The Elbrus is a line of Soviet

Soviet Union

The Soviet Union , officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics , was a constitutionally socialist state that existed in Eurasia between 1922 and 1991....

 and Russian

Russia

Russia or , officially known as both Russia and the Russian Federation , is a country in northern Eurasia. It is a federal semi-presidential republic, comprising 83 federal subjects...

 computer systems developed by Lebedev Institute of Precision Mechanics and Computer Engineering

Lebedev Institute of Precision Mechanics and Computer Engineering

Lebedev Institute of Precision Mechanics and Computer Engineering is a Russian research institution. It used to be a Soviet Academy of Sciences organization in Soviet times...

.
In 1992 a spin-off company Moscow Center of SPARC Technologies (MCST) was created and continued development.

These computers are used in the space program, nuclear weapons research, and defense systems.

MCST develops microprocessors based on 2 different instruction set architecture (ISA): Elbrus and SPARC

SPARC

SPARC is a RISC instruction set architecture developed by Sun Microsystems and introduced in mid-1987....

• Elbrus 1 (1973) was the fourth generation Soviet computer, developed by Vsevolod Burtsev. Implements tag-based architecture and ALGOL
  ALGOL
  ALGOL is a family of imperative computer programming languages originally developed in the mid 1950s which greatly influenced many other languages and became the de facto way algorithms were described in textbooks and academic works for almost the next 30 years...
  
   as system language like the Burroughs large systems. A side development was an update of the 1965 BESM-6 as Elbrus-1K2.
• Elbrus 2 (1977) was a 10-processor computer, considered the first Soviet supercomputer, with superscalar RISC processors. Re-implementation of the Elbrus 1 architecture with the fast ECL
  Emitter coupled logic
  In electronics, emitter-coupled logic , is a logic family that achieves high speed by using an overdriven BJT differential amplifier with single-ended input, whose emitter current is limited to avoid the slow saturation region of transistor operation....
  
   chips.
• Elbrus 3 (1986) was a 16-processor computer developed by Boris Babaian
  Boris Babaian
  Boris Artashesovich Babayan is an Armenian supercomputer architect, notable as the pioneering creator of supercomputers in the Soviet Union....
  
  . Differing completely from the architecture of both Elbrus 1 and Elbrus 2, it employed VLIW architecture.
• Elbrus-90micro (1998-2010) is a computer line based on SPARC
  SPARC
  SPARC is a RISC instruction set architecture developed by Sun Microsystems and introduced in mid-1987....
  
   instruction set architecture (ISA) microprocessors: MCST R80, R150, R500, R500S and MCST-4R working at 80, 150, 500 and 1000 MHz.
• Elbrus-3M1 (2005) is a 2-processor computer based on Elbrus 2000
  Elbrus 2000
  The Elbrus 2000, E2K is a Russian 512-bit wide VLIW microprocessor developed by Moscow Center of SPARC Technologies and fabricated by TSMC.It supports 2 instruction set architecture :* Elbrus VLIW...
  
   microprocessor employing VLIW architecture working at 300 MHz. It is further development of the Elbrus 3 (1986).
• Elbrus МВ3S1/C (2009) is a ccNUMA 4-processor computer based on Elbrus-S microprocessor working at 500 MHz.

External links

• Elbrus website in Russian
• Elbrus E2K
• "Elbrus" processor info (russian)
• "Elbrus-S" processor info (russian)
• МВ3S1/C "Elbrus-S" based processor module(russian)
• "Elbrus-3M1" computer info (russian)
• (I) Power Point document "Elbrus-3M1"
• (II) Power Point document "Elbrus-3M1"
• Russian microprocessors: An overview (Spanish - Espacial.org)
• Video of booting Windows 2000 on Elbrus microprocessor