness, and shortness of breath...

     patients, or in the faecal matter of amoebic and ulcerative colitis
    Ulcerative colitis
    Ulcerative colitis is a form of inflammatory bowel disease . Ulcerative colitis is a form of colitis, a disease of the colon , that includes characteristic ulcers, or open sores. The main symptom of active disease is usually constant diarrhea mixed with blood, of gradual onset...

    ; named along with neurologist Jean-Martin Charcot
    Jean-Martin Charcot
    Jean-Martin Charcot was a French neurologist and professor of anatomical pathology. He is known as "the founder of modern neurology" and is "associated with at least 15 medical eponyms", including Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis...

    .
  • Leyden's neuritis: A neuritis in which nerve fibres are replaced by fatty tissue.
  • Leyden's paralysis II: A fatal form of paralysis
    Paralysis
    Paralysis is loss of muscle function for one or more muscles. Paralysis can be accompanied by a loss of feeling in the affected area if there is sensory damage as well as motor. A study conducted by the Christopher & Dana Reeve Foundation, suggests that about 1 in 50 people have been diagnosed...

     of the extremities that follows epileptiform seizures; seen in patients with hemorrhage of the pons
    Pons
    The pons is a structure located on the brain stem, named after the Latin word for "bridge" or the 16th-century Italian anatomist and surgeon Costanzo Varolio . It is superior to the medulla oblongata, inferior to the midbrain, and ventral to the cerebellum. In humans and other bipeds this means it...

     and medulla oblongata
    Medulla oblongata
    The medulla oblongata is the lower half of the brainstem. In discussions of neurology and similar contexts where no ambiguity will result, it is often referred to as simply the medulla...

    .
  • Leyden-Möbius syndrome: Pelvic muscular dystrophy
    Muscular dystrophy
    Muscular dystrophy is a group of muscle diseases that weaken the musculoskeletal system and hamper locomotion. Muscular dystrophies are characterized by progressive skeletal muscle weakness, defects in muscle proteins, and the death of muscle cells and tissue.In the 1860s, descriptions of boys who...

    ; named along with neurologist Paul Julius Möbius
    Paul Julius Möbius
    Paul Julius Möbius was a German neurologist who was born in Leipzig. Prior to entering the medical field in 1873, he studied philosophy and theology at the Universities of Leipzig, Jena and Marburg....

    .
  • Westphal-Leyden ataxia: Acute ataxia
    Ataxia
    Ataxia is a neurological sign and symptom that consists of gross lack of coordination of muscle movements. Ataxia is a non-specific clinical manifestation implying dysfunction of the parts of the nervous system that coordinate movement, such as the cerebellum...

     that begins in childhood; named along with neurologist Karl Friedrich Otto Westphal.
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