Elihan Tore
Encyclopedia
Elihan Tore Saghuniy (ʿAli Khan Türe or Alihan Tore Shakirjan Khoja ogli) Алихан -тюре (21 March 1884-28 February 1976) was president of the Second East Turkistan Republic.
Elihan was born in Tokmok
, Kyrgyzstan
, and in 1920 he escaped from the communists to Kashgar
.
He was elected as President of the Eastern Turkestan Republic (ETR) next day after victory of Revolt in Ghulja city on 12 November 1944. Had a military rank of Marshal
of Ili National Army
, formed on April 8, 1945.
Elihan Tore was the only person in the ETR leadership who opposed Stalin's order to terminate offensive of Ili National Army on Urumchi and start negotiations with Kuomintang
in October 1945, on the dawn of full victory of rebel forces over Kuomintang in Sinkiang (Eastern Turkestan).
On June 12, 1946, six days after signing in Urumchi of the " Peace Agreement " between representatives of Eastern Turkestan Republic and Kuomintang, that concluded the difficult eight months negotiations being started on October 14, 1945 under Soviets mediation with accordance of the offer of Generalissimo
Chiang Kai-shek
to peacefully resolve " Sinkiang crisis " , he was forcibly brought back to the USSR by the KGB
and confined here. The rest of his life he spent under house arrest in Tashkent
, where he wrote a book Türkistan kaygısı (Turkistan Tragedy) about Xinjiang
.
Elihan was born in Tokmok
Tokmok
Tokmok ; , Tokmak) is a city of about 53,087 in northern Kyrgyzstan, east of the country's capital of Bishkek. Its geographical location is ; its altitude is 816 m above sea level. From 2004 until 19 April 2006 it served as the administrative seat of Chui Province...
, Kyrgyzstan
Kyrgyzstan
Kyrgyzstan , officially the Kyrgyz Republic is one of the world's six independent Turkic states . Located in Central Asia, landlocked and mountainous, Kyrgyzstan is bordered by Kazakhstan to the north, Uzbekistan to the west, Tajikistan to the southwest and China to the east...
, and in 1920 he escaped from the communists to Kashgar
Kashgar
Kashgar or Kashi is an oasis city with approximately 350,000 residents in the western part of the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region of the People's Republic of China. Kashgar is the administrative centre of Kashgar Prefecture which has an area of 162,000 km² and a population of approximately...
.
He was elected as President of the Eastern Turkestan Republic (ETR) next day after victory of Revolt in Ghulja city on 12 November 1944. Had a military rank of Marshal
Marshal
Marshal , is a word used in several official titles of various branches of society. The word is an ancient loan word from Old French, cf...
of Ili National Army
Ili National Army
Ili National Army consisted originally of six regiments: Suidun Infantry Regiment, Ghulja Regiment, Kensai Regiment, Ghulja Reserve Regiment, Kazakh Cavalry Regiment, Dungan Regiment, Artillery Subdivision, Sibo Subdivision, Mongol Subdivision. Last two Subdivisions were later reformed to Regiments...
, formed on April 8, 1945.
Elihan Tore was the only person in the ETR leadership who opposed Stalin's order to terminate offensive of Ili National Army on Urumchi and start negotiations with Kuomintang
Kuomintang
The Kuomintang of China , sometimes romanized as Guomindang via the Pinyin transcription system or GMD for short, and translated as the Chinese Nationalist Party is a founding and ruling political party of the Republic of China . Its guiding ideology is the Three Principles of the People, espoused...
in October 1945, on the dawn of full victory of rebel forces over Kuomintang in Sinkiang (Eastern Turkestan).
On June 12, 1946, six days after signing in Urumchi of the " Peace Agreement " between representatives of Eastern Turkestan Republic and Kuomintang, that concluded the difficult eight months negotiations being started on October 14, 1945 under Soviets mediation with accordance of the offer of Generalissimo
Generalissimo
Generalissimo and Generalissimus are military ranks of the highest degree, superior to Field Marshal and other five-star ranks.-Usage:...
Chiang Kai-shek
Chiang Kai-shek
Chiang Kai-shek was a political and military leader of 20th century China. He is known as Jiǎng Jièshí or Jiǎng Zhōngzhèng in Mandarin....
to peacefully resolve " Sinkiang crisis " , he was forcibly brought back to the USSR by the KGB
KGB
The KGB was the commonly used acronym for the . It was the national security agency of the Soviet Union from 1954 until 1991, and was the premier internal security, intelligence, and secret police organization during that time.The State Security Agency of the Republic of Belarus currently uses the...
and confined here. The rest of his life he spent under house arrest in Tashkent
Tashkent
Tashkent is the capital of Uzbekistan and of the Tashkent Province. The officially registered population of the city in 2008 was about 2.2 million. Unofficial sources estimate the actual population may be as much as 4.45 million.-Early Islamic History:...
, where he wrote a book Türkistan kaygısı (Turkistan Tragedy) about Xinjiang
Xinjiang
Xinjiang is an autonomous region of the People's Republic of China. It is the largest Chinese administrative division and spans over 1.6 million km2...
.
Works
- Türkistan kaygısı, Tashkent, UzbekistanUzbekistanUzbekistan , officially the Republic of Uzbekistan is a doubly landlocked country in Central Asia and one of the six independent Turkic states. It shares borders with Kazakhstan to the west and to the north, Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan to the east, and Afghanistan and Turkmenistan to the south....
, East Publishing House, 2003 - Drifter Saghuniy